Airport networks are interconnected through flight routes, with delays at upstream airports leading to delays at downstream airports, thus causing delay propagation. Exploring the mechanisms of delay propagation in airport networks provides scientifi...
The airport network is a highly dynamic and complex network connected by air routes, and it is difficult to study the impact of delays at one airport on another airport by means of human intervention. Due to the delay propagation law contained in the...
Exploring the delay causality between airports and comparing the delay propagation patterns across different airport networks is critical to better understand delay propagation mechanisms and provide effective delay mitigation strategies. A novel att...
Complex network theory, in conjunction with metrics able to detect causality relationships from time series, has recently emerged as an effective and intuitive way of studying delay propagation in air transport. One important step in such analysis is...
The conventional explanation of delayed-choice experiments appears to violate our causal intuition at the quantum level. I reanalyze these experiments using time-reversed and time-symmetric formulations of quantum mechanics. The time-reversed formula...
We present a new method for time delay estimation using band limited frequency domain data representing the port responses of interconnect structures. The approach is based on the spectrally accurate method for causality characterization that employs...
This article describes a refinement of recurrence analysis to determine the delay in the causal influence between a driver and a target, in the presence of additional perturbations affecting the time series of the response observable. The methodology...
In tightly coupled Industrial Control Systems (ICS), abnormal disturbances often propagate throughout the process, triggering a large number of time-correlated alarms that exceed the handling capacity of the operator. Consequently, a key challenge is...
Generated and collected data have been rising with the popularization of technologies such as Internet of Things, social media, and smartphone, leading big data term creation. One class of big data hidden information is causality. Among the tools to...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 caused the global COVID-19 pandemic and public health crisis, and it led to the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines, which can cause rare and typically mild hypersensitivity reactions (HRs). Delayed...
In his “What Is Life?” Schrödinger poses three questions: (1) What is the source of order in organisms? (2) How do organisms remain ordered in the face of the Second Law of Thermodynamics? (3) Are new laws of physics required? He ans...
We propose a tensor based approach to infer causal structures from time series. An information theoretical analysis of transfer entropy (TE) shows that TE results from transmission of information over a set of communication channels. Tensors are the...
We present a framework for the estimation of transfer entropy (TE) under the conditions typical of physiological system analysis, featuring short multivariate time series and the presence of instantaneous causality (IC). The framework is based on rec...
Industrial plants now stream thousands of temperature, pressure, flow rate, and composition measurements at minute-level intervals. These multi-sensor records often contain variable transport or residence time delays that hinder accurate disturbance...
An information-theoretic approach for detecting causality and information transfer is used to identify interactions of solar activity and interplanetary medium conditions with the Earth’s magnetosphere–ionosphere systems. A causal information transfe...
This paper shows through real-life measurement that bi-directional vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication latency can be dominated by sidelink scheduling delay when causality is not taken into account. Moreover, the large delay persists for a few sec...
Managing delivery risks is a critical challenge in modern supply chain management due to the increasing complexity and interdependencies of global supply networks. Existing methods often rely on correlation-based approaches, which fail to uncover the...
This article proposes a dynamic causal inference framework that integrates theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and industrial data mining to address the root-cause tracing problem of time-delay effects in strip thickness and shape quality dur...
In the Buddhist view, all real things are subject to constant change, and nothing real endures for more than one moment. The Buddhist holds that only causally productive things are real and offers arguments to prove that anything that produces an eff...
Having insight into the causal associations in a complex system facilitates decision making, e.g., for medical treatments, urban infrastructure improvements or financial investments. The amount of observational data grows, which enables the discovery...
We adopted a weight of evidence approach to establish a causal analysis of an impaired land ecosystem on a regional scale; namely, Daye, a traditional mining city in China. Working processes, including problem statements, a list of candidate causes,...
This study proposes a novel causality-structured matrix long short-term memory (C-mLSTM) model for significant wave height (SWH) forecasting. The framework incorporates a two-stage causal feature selection methodology using cointegration testing and...
Understanding and improving web performance is essential for enhancing user experience, yet existing approaches remain largely correlation-based and lack causal interpretability. To address this limitation, we propose a causal-inference-driven framew...
A construction defect can cause schedule delay, cost overrun and quality deterioration. In order to minimize these negative impacts of construction defects, this paper aims to analyze the causality of construction defects. Specifically, association r...
The time from symptom onset to reperfusion is a critical determinant of myocardial salvage and clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This time period could be delayed if people do not seek help promptly and/or if the h...
Dynamic path planning enables vehicles to autonomously navigate in unknown or continuously changing environments, thereby reducing reliance on fixed maps. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL), with its superior performance in handling high-dimensional s...
Recent work has shown that people use temporal information including order, delay, and variability to infer causality between events. In this study, we build on this work by investigating the role of time in dynamic systems, where causes take continu...
Existing research indicates that different types of meat have varying effects on health and aging, but the specific causal relationships remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between different types of meat intake and ag...
Determining the coupling between systems remains a topic of active research in the field of complex science. Identifying the proper causal influences in time series can already be very challenging in the trivariate case, particularly when the interac...
This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the frequency-domain filtered-x least mean-square (FxLMS) algorithms for active noise control (ANC). The direct use of frequency-domain adaptive filters for ANC results in two kinds of delays, i.e., del...
Within the endeavour of describing and analysing delays and their propagations in air transport, a major limitation is represented by the validation of the obtained results. While this can be overcome through synthetic models, those available in the...
The interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere–ionosphere system is very complex, being essentially the result of the interplay between an external driver, the solar wind, and internal processes to the magnetosphere&...
Port congestion leads to frequent delays in multilevel handlings at automated terminals (ATMH). These delays propagate throughout the terminal, intensified by the interdependencies among equipment, which severely undermines the overall efficiency of...
At the panel level, formed of 33 European economies based on resource efficiency enhancers or innovation-driven factors, the present study followed causal relationships between the conditions of economic efficiency ensuring framework and different ma...
Under the “Dual Carbon” goal, public opinion analysis is crucial for optimizing policy implementation and enhancing social consensus, yet it faces challenges such as insufficient multi-source data integration, limited causal modeling, and...
The incidence of respiratory infections in the population is related to many factors, among which environmental factors such as air quality, temperature, and humidity have attracted much attention. In particular, air pollution has caused widespread d...
Causality inference is a process to infer Cause-Effect relations between variables in, typically, complex systems, and it is commonly used for root cause analysis in large-scale process industries. Transfer entropy (TE), as a non-parametric causality...
With the accumulation of scientific knowledge of the genetic causes of common diseases and continuous advancement of gene-editing technologies, gene therapies to prevent polygenic diseases may soon become possible. This study endeavored to assess pop...
Causal relations among variables may change significantly due to different control strategies and fault types. Off line-based knowledge is not adequate for fault diagnosis, and existing causal models obtained from data driven methods are mostly based...
Using directed transfer function (DTF) and partial directed coherence (PDC) in the information version, this paper extends the theoretical framework to incorporate the instantaneous Granger causality (iGC) frequency domain description into a single u...
When patent foramen ovale (PFO) combines with the prominent Eustachian valve or Chiari network (EV/CN), contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE) may miss the diagnosis of PFO. We sought to determine the characteristics of right-to-left shunt (R...
Understanding the temporal and spatial dynamics of traffic accidents are a key determinant in their mitigation. This article leverages big data and a Poisson model with fixed effects to understand the causality of traffic congestion on road accidents...
We discuss possible causal factors for the decline in intertidal invertebrate populations around Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent tsunami and nuclear disaster on the basis of exis...
Observational studies suggest that early onset of menopause is associated with increased risk of hypertension. Whether this association is causal or due to residual confounding and/or reverse causation remains undetermined. We aimed to evaluate the o...
Timely administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy is associated with better patient outcomes and lower costs of care compared to delayed appropriate therapy, yet initial treatment is often empiric since causal pathogens are typically unknown up...
In the optical telescope, the stable precision of the optical path is affected by the structural vibrations. The image sensor with time delay and the micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer with massive drift limit the disturbance suppre...
A network paradigm called the Software-Defined Network (SDN) has recently been introduced. The idea of SDN is to separate the control logic from forwarding devices to enable a centralized control platform. However, SDN is still a distributed and asyn...
Background: Targeting the gut microbiota may become a new therapeutic to prevent and delay the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nonetheless, the causal relationship between specific intestinal flora and CKD is still unclear. Materials and...
Negative group delay may be observed in dispersive media with anomalous dispersion in a certain frequency range. The fact that an outgoing wave packet precedes an incoming one does not violate the causality principle but is only a consequence of a wa...
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on higher education. Steering academic institutions through the pandemic is a complex and multifaceted task that can be supported with model-based scenario analysis. This article studies the short-te...
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