The human brain is characterised by the most diverse morphological, metabolic and functional structure among all body tissues. This is due to the existence of diverse neurons secreting various neurotransmitters and mutually modulating their own activ...
Background: SARS-CoV-2 related immunopathology may be the driving cause underlying severe COVID-19. Through an immunophenotyping analysis on paired bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood samples collected from mechanically ventilated patients...
Adipocytes derived from 3T3-L1 cells are a gold standard for analyses of adipogenesis processes and the metabolism of fat cells. A widely used histological and immunohistochemical staining and mass spectrometry lipidomics are mainly aimed for examini...
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) greatly suppresses HIV replication, lymphoid tissues remain a sanctuary site where the virus may replicate. Tracking the earliest steps of HIV spread from these cellular reservoirs after drug cessation is pivotal...
This paper discusses the potential of using lightweight nature-inspired cellular structured designs as energy absorbers in crashworthiness applications for electric vehicles (EV). As EVs are becoming popular with their increased battery capacity, the...
A common viral replication strategy is characterized by the assembly of intracellular compartments that concentrate factors needed for viral replication and simultaneously conceal the viral genome from host-defense mechanisms. Recently, various membr...
The objective of this work was to demonstrate how the extraction method affects the reliability of biomarker detection and how this detection depends on the biomarker location within the cell compartment. Different extraction methods were used to stu...
Understanding the genetic response of plants to nickel stress is a necessary step to improving the utility of plants in environmental remediation and restoration. The main objective of this study was to generate whole genome expression profiles of P....
Signaling and detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are important patho-physiologcal processes. Despite this, we lack comprehensive information on individual cells and cellular structures and functions affected by ROS, which is essential to...
Ischemic stroke is a primary origin of morbidity and mortality in the United States and around the world. Indeed, several research projects have attempted to discover new drugs or repurpose existing therapeutics to advance stroke pharmacotherapy. Man...
Calciprotein particles (CPPs) are indispensable scavengers of excessive Ca2+ and PO43− ions in blood, being internalised and recycled by liver and spleen macrophages, monocytes, and endothelial cells (ECs). Here, we performed a pathway enrichme...
Photorespiration, an essential component of plant metabolism, is concerted across four subcellular compartments, namely, chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondrion, and the cytoplasm. It is unclear how the pathway located in different subcellular compart...
Several years ago, we detected the formation of multicellular spheroids in experiments with human thyroid cancer cells cultured on the Random Positioning Machine (RPM), a ground-based model to simulate microgravity by continuously changing the orient...
Adipose tissue has been classified based on its morphology and function as white, brown, or beige/brite. It plays an essential role as a regulator of systemic metabolism through paracrine and endocrine signals. Recently, multiple adipocyte subtypes h...
To accurately simulate realistic pedestrian evacuation from a fire, a cellular automaton model of the dynamic changes in pedestrian movement parameters is developed in conjunction with fire dynamics software. The fire dynamics software is used to sim...
The remediation of copper and nickel-afflicted sites is challenged by the different physiological effects imposed by each metal on a given plant system. Pinus banksiana is resilient against copper and nickel, providing an opportunity to build a valua...
Eukaryotic cells are subdivided into membrane-bound compartments specialized in different cellular functions and requiring dedicated sets of proteins. Although cells developed compartment-specific mechanisms for protein quality control, chaperones an...
Autophagy is a highly conserved eukaryotic pathway responsible for the lysosomal degradation (and subsequent recycling) of cellular components such as proteins, protein aggregates, and a growing number of organelles or cellular compartments [...]
The diverse functions of proteins depend on their proper three-dimensional folding and assembly. Misfolded cellular proteins can potentially harm cells by forming aggregates in their resident compartments that can interfere with vital cellular proces...
There exist two opposing perspectives regarding reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their roles in angiogenesis and cardiovascular system, one that favors harmful and causal effects of ROS, while the other supports beneficial effects. Recent studies ha...
Contemporary biological cells are highly sophisticated dynamic compartment systems which separate an internal volume from the external medium through a boundary, which controls, in complex ways, the exchange of matter and energy between the cell’s in...
Polyphosphoinositides (PPIns) are a family of seven lipid messengers that regulate a vast array of signalling pathways to control cell proliferation, migration, survival and differentiation. PPIns are differentially present in various sub-cellular co...
Biological barriers are both cellular and enzymatic interfaces between different compartments of a living organism [...]
As viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites, any step during their life cycle strictly depends on successful interaction with their particular host cells. In particular, their interaction with cellular membranes is of crucial importance for mos...
RNAs have been shown to exhibit differential enrichment between nuclear, cytoplasmic, and exosome fractions. A current fundamental question asks why non-coding RNA partition into different spatial compartments. We report on the analysis of cellular c...
During the evolution of the RNA World, compartments, which were fragments of space surrounded by a primitive lipid membrane, had to have emerged. These led eventually to the formation of modern cellular membranes. Inside these compartments, another p...
Osteoarthritis involves complex interactions between articular joint tissues and the immune system, which is implicated in molecular trafficking via barrier-function modulating cytokines. The current study aims to test effects of an acute spike in TN...
Nitric oxide (NO), a simple yet remarkably versatile molecule, stands today as a pivotal player in virtually all body systems and cellular compartments [...]
Two-photon microscopy enables monitoring cellular dynamics and communication in complex systems, within a genuine environment, such as living tissues and, even, living organisms. Particularly, its application to understand cellular interactions in th...
The innate immune response to viral pathogens is critical in order to mobilize protective immunity. Cells of the innate immune system detect viral infection largely through germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) present either on the c...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized as important signaling compounds of major importance in a number of developmental and physiological processes in plants. The existence of cellular compartments enables efficient redox compartmentaliz...
The mobility of cellular prion protein (PrPC) in specific cell membrane domains and among distinct cell compartments dictates its molecular interactions and directs its cell function. PrPC works in concert with several partners to organize signaling...
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs) play vital roles in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, survival, and consequently metabolism, as well as in the cellular response to stresses such as ionizing radiation or redox changes...
Adenosine 5′-triphosphate, or ATP, is the primary molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells. ATP is mainly produced via oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, and to a lesser extent, via glycolysis in the cytosol. In general, cy...
Neuronal polarity established in developing neurons ensures proper function in the mature nervous system. As functionally distinct cellular compartments, axons and dendrites often require different subsets of proteins to maintain synaptic transmissio...
Over the millions of years-long co-evolution with their hosts, viruses have evolved plenty of mechanisms through which they are able to escape cellular anti-viral defenses and utilize cellular pathways and organelles for replication and production of...
The creation of artificial cells is an immensely challenging task in science. Artificial cells contribute to revealing the mechanisms of biological systems and deepening our understanding of them. The progress of versatile biological research fields...
Most DNA viruses must amplify their DNA to form new viral particles. To kickstart their DNA amplification, herpesviruses alter the host cell cycle dynamics by halting G1/S progression. Soon after, the viruses begin amplifying their DNA and halt any d...
The replication of species A rotaviruses (RVAs) involves the recruitment of and interaction with cellular organelles’ lipid droplets (LDs), both physically and functionally. The inhibition of enzymes involved in the cellular fatty acid biosynth...
Fires in large compartments tend to burn locally and to move across the floor over a period of time; this particular behaviour has been discovered to challenge the assumption of uniform gas temperature in the fire compartment. Recent studies on fires...
The proper assembly and dissemination of progeny virions is a fundamental step in virus replication. As a whole, viruses have evolved a myriad of strategies to exploit cellular compartments and mechanisms to ensure a successful round of infection. Fo...
Previous studies demonstrated an important role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetic patients due to hyperglycemia. CVD remains the leading cause of premature death in the western world. Therefore, diabe...
The mitochondrion has a unique position among other cellular organelles due to its dynamic properties and symbiotic nature, which is reflected in an active exchange of metabolites and cofactors between the rest of the intracellular compartments. The...
The indirect immobilisation of Jagged-1 (Jagged-1) promoted osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPs). Furthermore, the analysis of the Reactome pathway of RNA sequencing data indicates the upregulated genes involved with the extra...
Cellular compartmentalization plays an essential role in organizing the complex and multiple biochemical reactions in the cell. An artificial compartment would provide powerful strategies to develop new biochemical tools for material production and d...
Mitochondria play a critical role in providing energy, maintaining cellular metabolism, and regulating cell survival and death. To carry out these crucial functions, mitochondria employ more than 1500 proteins, distributed between two membranes and t...
In the literature, diffusion studies of cell systems are usually limited to two water pools that are associated with the extracellular space and the entire interior of the cell. Therefore, the time-dependent diffusion coefficient contains information...
Plus-stranded RNA viruses recruit cellular vesicles and co-opt cellular proteins involved in cellular metabolism and lipid biosynthesis to build viral replicase complexes (VRCs) within the large viral replication compartments. We use tombusviruses (T...
Repeated cocaine exposure produces an enhanced locomotor response (sensitization) paralleled by biological adaptations in the brain. Previous studies demonstrated region-specific responsivity of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)...
Radiation therapy is the most effective non-surgical treatment of primary brain tumors and metastases. Preclinical studies have provided valuable insights into pathogenesis of radiation-induced injury to the central nervous system. Radiation-induced...
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