It is known that in the cross-section of a high-order cylindrical vector beam (CVB), polarization is locally linear. The higher the beam order, the higher the number of full rotations of the vector of local linear polarization when passing along a co...
We investigate the interaction between cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) and metallic annular structures. The mechanisms for plasmonic focusing and field distributions are studied both analytically and numerically. We demonstrate that the focusing patt...
Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) are the product of polarization modulation of optical fields, and possess both unique focusing characteristics and excellent properties applicable to machining, imaging, communication and other fields. Mode selection c...
Function expansion of fiber sensor is highly desired for ultrasensitive optical detection and analysis. Here, we present an approach of multifunctional fiber sensor based on Fano resonances and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excited via c...
High-order cylindrical vector beams possess flexible spatial polarization and exhibit new effects and phenomena that can expand the functionality and enhance the capability of optical systems. However, building a general analytical model for highly f...
We investigate the spin angular momentum (SAM) of double-index cylindrical vector beams in tight focus. Such a set of beams is a generalization of the conventional cylindrical vector beams since the polarization order is different for the different t...
The cylindrical vector beam (CVB) has been widely studied and applied in recent years. However, many CVB generation methods suffer from complex systems, and large-size devices are required. Here, we propose a monolayer chiral metasurface composed of...
The use of ultrafast cylindrical vector vortex beams in laser–matter interactions permits new ablation features to be harnessed from inhomogeneous distributions of polarization and beam geometry. As a consequence, the ablation process can yield...
CVBs (cylindrical vector beams) are widely used in optical imaging, optical trapping, material processing, etc. In this study, based on mode-selective couplers and passive mode-locking fiber technology, a cylindrical vector fiber amplifier with an MO...
Spin-Hall effect (SHE) of light is one of the main manifestations of the spin-orbit interaction of photons, and has been extensively studied for optical beams with homogeneous polarization. Here, we present a theoretical study of the SHE of cylindric...
The stable propagation of orbital angular momentum and cylindrical vector beams in a newly designed annular core photonic crystal fiber (AC-PCF) tailored for the broadband single-radial order beam transmission (within the so-called “endlessly mono-ra...
We propose and demonstrate a compact all-fiber laser generating cylindrical vector beam (CVB) using carbon nanotubes as the saturable absorber for mode-locking and a two-mode fiber Bragg grating (TM-FBG) as the mode discriminator. Both radially and a...
In this paper, we simulate the focusing of a cylindrical vector beam (CVB) of second order, using the Richards–Wolf formula. Many papers have been published on focusing CVB, but they did not report on forming of the toroidal vortices of energy (TVE)...
Transverse mode control of laser intracavity oscillation is crucial for generating high-purity cylindrical vector beams (CVBs). We utilized the mode conversion and mode selection properties of two-mode long-period fiber gratings (TM-LPFGs) and two-mo...
Because of the special absorption peak, pulsed lasers at 1.7 μm have been rapidly developed in medical treatment, biological imaging and so on. Introducing the cylindrical vector beam (CVB) may further promote these special applications due to its...
In this paper, spin-orbital conversion in the tight focus of an axial superposition of a high-order (order m) cylindrical vector beam and a beam with linear polarization is theoretically and numerically considered. Although such a beam does not have...
To generate cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) with high mode purity and high beam quality, a polarization-maintaining fiber oscillator was built, followed by high-efficiency mode conversion with an S-waveplate. This system leverages the S-waveplate as...
Two linked gear wheels in a micromachine can be simultaneously rotated in opposite directions by using a laser beam that has in its section areas the spin angular momentum (SAM) of the opposite sign. However, for instance, a cylindrical vector beam h...
To automatically measure the surface profile of a cylindrical workpiece, a high-precision multi-beam optical method is proposed in this paper. First, some successive images for the cylindrical workpiece’s surface are acquired by a multi-beam an...
In this work, using a Richards-Wolf formalism, we derive explicit analytical relationships to describe vectors of the major and minor axes of polarization ellipses centered in the focal plane when focusing a cylindrical vector beam of integer order n...
We propose binary diffractive optical elements, combining several axicons of different types (axis-symmetrical and spiral), for the generation of a 3D intensity distribution in the form of multiple vector optical ‘bottle’ beams, which can be tailored...
Diffractive multi-beams based on 1 × 5 and 2 × 2 binary Dammann gratings applied to a spatial light modulator (SLM) combined with a nanostructured S-wave plate have been used to generate uniform multiple cylindrical vector beams with radial and azimu...
In this study, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the propagation of a second-order cylindrical vector beam through an aluminum lens which forms a tight focus at the distance of the wavelength. Simulation by the finite-difference time-do...
In this paper, using the frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain method, a femtosecond cylindrical vector beam of second-order focusing binary zone plates (BZP) is investigated. It is shown that the relief material has a significant effect...
Exploding or concentrating beams, vortex beams, and cylindrical vector beams have a precisely shaped transversal amplitude profile such that they produce a continuously concentrating and intensifying focal spot upon focusing as the lens aperture is o...
The optical communication performance of cylindrical vector partially coherent Laguerre–Gaussian (PCLG) beams in different atmospheric turbulence models are investigated. Based on the unified theory of coherence and polarization and turbulence...
It is shown in this work that, with strong focusing of a beam with optical vortex and circular polarization, three energy flows take place in the focal plane: direct longitudinal, reverse longitudinal and azimuthal transverse flows. Calculations are...
Full control of the light field at the tip of the fiber holds the possibility of producing structured illumination patterns such as LG-beams or vector light fields, which have important applications in different fields such as imaging and quantum tec...
We explore the propagation of the cylindrical vector beams (CVB) in turbid tissue-like scattering medium in comparison with the conventional Gaussian laser beam. The study of propagation of CVB and Gaussian laser beams in the medium is performed util...
Elements of micromachines can be driven by light, including structured light with phase and/or polarization singularities. We investigate a paraxial vectorial Gaussian beam with multiple polarization singularities residing on a circle. Such a beam is...
It is shown, theoretically and numerically, that the distributions of the longitudinal energy flow for tightly focused light with circular and linear polarization are the same, and that the spot has circular symmetry. It is also shown that the longit...
We have shown how the spin Hall effect is formed in a tight focus for two light fields with initial linear polarization. We have demonstrated that an even number of local subwavelength regions appear in which the sign of the longitudinal projection o...
Traditional optics usually studies the uniform polarization state of light. Compared with uniform vector beams, non-uniform vector beams have more polarization information. Most of the research on generating cylindrical vector beams using metasurface...
Recently, there has been increased interest in the shaping of light fields with an inverse energy flux to guide optically trapped nano- and microparticles towards a radiation source. To generate inverse energy flux, non-uniformly polarized laser beam...
A core dielectric cylindrical rod wrapped in a dielectric circular pipe whose outer surface is enclosed by a helical conducting strip grating that is skewed along the axial direction is herein analyzed using the asymptotic strip boundary conditions a...
We study the tight focus of generalized (hybrid) Poincaré beams. A conventional Poincaré beam is a coaxial superposition of two optical vortices, one with left circular polarization and a topological charge (TC) of m, while the other ha...
In recent years, structured laser beams for shaping inverse energy flow regions: regions with a direction of energy flow opposite to the propagation direction of a laser beam, have been actively studied. Unfortunately, many structured laser beams gen...
Structured light beams have played important roles in the fields of optical imaging and optical manipulation. However, light fields scatter when they encounter highly anisotropic scattering media, such as biological tissue, which destroys their origi...
In this work, we performed a Mueller matrix imaging analysis of two commercial optical components usually employed to generate and manipulate vector beams—a radial polarizer and a liquid-crystal q-plate. These two elements generate vector beams by di...
Using the Richards–Wolf formalism, we obtain explicit analytical expressions for the optical helicity density at the tight focus of four different light beams: a linearly polarized optical vortex, an optical vortex with right-handed circular po...
Spin–orbit coupling and nonparaxiality effects during the propagation of vortex vector light beams in a cylindrical graded-index waveguide are investigated by solving the full three-component field Maxwell’s equations. Symmetry-breaking e...
We discuss interesting effects that occur when strongly focusing light with mth-order cylindrical–circular polarization. This type of hybrid polarization combines properties of the mth-order cylindrical polarization and circular polarization. Reluing...
In this paper, the far-field topological structures (FFTSs) of the second harmonic (SH) from higher-order Poincaré sphere (HOPS) beams, including circularly polarized vortex beams (VBs), cylindrically vector beams (CVBs) and elliptically polar...
We design and investigate an original optical component made of a c-cut uniaxial crystal and an optical system to generate cylindrical vector beams with an adjustable polarization state. The original optical component has a specific, nearly conical s...
A pulse burst optical system has been developed, able to alter an energetic, ultrafast 10 ps, 5 kHz output pulse train to 323 MHz intra-burst frequency at the fundamental 5 kHz repetition rate. An optical delay line consisting of a beam-splitting pol...
In this paper, using a Richards–Wolf method, which describes the behavior of electromagnetic waves at the sharp focus, we show that high-order spin and orbital Hall effects take place at the focal plane of tightly focused laser beams. We reveal...
Photosensitive materials are widely used for the direct fabrication of surface relief gratings (SRGs) without the selective etching of the material. It is known that the interferometric approach makes it possible to fabricate SRGs with submicron and...
This paper presents a novel method for generating and shaping reverse energy flow through the interference of light fields from a minimal number of point light sources. Until now, reverse energy flow has only been observed using complex light fields,...
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical nanostructures formed by rolling a graphene sheet—a hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms—into a tube. Based on the rolling direction, CNTs are categorized as armchair, zigzag, or chiral. The chiral vec...
This study presents the first application of Machine Learning (ML) models to optimise Powder Bed Fusion using Laser Beam (PBF-LB) process parameters for H13 steel fabricated on a 350 °C preheated building platform. A total of 189 cylindrical spec...