In terms of service provision, the electricity sector is the most important critical infrastructure sector, on the supply of which the vast majority of society and its basic vital functions depend. Extensive disruption of these supplies would have ne...
This study aims to describe and assess the impact of critical infrastructure (CI) cybersecurity issues on the sustainable development of smart cities. This study highlights the integration of PayTech systems into the broader CI landscape, highlightin...
As a new area of technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) is a flagship and promising paradigm for innovating society. However, IoT-based critical infrastructures are an appealing target for cybercriminals. Such distinctive infrastructures are increa...
Modern ICT infrastructures, i.e., cyber-physical systems and critical infrastructures relying on interconnected IT (Information Technology)- and OT (Operational Technology)-based components and (sub-)systems, raise complex challenges in tackling secu...
In modern societies, the rampant growth of the Internet, both on the technological and social level, has created fertile ground for the emergence of new types of risk. On top of that, it enhances pre-existing threats by offering new means for accessi...
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the most abundant technology in the fields of manufacturing, automation, transportation, robotics, and agriculture, utilizing the IoT’s sensors-sensing capability. It plays a vital role in digital transformation...
Energy security is a crucial issue for political, environmental, and economic reasons. This article presents a modern approach to securing critical infrastructure in energy transmission networks, which are managed by advanced IT systems. This paper f...
Critical Infrastructures (CIs) are sensible targets. They could be physically damaged by natural or human actions, causing service disruptions, economic losses, and, in some extreme cases, harm to people. They, therefore, need a high level of protect...
In recent times, security and safety are, at least, conducted in safety-sensitive or critical sectors. Nevertheless, both processes do not commonly analyze the impact of security risks on safety. Several scholars are focused on integrating safety and...
Hydropower facilities are often remotely monitored or controlled from a centralized remote control room. Additionally, major component manufacturers monitor the performance of installed components, increasingly via public communication infrastructure...
The amount of information is constantly growing, and thus, the issue of information security is becoming more acute [...]
Critical National Infrastructures (CNIs)—including energy grids, water systems, transportation networks, and communication frameworks—are essential to modern society yet face escalating cybersecurity threats. This review paper comprehensi...
This article reports the conception and design of a mission critical microgrid to serve a critical infrastructure application, namely, the Alcântara Space Launch Center, a government military facility in Brazil. The assumptions, general charact...
Accurate detection of process anomalies is crucial for maintaining reliable operations in critical infrastructures such as water treatment plants. Traditional methods for creating anomaly detection systems in these facilities typically focus on eithe...
The connectivity advances in industrial control systems have also increased the possibility of cyberattacks in industry. Thus, security becomes crucial in critical infrastructures, whose services are considered essential in fields such as manufacturi...
Cyber security is nowadays synonymous with the reliability of elements connected to the internet. Better control of factories, security systems or even individual sensors is possible through the use of Internet of Things technology. The security of t...
The maritime industry’s increasing integration of IT/OT systems into vessel operations has significantly elevated its exposure to cyber–physical threats, making the development of effective cyber risk management strategies a necessity. Th...
In Industry 4.0, manufacturing and critical systems require high levels of flexibility and resilience for dynamic outcomes. Industrial Control Systems (ICS), specifically Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, are commonly used for...
This paper highlights a risk-based decision-making framework on a basis of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). Its aim is to enable stakeholders of transport infrastructures to systematically and effectively allocate their limited resources and cons...
A reliable and efficient power supply for critical infrastructure customers is key to ensuring energy security. Critical infrastructure requires local power sources. Currently, performance requirements for such sources have significantly increased. A...
This study aims to examine the use of digital twins in critical infrastructure through a literature review as well as a bibliometric and scientific mapping analysis. A total of 3414 documents from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) are examined. Accordi...
As digital instrumentation in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) is becoming increasingly complex, both attack vectors and defensive strategies are evolving based on new technologies and vulnerabilities. Continued efforts have been made to develop a variety...
The railway transport system is critical infrastructure that is exposed to numerous man-made and natural threats, thus protecting this physical asset is imperative. Cyber security, privacy, and dependability (SPD) are also important, as the railway o...
Water CIs are exposed to a wide number of IT challenges that go from the cooperation and alignment between physical and cyber security teams to the proliferation of new vulnerabilities and complex cyber-attacks with potential disastrous consequences....
As a newly built city and the new capital of Indonesia, Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN), is expected to become known worldwide as an economic driver, a symbol of national identity, and a sustainable city. As the nation’s capital, IKN will become the l...
With the ever advancing expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) into our everyday lives, the number of attack possibilities increases. Furthermore, with the incorporation of the IoT into Critical Infrastructure (CI) hardware and applications, the p...
Critical Infrastructure Security Showdown 2021—Online (CISS2021-OL) represented the fifth run of iTrust’s international technology assessment exercise. During this event, researchers and experts from the industry evaluated the performance...
Large-scale failures of electric power systems (blackouts) have been the subject of intensive research in most countries for several years. This research aims primarily at seeking solutions to improve the reliability of the operation of power systems...
The security of Internet of Things (IoT) systems has consistently been a challenge, particularly in the context of critical infrastructure. One particular approach not yet employed in this domain is the unidirectional communication paradigm. This sur...
Recent times have demonstrated how much the modern critical infrastructures (e.g., energy, essential services, people and goods transportation) depend from the global communication networks. However, in the current Cyber-Physical World convergence, s...
The conventional approach to urban planning has predominantly focused on horizontal dimensions, disregarding the potential risks originating from outer space. This paper aims to initiate a discourse on the vertical dimension of cities, which is influ...
The critical infrastructure is constantly under cyber and physical threats. Applying security controls without guidance or traceability can create a false sense of security. Security standards facilitate security knowledge and control best practices...
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The United Nations named 2010 as a year of natural disasters, and launched a worldwide campaign to improve the safety of schools and hospitals from natural disasters. In the region of South East Europe, Croatia and Serbia have suffered the greatest i...
Currently, in the digital era, critical infrastructure is increasingly exposed to cyber threats to their operation and security. This study explores the use of blockchain technology to address these challenges, highlighting its immutability, decentra...
The loss of a city’s agricultural lands due to land use change through urban development is a global problem, as local food production is an essential green infrastructure for intergenerational sustainability. Like many cities, much of Sydney&r...
Cybersecurity social networking is a new scientific and engineering discipline that was interdisciplinary in its early days, but is now transdisciplinary. The issues of reviewing and analyzing of principal tasks related to information collection, mon...
There has been a growth in the number of composite indicator tools used to assess community risk, vulnerability, and resilience, to assist study and policy planning. However, existing research shows that these composite indicators vary extensively in...
Autonomous vehicles (AV) are game-changing innovations that promise a safer, more convenient, and environmentally friendly mode of transportation than traditional vehicles. Therefore, understanding AV technologies and their impact on society is criti...
In the face of escalating cyber threats to critical infrastructures, achieving robust cyber resilience has become paramount. This paper proposes an endogenous security-oriented framework for cyber resilience assessment, specifically tailored for crit...
In this work, a secure wireless sensor network (WSN) for the surveillance, monitoring and protection of critical infrastructures was developed. To guarantee the security of the system, the main focus was the implementation of a unique security concep...
Communication networks in power systems are a major part of the smart grid paradigm. It enables and facilitates the automation of power grid operation as well as self-healing in contingencies. Such dependencies on communication networks, though, crea...
The increasing incorporation of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices into critical industrial operations and critical infrastructures necessitates robust security measures to safeguard confidential information and ensure dependable connectivi...
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of photovoltaic (PV) systems, focusing on their development and emerging security challenges over the past decade in Europe and Romania. It begins by presenting regional deployment trends and the increas...
Information systems of critical infrastructure provide services on which the core functions of a state and its economy depend as well as welfare of society. Such systems are becoming an increasingly common target for crimes and attacks in cyberspace,...
Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems have been widely deployed as a powerful tool to prevent, detect, and react against cyber-attacks. SIEM solutions have evolved to become comprehensive systems that provide a wide visibility to i...
The protection of critical infrastructures (CIs) from cyber–physical threats and natural hazards has become increasingly vital in modern society, which relies heavily on the essential services provided by these infrastructures. The European Uni...
The changing climate inflicts ecological, economic, social, and cultural consequences that are interconnected and mutually reinforcing. Very often, this happens via interlinked critical infrastructures. Preparing these for natural hazards and carryin...
Smart grids (SG) emerged as a response to the need to modernize the electricity grid. The current security tools are almost perfect when it comes to identifying and preventing known attacks in the smart grid. Still, unfortunately, they do not quite m...
Supply systems for water, energy and food in the Gulf region are becoming highly interlinked. In the last decades, interdependence was evident in the increase of coproduction plants and the cross-sectoral resource use footprints. In light of increasi...
The railway industry—traditionally a conservative industry with low adaption speed for innovation—is currently entering its digitization phase. The sector faces a challenge in integrating new technologies and approaches into the employed&...
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