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811 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
9,392 Views
15 Pages

A Survey of Binary Code Similarity Detection Techniques

  • Liting Ruan,
  • Qizhen Xu,
  • Shunzhi Zhu,
  • Xujing Huang and
  • Xinyang Lin

Binary Code Similarity Detection is a method that involves comparing two or more binary code segments to identify their similarities and differences. This technique plays a crucial role in areas such as software security, vulnerability detection, and...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Machine Learning Applications for Security, Privacy, and Reliability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,091 Views
21 Pages

HEBCS: A High-Efficiency Binary Code Search Method

  • Xiangjie Sun,
  • Qiang Wei,
  • Jiang Du and
  • Yisen Wang

16 August 2023

Binary code search is a technique that involves finding code with similarity to a given code within a code database. It finds extensive application in scenarios such as vulnerability queries and code defect analysis. While many existing methods emplo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,374 Views
14 Pages

2 December 2022

Binary code similarity measurement is a popular research area in binary analysis with the recent development of deep learning-based models. Current state-of-the-art methods often use the pre-trained language model (PTLM) to embed instructions into ba...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,276 Views
18 Pages

Codeformer: A GNN-Nested Transformer Model for Binary Code Similarity Detection

  • Guangming Liu,
  • Xin Zhou,
  • Jianmin Pang,
  • Feng Yue,
  • Wenfu Liu and
  • Junchao Wang

Binary code similarity detection is used to calculate the code similarity of a pair of binary functions or files, through a certain calculation method and judgment method. It is a fundamental task in the field of computer binary security. Traditional...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI in Cybersecurity)
  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,418 Views
18 Pages

A Review of Deep Learning-Based Binary Code Similarity Analysis

  • Jiang Du,
  • Qiang Wei,
  • Yisen Wang and
  • Xiangjie Sun

16 November 2023

Against the backdrop of highly developed software engineering, code reuse has been widely recognized as an effective strategy to significantly alleviate the burden of development and enhance productivity. However, improper code citation could lead to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI in Cybersecurity, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,953 Views
8 Pages

30 August 2019

Batching is a well-known method used to estimate the variance of the sample mean in steady-state simulation. Dynamic batching is a novel technique employed to implement traditional batch means estimators without the knowledge of the simulation run le...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,802 Views
23 Pages

28 August 2025

With the rapid growth of software scale, binary code similarity detection is of great significance in security analysis tasks, such as malicious code detection and vulnerability mining. However, due to differences in instruction sets and inconsistent...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,909 Views
22 Pages

11 September 2023

Binary code similarity detection (BCSD) plays a crucial role in various computer security applications, including vulnerability detection, malware detection, and software component analysis. With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), there...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue IoT Network Security)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,769 Views
9 Pages

By using one-bit binary patterns instead of eight-bit sinusoidal ones, the binary defocusing techniques have been widely applied for high-speed 3D shape measurement. As projector defocusing is required, the phase unwrapping process of these technique...

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,557 Views
14 Pages

16 September 2025

The widespread integration of third-party components (TPCs) in Internet of Things (IoT) firmware significantly increases the risk of software vulnerabilities, especially in resource-constrained devices deployed in sensitive environments. Binary Code...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,401 Views
23 Pages

7 April 2025

Recent advances in graph neural networks have transformed structural pattern learning in domains ranging from social network analysis to biomolecular modeling. Nevertheless, practical deployments in mission-critical scenarios such as binary code simi...

(This article belongs to the Section Information Theory, Probability and Statistics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,464 Views
22 Pages

28 November 2023

Binary code similarity detection (BCSD) plays a vital role in computer security and software engineering. Traditional BCSD methods heavily rely on specific features and necessitate rich expert knowledge, which are sensitive to code alterations. To im...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for Cybersecurity Threats, Challenges, and Opportunities III)
  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,061 Views
15 Pages

19 August 2018

A model of signal transduction from the perspective of informational thermodynamics has been reported in recent studies, and several important achievements have been obtained. The first achievement is that signal transduction can be modelled as a bin...

(This article belongs to the Section Information Theory, Probability and Statistics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,432 Views
17 Pages

26 November 2021

As satellite observation technology rapidly develops, the number of remote sensing (RS) images dramatically increases, and this leads RS image retrieval tasks to be more challenging in terms of speed and accuracy. Recently, an increasing number of re...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning and Computer Vision in Remote Sensing)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
898 Views
14 Pages

An Algebraic Method for Constructing Bases in Binary Linear Codes for Information Dispersal Algorithms

  • Oscar Casimiro-Muñoz,
  • Ricardo Marcelín-Jiménez,
  • Rubén Vázquez-Medina and
  • Leonardo Palacios-Luengas

24 March 2026

The algebraic analysis of linear code parameters reveals deep connections with cryptographic constructions, including the Information Dispersal Algorithms (IDAs) and secret-sharing schemes. In this work, we propose an algebraic method for constructin...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematics for Algebraic Coding Theory and Cryptography)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,881 Views
15 Pages

Free Resolutions and Generalized Hamming Weights of Binary Linear Codes

  • Ignacio García-Marco,
  • Irene Márquez-Corbella,
  • Edgar Martínez-Moro and
  • Yuriko Pitones

15 June 2022

In this work, we explore the relationship between the graded free resolution of some monomial ideals and the Generalized Hamming Weights (GHWs) of binary codes. More precisely, we look for a structure that is smaller than the set of codewords of mini...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combinatorics and Computation in Commutative Algebra)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,947 Views
24 Pages

23 April 2021

Monomial codes were recently equipped with partial order relations, a fact that allowed researchers to discover structural properties and efficient algorithm for constructing polar codes. Here, we refine the existing order relations in the particular...

(This article belongs to the Section Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,525 Views
10 Pages

17 December 2024

In this article, we showcase PSL(3,4) as the automorphism group for a specific class of three linear binary codes, C1, C2 and C3, with dimension 9. The demonstration involves leveraging the action of the group PSL(3,4), represented by invertible matr...

(This article belongs to the Section E: Applied Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,902 Views
18 Pages

15 April 2021

One-hot encoding is the prevalent method used in neural networks to represent multi-class categorical data. Its success stems from its ease of use and interpretability as a probability distribution when accompanied by a softmax activation function. H...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,123 Views
21 Pages

Bit-Level Construction for Multiplicative-Repetition-Based Non-Binary Polar Codes

  • Rongchi Xu,
  • Peiyao Chen,
  • Ling Liu,
  • Min Zhu and
  • Baoming Bai

2 April 2025

In this paper, we discuss non-binary polar codes using a 2×2 matrix over a Galois field GF(2q) as the kernel. Conventional construction of non-binary polar codes divides the synthesized channels into frozen channels and information channels. Ea...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modern Channel Coding)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
745 Views
15 Pages

1 January 2026

The problem of the existence of optimal (v,k,1) binary cyclically permutable constant-weight (CPCW) codes has been completely solved for codeword weights k<5. We consider the smallest open cases, namely k=5 and k=6. We present such codes for small...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Algebra, Coding Theory and Cryptography: Theory and Applications, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
262 Views
17 Pages

11 September 2026

We derive necessary conditions for the existence of optimal (k(k−1)s+2,k,1) binary cyclically permutable constant weight codes with length divisible by 2n, where n≥2. This is achieved by counting in different ways the pairs of points in the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Algebra, Coding Theory and Cryptography: Theory and Applications, 3rd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3,354 Views
19 Pages

11 October 2022

This paper reveals the hidden dangers of reverse data modifications on distributed software with network synchronization, during the era of 5G, which may occur in more important domains, such as telemedicine and automatic driving. We used pseudo-code...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
8,270 Views
24 Pages

30 June 2016

Scene classification of high-resolution remote sensing (HRRS) imagery is an important task in the intelligent processing of remote sensing images and has attracted much attention in recent years. Although the existing scene classification methods, e....

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,644 Views
17 Pages

17 December 2020

Short or moderate-length non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes have the potential applications in future low latency and high-reliability communication thanks to the strong error correction capability and parallel decoding. Because of t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Low-Latency Communications: Protocols, Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,697 Views
15 Pages

22 November 2019

High-order modulations are necessary to improve the bandwidth efficiency of the satellite communication system. However, the non-linear characteristic of satellite channels limits the application of high-order modulations. In this paper, we propose a...

(This article belongs to the Collection Millimeter and Terahertz Wireless Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
50 Citations
5,523 Views
16 Pages

12 January 2022

A fuel metering valve actuated by two binary-coded digital valve arrays (BDVAs) is proposed to improve the reliability of conventional fuel metering valves piloted by a servo valve. The design concept of this configuration is obtained from the struct...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Control of Industrial Electro-Hydraulic Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,770 Views
15 Pages

3 January 2023

Parameter estimation is extremely important for a radar jammer. With binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signals widely applied in radar systems, estimating the parameters of BPSK signals has attracted increasing attention. However, the BPSK signal is d...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Radar Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,400 Views
18 Pages

24 September 2025

Binary code similarity detection (BCSD) plays an important role in software security. Recent deep learning-based methods have made great progress. Existing methods based on a single feature, such as semantics or graph structure, struggle to handle ch...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,820 Views
22 Pages

2 July 2024

Gravitational waves produced by binary neutron star mergers offer a unique window into matter behavior under extreme conditions. In this context, we analytically model the effect of matter on gravitational waves from binary neutron star mergers. We s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,892 Views
14 Pages

3 September 2020

It is an important issue to search for self-orthogonal codes for construction of quantum codes by CSS construction (Calderbank-Sho-Steane codes); in quantum error correction, CSS codes are a special type of stabilizer codes constructed from classical...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Codes, Designs, Cryptography and Optimization)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,503 Views
11 Pages

Some Results on Self-Complementary Linear Codes

  • Maria Pashinska-Gadzheva,
  • Iliya Bouyukliev and
  • Valentin Bakoev

14 December 2023

Binary codes have a special place in coding theory since they are one of the most commonly used in practice. There are classes of codes specific only to the binary case. One such class is self-complementary codes. Self-complementary linear codes are...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Application of Algebraic Combinatorics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,476 Views
12 Pages

13 July 2018

Binary self-dual codes and additive self-dual codes over GF(4) contain common points. Both have Type I codes and Type II codes, as well as shadow codes. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive description of extremal and near-extremal Type I codes...

(This article belongs to the Section Information Theory and Methodology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,447 Views
16 Pages

Error Exponents of LDPC Codes under Low-Complexity Decoding

  • Pavel Rybin,
  • Kirill Andreev and
  • Victor Zyablov

22 February 2021

This paper deals with the specific construction of binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We derive lower bounds on the error exponents for these codes transmitted over the memoryless binary symmetric channel (BSC) for both the well-known maxi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Information Theory for Channel Coding)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,777 Views
22 Pages

Optimal Linear Codes and Their Hulls

  • Stefka Bouyuklieva and
  • Mariya Dzhumalieva-Stoeva

2 August 2025

The hull of a linear code C is the intersection of C with its dual code. The goal is to study the dimensions of the hulls of optimal binary and ternary linear codes for a given length and dimension. The focus is on the lengths at which self-orthogona...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematics for Algebraic Coding Theory and Cryptography)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,091 Views
27 Pages

14 September 2024

Integrating coastal topographic and bathymetric data for creating regional seamless topobathymetric digital elevation models of the land/water interface presents a complex challenge due to the spatial and temporal gaps in data acquisitions. The Coast...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Source Data Observations of Shallow Water Area — Methods, Ecosystem, Geomorphology and Environment)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,051 Views
16 Pages

The hash method can convert high-dimensional data into simple binary code, which has the advantages of fast speed and small storage capacity in large-scale image retrieval and is gradually being favored by an increasing number of people. However, the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,757 Views
17 Pages

28 February 2021

This article deals with compression of binary sequences with a given number of ones, which can also be considered as a list of indexes of a given length. The first part of the article shows that the entropy H of random n-element binary sequences with...

(This article belongs to the Section Information Theory, Probability and Statistics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,049 Views
19 Pages

25 July 2018

In order to enhance the reliability and anti-interference performance of wireless sensor network (WSN) data transmission, this paper designs the low power scheme of the WSN from the angle of error correction coding and proposes the hybrid check matri...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks: Protocols, Architectures and Solutions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,620 Views
12 Pages

Top Position Sensitive Ordinal Relation Preserving Bitwise Weight for Image Retrieval

  • Zhen Wang,
  • Fuzhen Sun,
  • Longbo Zhang,
  • Lei Wang and
  • Pingping Liu

6 January 2020

In recent years, binary coding methods have become increasingly popular for tasks of searching approximate nearest neighbors (ANNs). High-dimensional data can be quantized into binary codes to give an efficient similarity approximation via a Hamming...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algorithms for Pattern Recognition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,088 Views
31 Pages

Verification of the Methods of Digital Monitoring of Information Space Based on Coding Theory Tools

  • Dina Shaltykova,
  • Akhat Bakirov,
  • Anastasiya Grishina,
  • Mariya Kostsova,
  • Yelizaveta Vitulyova and
  • Ibragim Suleimenov

This study examines the applicability of coding-theoretic tools to the digital monitoring of information space. The proposed approach treats response patterns to socially significant stimuli as binary sequences and interprets their analysis as a clas...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,528 Views
23 Pages

16 April 2023

The error probability of block codes sent under a non-uniform input distribution over the memoryless binary symmetric channel (BSC) and decoded via the maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding rule is investigated. It is proved that the ratio of the proba...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Information and Coding Theory)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,366 Views
21 Pages

2 February 2025

With the increasing utilization of drones, the cyber security threats they face have become more prominent. Code reuse in the software development of drone systems has led to vulnerabilities in drones. The binary code similarity analysis method offer...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Detection, Security, and Communication for UAV: 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,865 Views
11 Pages

23 February 2022

Inspired by the concept of BL-algebra as an important part of the ordered algebra, in this paper we investigate the binary block code generated by an arbitrary BL-algebra and study related properties. For this goal, we initiate the study of the BL-fu...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algebraic Structures and Graph Theory)
  • Article
  • Open Access
581 Views
22 Pages

Hulls of Linear Codes over Non-Unitary Rings of Four Elements

  • Sarra Manseri,
  • Patrick Sole,
  • Adel Alahmadi and
  • Asmaa Melaibari

26 February 2026

In this paper, we explore the hull of linear codes over the non-unitary rings of order four, namely E, I and H. Initially, we determine the binary associated codes of the hull over each ring; then, we characterize the hulls in terms of these codes. F...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,822 Views
21 Pages

The proliferation of binary vulnerabilities in the software supply chain has become a critical security challenge. Existing vulnerability detection approaches—including dynamic analysis, static analysis, and decompilation-assisted analysis&mdas...

  • Article
  • Open Access
103 Citations
12,190 Views
16 Pages

Finger Vein Recognition Based on Local Directional Code

  • Xianjing Meng,
  • Gongping Yang,
  • Yilong Yin and
  • Rongyang Xiao

5 November 2012

Finger vein patterns are considered as one of the most promising biometric authentication methods for its security and convenience. Most of the current available finger vein recognition methods utilize features from a segmented blood vessel network....

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,056 Views
8 Pages

31 May 2023

Integer codes have been successfully applied to various areas of communication and computer technology. They demonstrate good performance in correcting specific kinds of errors. In many cases, the used integer codes are constructed by computer search...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Algebra and Logic)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3,552 Views
13 Pages

A Simple Neural-Network-Based Decoder for Short Binary Linear Block Codes

  • Kunta Hsieh,
  • Yan-Wei Lin,
  • Shao-I Chu,
  • Hsin-Chiu Chang and
  • Ming-Yuan Cho

29 March 2023

The conventional soft decision decoding (SDD) methods require various hard decision decoders (HDDs) based on different codes or re-manipulate the generator matrix by the complicated Gaussian elimination technique according to the bit reliability. Thi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,149 Views
8 Pages

Cyclicity of Binary Group Codes

  • Beatriz García García,
  • Consuelo Martínez López and
  • Ignacio F. Rúa

4 March 2026

In this paper, we study the cyclicity of binary group codes, identifying them as ideals in a group algebra. We focus on the construction of ω|ω¯ codes, proving that they are self-dual group codes over the abelian group C2×Ck. W...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Discrete Math in Coding Theory, 2nd Edition)

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