Eukaryotic cilia are microtubule-based organelles that protrude from the cell surface to fulfill sensory and motility functions. Their basic structure consists of an axoneme templated by a centriole/basal body. Striking differences in ciliary ultra-s...
Cilia are evolutionarily conserved, microtubule-based organelles characterized by their ultrastructures and diverse functional roles, including developmental signaling, mechanosensation, and fluid propulsion. They are widely distributed across cell s...
Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are plant-derived metabolites with recognized pharmacological properties. Dysfunction of the primary cilium (PC), a solitary sensory organelle essential for development, is associated with disorders such as ciliopathies a...
The rapid advancement of tactile electronic skin (E-skin) has highlighted the effectiveness of incorporating bionic, force-sensitive microstructures in order to enhance sensing performance. Among these, cilia-like microstructures with high aspect rat...
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have long been acknowledged as mere disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). However, in recent years the gut with its autonomous nervous system and the multitude of microbial co...
Introduction: Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive hepatobiliary disease in infants, leading to liver failure and the need for transplantation. While its etiopathogenesis remains unclear, recent studies suggest primary cilia (PC) disruption plays a...
Cigarette smoking (CS) is one of the main factors related to avoidable diseases and death across the world. Cigarette smoke consists of numerous toxic compounds that contribute to the development of osteoporosis and fracture nonunion. Exposure to pul...
Immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy of ciliated epithelium is gaining increased popularity as a pre-genetic diagnostic method in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Ensuring reliable IF-based diagnostics in PCD requires robust standardization of stainin...
Motile cilia and homologous organelles, the flagella, are an early evolutionarily invention, enabling primitive eukaryotic cells to survive and reproduce. In animals, cilia have undergone functional and structural speciation giving raise to typical m...
Almost all brain cells contain primary cilia, antennae-like microtubule sensory organelles, on their surface, which play critical roles in brain functions. During neurodevelopmental stages, cilia are essential for brain formation and maturation. In t...
Primary cilia are hair-like structures found on nearly all mammalian cell types, including cells in the developing and adult brain. A diverse set of receptors and signaling proteins localize within cilia to regulate many physiological and development...
Primary cilia are specialized, microtubule-based structures projecting from the surface of most mammalian cells. These organelles are thought to primarily act as signaling hubs and sensors, receiving and integrating extracellular cues. Several import...
Cilia are hair-like projections of the plasma membrane with an inner microtubule skeleton known as axoneme. Motile cilia and flagella beat to displace extracellular fluids, playing important roles in the airways and reproductive system. On the contra...
Zebrafish is a vertebrate teleost widely used in many areas of research. As embryos, they develop quickly and provide unique opportunities for research studies owing to their transparency for at least 48 h post fertilization. Zebrafish have many cili...
Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs), plant-derived metabolites with broad spectra of biological effects, including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory, hold promise for drug development. Primary cilia, organelles extending from cell surfaces, are crucial for s...
Shear stress at the cilia wall is considered as an imperative factor that affects the efficiency of cilia beatings as it describes the momentum transfer between the fluid and the cilia. We consider a visco-inelastic Prandtl fluid in a ciliated channe...
Motile cilia are hair-like microscopic structures which generate directional flow to provide fluid transport in various biological processes. Ciliary beating is one of the sources of cerebrospinal flow (CSF) in brain ventricles. In this study, we inv...
Cilia are highly evolutionarily conserved, microtubule-based cell protrusions present in eukaryotic organisms from protists to humans, with the exception of fungi and higher plants. Cilia can be broadly divided into non-motile sensory cilia, called p...
Airway epithelium is the first line of defense against exposure of the airway and lung to various inflammatory stimuli. Ciliary beating of airway epithelial cells constitutes an important part of the mucociliary transport apparatus. To be effective i...
Primary cilia, thin hair-like structures protruding from the apical surface of most mammalian cells, have gained the attention of many researchers over the past decade. Primary cilia are microtubule-filled sensory organelles that are enclosed within...
The primary cilium provides cell sensory and signaling functions. Cilia structure and function are regulated by ciliogenesis-associated kinase 1 (CILK1). Ciliopathies caused by CILK1 mutations show longer cilia and abnormal Hedgehog signaling. Our st...
Over the past decade, primary cilia have emerged as the premier means by which cells sense and transduce mechanical stimuli. Primary cilia are sensory organelles that have been shown to be vitally involved in the mechanosensation of urine in the rena...
Paramecium has served as a model organism for the studies of many aspects of genetics and cell biology: non-Mendelian inheritance, genome duplication, genome rearrangements, and exocytosis, to name a few. However, the large number and patterning of c...
Cilia are biological structures essential to drive the mobility of secretions and maintain the proper function of the respiratory airways. However, this motile self-cleaning process is significantly compromised in the presence of silicone tracheal pr...
Humans breathe air into the respiratory system through the trachea, but with all the pollutants in our environment (both outside and inside), the air we breathe may not be clean. When that is so, the respiratory system secretes mucus to trap dirt tha...
Cilia are antenna-like structures present in many vertebrate cells. These organelles detect extracellular cues, transduce signals into the cell, and play an essential role in ensuring correct cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in a sp...
We investigated whether combined fluid shear stress (FSS) and melatonin stimulated signal transduction in cilia-less MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with chloral hydrate or nocodazole, and mechanotransduction sensor primary...
The formation of the embryonic left–right axis is a fundamental process in animals, which subsequently conditions both the shape and the correct positioning of internal organs. During vertebrate early development, a transient structure, known a...
When not dividing, many cell types target their centrosome to the plasma membrane, where it nucleates assembly of a primary cilium, an antenna-like signaling structure consisting of nine concentric microtubule pairs surrounded by membrane. Primary ci...
Cilia are antenna-like extensions of the plasma membrane found in nearly all cell types. In the retina of the eye, photoreceptors develop unique sensory cilia. Not much was known about the mechanisms underlying the formation and function of photorece...
Primary cilia biogenesis has been closely associated with cell cycle progression. Cilia assemble when cells exit the cell cycle and enter a quiescent stage at the post-mitosis phase, and disassemble before cells re-enter a new cell cycle. Studies hav...
The primary cilium is a microtubule-based sensory organelle that plays a critical role in signaling pathways and cell cycle progression. Defects in the structure and/or function of the primary cilium result in developmental diseases collectively know...
The primary cilium, an antenna-like structure on most eukaryotic cells, functions in transducing extracellular signals into intracellular responses via the receptors and ion channels distributed along it membrane. Dysfunction of this organelle causes...
Cilia are microtubule-based cellular projections that act as motile, sensory, and secretory organelles. These structures receive information from the environment and transmit downstream signals to the cell body. Cilia also release vesicular ectosomes...
The study of separating different sizes of particles through a microchannel has been an interest in recent years and the primary attention of this study is to isolate the particles to the specific outlets. The present work highly focuses on the desig...
Protozoans of the Phylum Ciliophora (ciliates) assemble many diverse microtubular structures in a single cell throughout the life cycle, a feature that made them useful models to study microtubule complexity and the role of tubulin isotypes. In the A...
The primary cilium is generally viewed as a sensory organelle that transduces chemical and mechanical stimuli from the environment. In the adult hippocampus, primary cilia mediate the effects of sonic hedgehog (Shh) and other signals on neurogenesis...
Cilia and flagella are highly conserved and important microtubule-based organelles that project from the surface of eukaryotic cells and act as antennae to sense extracellular signals. Moreover, cilia have emerged as key players in numerous physiolog...
Dysregulation of kinase signaling is associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity; consequently, the kinases involved have become major therapeutic targets. While kinase signaling pathways play cru...
In the thyroid gland, cysteine cathepsins are secreted upon thyrotropin stimulation for thyroglobulin processing, and they are present at the primary cilia of thyroid epithelial cells. Treatment with protease inhibitors resulted in the loss of cilia...
The wound healing response of fibroblasts critically depends on the primary cilium, a sensory organelle protruding into the environment and comprising a stable axonemal structure. A characteristic marker for primary cilia is acetylation of axonemal t...
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic and congenital disease associated with an abnormal ciliary ultrastructure and function and is estimated to affect 1 in 15,000–20,000 individuals. A PCD diagnosis can be achieved by genotyping. Here,...
The primary cilium, an antenna-like structure that protrudes out from the cell surface, is present in most cell types. It is a microtubule-based organelle that serves as a mega-signaling center and is important for sensing biochemical and mechanical...
Paramecium species, especially P. tetraurelia and caudatum, are model organisms for modern research into the form and function of cilia. In this review, we focus on the ciliary ion channels and other transmembrane proteins that control the beat frequ...
Primary cilia are essential sensory organelles that develop when an inhibitory cap consisting of CP110 and other proteins is eliminated. The degradation of CP110 by the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway mediated by NEURL4 and HYLS1 removes the i...
Orofaciodigital syndrome I (OFD1–MIM #311200) is a rare ciliopathy characterized by facial dysmorphism, oral cavity, digit, and brain malformations, and cognitive deficits. OFD1 syndrome is an X-linked dominant disorder reported mostly in femal...
Primary cilia are ubiquitous microtubule-based organelles that serve as signaling hubs for numerous developmental pathways, most notably the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Defects in the structure or function of primary cilia result in a class of diseases ca...
Primary cilia are nonmotile cellular signal-sensing antenna-like structures composed of microtubule-based structures that distinguish them from motile cilia in structure and function. Primary ciliogenesis is regulated by various cellular signals, suc...
Cilia and flagella are evolutionarily conserved, membrane-bound, microtubule-based organelles on the surface of most eukaryotic cells. They play important roles in coordinating a variety of signaling pathways during growth, development, cell mobility...
Cilia are microtubule-based structures projecting from the cell surface that perform diverse biological functions. Ciliary defects can cause a wide range of genetic disorders known collectively as ciliopathies. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins...
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