Many medical imaging data, especially the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, usually have a small sample size, but a large number of features. How to reduce effectively the data dimension and locate accurately the biomarkers from such kinds of da...
Constitutional deletions of chromosome 1q42 region are rare. The phenotype spectrum associated with this copy number change is variable, including developmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures, and dysmorphology. This study describes a patie...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a common imaging technique used extensively to study human brain activities. Recently, it has been used for scanning the fetal brain. Amongst 1000 pregnant women, 3 of them have fetuses with brain abnormality. Henc...
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a functional brain imaging technique with high temporal resolution compared with techniques that rely on metabolic coupling. MEG has an important role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, especially in mild TBI, w...
Background/Objectives: Headache is one of the most common neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19, affecting approximately 25% of patients. While most headaches resolve within weeks, some persist for months, suggesting underlying structural br...
Mutations in the EPM2A and EPM2B genes, encoding laforin and malin proteins respectively, are responsible for Lafora disease, a fatal form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy with autosomal recessive inheritance. Neuroimaging studies of patients with L...
Space flight has many adverse effects on the physiological functions of astronauts. Certain similarities have been observed in some physiological processes of rodents and astronauts in space, although there are also differences. These similarities ma...
Even though many previous studies have reported structural or functional brain abnormalities in patients with alcohol dependence (ADPs), studies observing the structural and functional abnormalities associated with the clinical characteristics of ADP...
Brain morphological abnormalities are common in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and other neuropsychiatric disorders, often reflecting abnormal brain development and function. Genetic studies have found common genetic factors in NDD...
Background: Cluster epilepsy related to PCDH19 is a rare X-linked disorder that mainly affects females. Atypical presentations, such as infantile spasms, are exceptionally rare, leading to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Case Summary: An 8-mon...
Background: Early identification of brain dysfunction in preterm infants remains challenging because cranial ultrasonography (CUS) may not capture early neurophysiological abnormalities. Serum S100B has been proposed as a marker of neonatal brain inj...
Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the potential influence of abnormalities detected through carotid–vertebral ultrasonography and brain MRI on pure-tone averages (PTAs) and the frequency and intensity of tinnitus. Methods: 423 participant...
The role of invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) remain unclear. Perfusion computed tomography (CTP) provides crucial information about the cerebral perfusion status in these patients....
Having a parent with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias confers a risk for developing these types of neurocognitive disorders in old age, but the mechanisms underlying this risk are understudied. Although the hippocampus is often on...
Purpose: To analyze the structural changes in the brain related to combined hearing and vision loss in patients with Usher syndrome (USH) obtained by 7 Tesla MRI. Methods: Twenty patients with a diagnosis of USH and fifteen normal age- and gender-mat...
Background/Objectives: Dizziness is a frequent medical complaint with neurological, otolaryngological, and psychological origins. Imaging studies such as CT (Computer Tomography), cervical X-rays, and ultrasound aid diagnosis, while MRI (Magnetic Res...
Used as a supplement to psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy that addresses all of the known metabolic and genetic contributions to the pathogenesis of psychiatric conditions caused by stressors would require an inordinate number of drugs. Far simpler is t...
Objectives: The purpose was to quantitatively examine brain structures using 7 Tesla MRI in the presence of visual loss caused by retinitis pigmentosa (RP) related to retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene pathogenic variants. Methods: Twe...
This study proposes a video-based approach for quantitatively evaluating upper-limb joint abnormalities in individuals with brain lesions during resistance exercises. While the Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA) is a reliable clinical tool, its use is...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease in which prolonged, non-resolutive inflammation of the lung may lead to metabolic and neuroendocrine dysfunction. Previous studies have reported that individuals coursing pulmonary TB experience cogni...
The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased more than twofold over the last thirty years. T2DM is associated with multiple complications, among which diabetic encephalopathy and accompanying cognitive impairment have drawn...
Background/Objectives: Fidgety movements are established markers of early neurological function in preterm infants. However, associated biological and neonatal factors remain insufficiently understood, particularly in infants without major structural...
Network motif analysis approaches provide insights into the complexity of the brain’s functional network. In recent years, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been reported to result in abnormal information interactions in macro...
The aim of this study is to investigate whether it is possible to detect future behavioral and emotional problems in extremely low-birth-weight infants by evaluating the neonatal head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a scoring system. This stud...
Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are often associated with significant neurocognitive impairment and neurological delay. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between type of CHD and Doppler velocimetry and to investigate the possi...
This study proposes a novel brain-region-level aging assessment paradigm based on Shapley value interpretation, aiming to overcome the interpretability limitations of traditional brain age prediction models. Although deep-learning-based brain age pre...
Background and Objectives: Neuroimaging reveals a link between psychiatric conditions and brain structural–functional changes, prompting a paradigm shift in viewing schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder. This study aims to identify and...
Long- or post-COVID-19 syndrome, which is also designated by WHO as Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC), is characterized by the persistent symptoms that remain after recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. A worldwide consortium of Long COVID-19 Host Genetics...
Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a prevalent neurological condition that results in various physical, emotional, and cognitive impairments. The most common are visual impairments, which affect vision’s perceptual, motor, and se...
Various neurodegenerative disorders are associated with human NTE/PNPLA6 dysfunction. Mechanisms of neuropathogenesis in these diseases are far from clearly elucidated. Hereditary spastic paraplegia belongs to a type of neurodegeneration associated w...
30 April 2021
Neonatal brain injury or neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a significant morbidity and mortality factor in preterm and full-term newborns. NE has an incidence in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 per 1000 live births carrying a considerable burden for neurologic...
Recently, genuine motor abnormalities have been recognized as prodromal and predictive signs of psychosis onset and progression. Therefore, physical exercise could represent a potentially relevant clinical tool in promoting the reshaping of neural co...
The study of brainwaves and brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) or brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) has emerged as a transformative field with the potential to revolutionize society’s well-being. This technical paper delves into the mul...
Anti-amyloid therapy (AAT) with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) modestly slow cognitive and functional decline in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, both the magnitude of clinical benefit and the risk of treatment-related complications vary...
Background/Objectives: Hypoxic brain damage and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are strongly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, adverse behavioral outcomes, and increased risk of bipolar disorder. This case study evaluates the neurolo...
Levodopa remains the primary drug for controlling motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease through the whole course, but over time, complications develop in the form of dyskinesias, which gradually become more frequent and severe. These abnormal, involu...
Brain tumors are highly heterogeneous and have been classified by the World Health Organization in various histological and molecular subtypes. Gliomas have been classified as ranging from low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas to high-grade a...
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder with unclear etiology and pathological features. Neuroscientists are increasingly proposing that schizophrenia is an abnormality in the dynamic organization of brain networks. Previous studies have...
In pathological brain conditions, glial cells become reactive and show a variety of responses. We examined Ca2+ signals in pathological brains and found that reactive astrocytes share abnormal Ca2+ signals, even in different types of diseases. In a n...
Abnormalities in autophagy are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like lesions. Studies have shown that exercise can significantly improve AD autophagy abnormalities, but the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. APN not o...
Background: Deoxynivalenol (DON) poses a threat to animal and human health, particularly causing damage to the nervous system. Intestinal flora can regulate the nervous system through the gut–brain axis; however, there is currently a lack of ev...
Functional differences in key brain networks, including the dorsal attention network (DAN), control network (CN), and default mode network (DMN), have been identified in individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the precise...
A case of vertical transmission in a 35-year-old pregnant woman, gravida 4, para 2 with an unknown medical history of carrying primary syphilis is described. A routine 3rd trimester scan was performed at 30 + 5 weeks of pregnancy, which revealed feta...
We developed a model that classifies normal and abnormal brain MRI images. This study initially referenced a small-scale real patient dataset (98 normal and 155 abnormal MRI images) provided by the National Institute of Aging (NIA) to illustrate the...
Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) studies have shown abnormalities in the brain structure of ASD patients, but the relationship between structural changes and social communication problems is still unclear. This study aims to explore the s...
Social isolation is known to cause a variety of behavioural abnormalities in many different species. Here we perform a detailed behavioural analysis of how chronic social deprivation alters behaviours in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, within...
In recent years, medical image analysis has played a vital role in detecting diseases in their early stages. Medical images are rapidly becoming available for various applications to solve human problems. Therefore, complex medical features are neede...
Background: Brain MRI in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is generally considered when additional neurologic, developmental, or syndromic concerns warrant structural evaluation. In the study practice, ASD alone was not used as the reason...
The X-chromosome-linked cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM), a glycoprotein mainly expressed by neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems, has been implicated in many neural processes, including neuronal migration and survival, neuritogenes...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental illness globally, yet its etiology remains largely elusive. Recent interest in the scientific community has focused on the correlation between the disruption of iron homeostasis and MDD. Prior stu...
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