238 Results Found

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained arrhythmia worldwide and is now increasingly regarded as a disease of chronic inflammation and progressive atrial fibrosis. Understanding of molecular mechanisms that mediate the linkage betwee...

ADP/ATP carriers (AACs) are mitochondrial transport proteins playing a strategic role in maintaining the respiratory chain activity, fueling the cell with ATP, and also regulating mitochondrial apoptosis. To understand if AACs might represent a new m...

The accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in bone and cartilage leads to progressive damage in cartilage that, in turn, reduces bone growth by the destruction of the growth plate, incomplete ossification, and growth imbalance. The mechanisms of p...

Background: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and Takotsubo syndrome (TS) are two distinct cardiac conditions that both result in sudden loss of cardiac dysfunction and that are difficult to distinguish clinically. This study compared plasma...

Bone represents a metabolically active tissue subject to continuous remodeling orchestrated by the dynamic interplay between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. These cellular processes are modulated by a complex interplay of biochemical and mechanical fact...

The present study provides a detailed review of cardiovascular biomarkers critical for the diagnosis, prognosis, and pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. These biomarkers aid in detecting di...

Laryngeal cancer is a common head and neck malignant cancer type. However, effective biomarkers for diagnosis are lacking and pathogenesis is unclear. Lipidomics is a powerful tool for identifying biomarkers and explaining disease mechanisms. Hence,...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare subtype of group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH) diseases, characterized by high pulmonary artery pressure leading to right ventricular dysfunction and potential life-threatening consequences. PAH involve...

Background: Changes in the positions of teeth occur during orthodontic treatment due to the application of forces that cause restructuring of the periodontal tissue. In the last decade, substantial research has been conducted to detect different biom...

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis is the most common form of hereditary amyloidosis, with an autosomal dominant inheritance and a variable penetrance. ATTRv amyloidosis can present as a progressive, axonal sensory autonomic and motor neuropathy or...

Prostate cancer (PCa), the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide, is particularly challenging for oncologists when a precise prognosis needs to be established. Indeed, the entire clinical management in PCa has important drawbacks, generatin...

Cardiac function is closely related to heart metabolism. Heart failure patients undergoing LVAD support have shown varying degrees of remodeling of both cardiac function and morphology. However, the metabolic changes in patients with different outcom...

Biochemical bone turnover markers (BTMs) provide important information on the diagnosis, therapy and monitoring of metabolic bone diseases. They are evident before measurable changes in bone mineral density (BMD) take place. A total of 35 adult Saudi...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by bone loss and altered bone remodeling, resulting into reduction of bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fractures. Identification of specific biomarkers and/or causative factors of diabetic bone f...

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the concentration of N-terminal type I collagen extension pro-peptide (PINP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP), and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in saliva during orthodontic t...

Heart failure (HF) remains a major global health challenge defined by the inability of the heart to adequately meet systemic metabolic requirements. While ventricular dysfunction has traditionally been the primary focus in both conceptual and clinica...

Atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM) represents a constantly evolving concept, with increasing importance in contemporary research and clinical practice. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in atrial remodeling and its clinical correlations espe...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic, tissue-specific network that integrates biochemical and mechanical cues to regulate cell behavior and organ homeostasis. Increasing evidence indicates that dysregulated ECM remodeling is an upstream driver...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver malignancy, usually develops in patients with cirrhosis, yet the metabolic mechanisms that distinguish the two conditions remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore metabolic dy...

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway and is characterized by airway remodeling, hyperresponsiveness, and shortness of breath. Modified Kushen Gancao Formula (mKG), derived from traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCM), has been d...

Heat stress significantly impairs dairy cow health and productivity, highlighting the need to understand the gut microbiome–metabolite interactions that contribute to heat tolerance. Here, we integrated metagenomic sequencing and untargeted met...

Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation (CLGI) is a non-overt inflammatory state characterized by a continuous activation of inflammation mediators associated with metabolic diseases. It has been linked to the overconsumption of Advanced Glycation End-Product...

Background: White adipose tissue (WAT) browning confers beneficial effects on metabolic diseases. However, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is not as susceptible to browning as subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Aim: Interpreting the heterogeneity of VA...

Embryonic genetic mechanisms are present in the brain and ready to be placed into action upon cellular injury, termed the response to injury wound-healing (RTIWH) mechanism. When injured, regional brain endothelial cells initially undergo activation...

During pregnancy, uterine circulation undergoes profound structural and functional adaptations to accommodate the dramatically increased metabolic demands of the growing fetus. Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation have emerged as central regulators...

Background: Cardiometabolic syndromes, including diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, significantly contribute to cardiovascular fibrosis, a major driver of heart failure. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)—notably microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-codi...

Fatty acids, as structural components of membranes and inflammation/anti-inflammatory mediators, have well-known protective and regulatory effects. They are studied as biomarkers of pathological conditions, as well as saturated and unsaturated hydrop...

In recent years, Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl/IL-41) and Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) have emerged as multifunctional molecules that play roles in immunity, metabolism and tissue remodeling. Although they demonstrate pleiotropic effects, they are prom...

Cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome represents an integrated clinical and molecular continuum encompassing metabolic dysfunction, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. This multidimensional disorder arises from interdependent biologic...

With its complicated pathophysiology, high incidence and prevalence, heart failure remains a major public concern. In hopes of improving diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, the utility of many different biomarkers is researched vigorously around the...

Background/objectives: Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful systems-biology tool for deciphering dynamic metabolic alterations occurring during infectious diseases and following vaccination. While genomics and proteomics provide extensive molecular...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a progressive spectrum of metabolic liver injury in which immune activation, metabolic stress, and stromal remodeling evolve in a tightly interdependent manner. Although earl...

Specific proteins and processes have been identified in post-myocardial infarction (MI) pathological remodeling, but a comprehensive understanding of the complete molecular evolution is lacking. We generated microarray data from swine heart biopsies...

Bladder cancer (BC) represents a clinical, social, and economic challenge due to tumor-intrinsic characteristics, limitations of diagnostic techniques and a lack of personalized treatments. In the last decade, the use of liquid biopsy has grown as a...

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment paradigm for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), establishing them as the cornerstone of systemic therapy for advanced stages of the disease. Nonetheless, the response rat...

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a systemic disorder characterized not only by glomerular dysfunction but also by profound dysregulation of lipid metabolism and microvascular integrity. Adipose tissue, as a central lipid-handling and endocrine organ, under...

Background: Early identification of irreversible pulmonary vascular remodeling in congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (C-PAH) is critical for optimizing surgical timing. Current noninvasive diagnostic methods are inade...

Selenium (Se) and manganese (Mn) are essential micronutrients that are important elements of cell metabolism. They are involved in the composition of enzyme systems and regulate enzyme activity. Disturbances in the homeostasis of these micronutrients...

This study assesses the utility of early biomarkers—5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)—for diagnosing and monitoring pulmonary hypertension (PH) in children with congenital heart defects (CHD). Du...

The hypothalamus orchestrates systemic homeostasis by integrating neuroendocrine, autonomic, and immune–metabolic functions. In this review, we synthesize evidence that hypothalamic microglia act as dual hubs along a periphery–central&nda...

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant neoplasm in men in the Western world. Localized low-risk PCa has an excellent prognosis thanks to effective local treatments; however, despite the incorporation of new therapeutic strateg...

Maintaining muscle health is essential for preserving mobility, independence, and quality of life with age. As muscle mass and function decline, the risk of frailty, chronic disease, and disability increases. Sarcopenia, characterized by the progress...

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious pulmonary vascular disease. Vascular remodeling, metabolic reprogramming, inflammation, and fibrosis are all major pathogenic mechanisms in PH. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs, about 20–24 nucleotides...

Leishmania parasites cause leishmaniasis, one of the most epidemiologically important neglected tropical diseases. Leishmania exhibits a high ability of developing drug resistance, and drug resistance is one of the main threats to public health, as i...

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease for which a cure is still needed. Growth hormone (GH) therapy has shown positive effects on the exercise behavior of mice with cerebellar atrophy, retains more Purkinje cells...

Iron is essential in oxygen transport and participates in many enzymatic systems in the body, with important roles in collagen synthesis and vitamin D metabolism. The relationship between iron and bone health comes from clinical observations in iron...

Obesity represents a global medical and social challenge characterized by pathological accumulation of adipose tissue as a result of complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. Recent studies have highlighted the pivota...

Osteoarthritis (OA) in the trapeziometacarpal joint (TM) is a prevalent form of hand OA, yet research on biomarkers specific to hand OA remains limited. This study aims to identify systemic plasma biomarkers at baseline in TM OA patients that are ass...

Physical exercise has been associated with the modulation of micro RNAs (miRNAs), actively released in body fluids and recognized as accurate biomarkers. The aim of this study was to measure serum miRNA profiles in 18 horses taking part in endurance...

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and dysregulation of glucose metabolism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) such as miR-4428 and miR-185-5p play critical roles in post-transcriptional regulation of...