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Review

When Genes Wear Marks: Epigenomic Modulation in the Development and Progression of Obesity

by
Alexandra F. Nikolaeva
1,*,
Marina V. Nemtsova
2,
Anna V. Pustovalova
1 and
Vladimir O. Sigin
1
1
Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia
2
Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(16), 8067; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168067 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 4 August 2025 / Revised: 19 August 2025 / Accepted: 19 August 2025 / Published: 20 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fat and Obesity: Molecular Mechanisms and Pathogenesis)

Abstract

Obesity represents a global medical and social challenge characterized by pathological accumulation of adipose tissue as a result of complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of this condition, including abnormal DNA methylation of metabolic genes, dysregulation of microRNAs, and chromatin remodeling. These modifications are reversible and can be modulated by dietary, behavioral, and pharmacological interventions. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of tissue-specific epigenetic alterations identified not only in adipocytes and hepatocytes but also in peripheral blood cells, offering promising opportunities for the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and targeted epigenetic therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: obesity; epigenetics; DNA methylation; microRNAs; chromatin modifications obesity; epigenetics; DNA methylation; microRNAs; chromatin modifications

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Nikolaeva, A.F.; Nemtsova, M.V.; Pustovalova, A.V.; Sigin, V.O. When Genes Wear Marks: Epigenomic Modulation in the Development and Progression of Obesity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 8067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168067

AMA Style

Nikolaeva AF, Nemtsova MV, Pustovalova AV, Sigin VO. When Genes Wear Marks: Epigenomic Modulation in the Development and Progression of Obesity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(16):8067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168067

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nikolaeva, Alexandra F., Marina V. Nemtsova, Anna V. Pustovalova, and Vladimir O. Sigin. 2025. "When Genes Wear Marks: Epigenomic Modulation in the Development and Progression of Obesity" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 16: 8067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168067

APA Style

Nikolaeva, A. F., Nemtsova, M. V., Pustovalova, A. V., & Sigin, V. O. (2025). When Genes Wear Marks: Epigenomic Modulation in the Development and Progression of Obesity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(16), 8067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26168067

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