The radiometric uncertainty of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations and weather-related surface conditions caused by frozen conditions, snow and intercepted rain affect the backscatter (

σ^{0}

) observations and limit the accuracy of soil moisture retrievals. This study estimates Sentinel-1’s radiometric uncertainty, identifies the effects of weather-related surface conditions on

σ^{0}

and investigates their impact on soil moisture retrievals for various conditions regarding soil moisture, surface roughness and incidence angle. Masking rules for the surface conditions that disturb

σ^{0}

were developed based on meteorological measurements and timeseries of Sentinel-1 observations collected over five forests, five meadows and five cultivated fields in the eastern part of the Netherlands. The Sentinel-1

σ^{0}

observations appear to be affected by frozen conditions below an air temperature of 1

^{\circ} C

, snow during Sentinel-1’s morning overpasses on meadows and cultivated fields and interception after more than

1.8

m

m

of rain in the 12 h preceding a Sentinel-1 overpass, whereas dew was not found to be of influence. After the application of these masking rules, the radiometric uncertainty was estimated by the standard deviation of the seasonal anomalies timeseries of the Sentinel-1 forest

σ^{0}

observations. By spatially averaging the

σ^{0}

observations, the Sentinel-1 radiometric uncertainty improves from

0.85

dB for a surface area of

0.25

h a

0.30

dB for 10

h a

for the VV polarization and from

0.89

dB to

0.36

dB for the VH polarization, following approximately an inverse square root dependency on the surface area over which the

σ^{0}

observations are averaged. Deviations in

σ^{0}

were combined with the

σ^{0}

sensitivity to soil moisture as simulated with the Integral Equation Method (IEM) surface scattering model, which demonstrated that both the disturbing effects by the weather-related surface conditions (if not masked) and radiometric uncertainty have a significant impact on the soil moisture retrievals from Sentinel-1. The soil moisture retrieval uncertainty due to radiometric uncertainty ranges from

0.01

m^{3}

m^{- 3}

up to

0.17

m^{3}

m^{- 3}

for wet soils and small surface areas. The impacts on soil moisture retrievals are found to be weakly dependent on the surface roughness and the incidence angle, and strongly dependent on the surface area (or the

σ^{0}

disturbance caused by a weather-related surface condition for a specific land cover type) and the soil moisture itself.

876 Results Found

The Average Sentinel of the Heat Equation with an Unknown Reaction

Deep/Transfer Learning with Feature Space Ensemble Networks (FeatSpaceEnsNets) and Average Ensemble Networks (AvgEnsNets) for Change Detection Using DInSAR Sentinel-1 and Optical Sentinel-2 Satellite Data Fusion

Estimation of Daily Average Shortwave Solar Radiation under Clear-Sky Conditions by the Spatial Downscaling and Temporal Extrapolation of Satellite Products in Mountainous Areas

An Improved Approach for Downscaling Coarse-Resolution Thermal Data by Minimizing the Spatial Averaging Biases in Random Forest

Mean Sea Surface Model over the Sea of Japan Determined from Multi-Satellite Altimeter Data and Tide Gauge Records

Global Revisit Interval Analysis of Landsat-8 -9 and Sentinel-2A -2B Data for Terrestrial Monitoring

Evaluating the Performance of Seven Ongoing Satellite Altimetry Missions for Measuring Inland Water Levels of the Great Lakes

Mapping Surface Flow Velocity of Glaciers at Regional Scale Using a Multiple Sensors Approach

Combination of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data for Tree Species Classification in a Central European Biosphere Reserve

SENTINEL: A Secure and Efficient Authentication Framework for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

High-Accuracy Mapping of Soil Organic Carbon by Mining Sentinel-1/2 Radar and Optical Time-Series Data with Super Ensemble Model

Synergistic Use of Geospatial Data for Water Body Extraction from Sentinel-1 Images for Operational Flood Monitoring across Southeast Asia Using Deep Neural Networks

Impacts of Radiometric Uncertainty and Weather-Related Surface Conditions on Soil Moisture Retrievals with Sentinel-1

Sentinel-2 Pan Sharpening—Comparative Analysis

A Global Analysis of Sentinel-2A, Sentinel-2B and Landsat-8 Data Revisit Intervals and Implications for Terrestrial Monitoring

Downscaling of MODIS NDVI by Using a Convolutional Neural Network-Based Model with Higher Resolution SAR Data

Methylene Blue Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging in Breast Cancer Sentinel Node Biopsy

Exploiting the Matched Filter to Improve the Detection of Methane Plumes with Sentinel-2 Data

Sentinel-3A SRAL Global Statistical Assessment and Cross-Calibration with Jason-3

Near-Real Time Automatic Snow Avalanche Activity Monitoring System Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data in Norway

Investigation of Long and Short-Term Water Surface Area Changes in Coastal Ramsar Sites in Turkey with Google Earth Engine

Visual Monitoring Strategies of Sentinels in a Cooperative Breeder

Monitoring Maize Growth and Calculating Plant Heights with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Optical Satellite Images

Validation of Sentinel-3A/3B and Jason-3 Altimeter Wind Speeds and Significant Wave Heights Using Buoy and ASCAT Data

A Combination of Three Genomic Regions Conditions High Level of Adult Plant Stripe Rust Resistance in Australian Wheat Cultivar Sentinel

Evaluation of Sentinel-3A Wave Height Observations Near the Coast of Southwest England

Seasonal Progression of Ground Displacement Identified with Satellite Radar Interferometry and the Impact of Unusually Warm Conditions on Permafrost at the Yamal Peninsula in 2016

Antarctic Supraglacial Lake Detection Using Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 Imagery: Towards Continental Generation of Lake Volumes

Using Time Series Sentinel-1 Images for Object-Oriented Crop Classification in Google Earth Engine

Comparing Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 for Burn Severity Mapping in Western North America

Operational Built-Up Areas Extraction for Cities in China Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data

Monitoring Water Quality Parameters Using Sentinel-2 Data: A Case Study in the Weihe River Basin (China)

The Value of Sentinel-2 Spectral Bands for the Assessment of Winter Wheat Growth and Development

Hasn’t Child Abuse Been Overlooked? An Evaluation of Abused Children Who Visited the Emergency Department with Sentinel Injuries

Capturing Snowmelt Runoff Onset Date under Different Land Cover Types Using Synthetic Aperture Radar: Case Study of Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA

Monitoring Trends of CO, NO2, SO2, and O3 Pollutants Using Time-Series Sentinel-5 Images Based on Google Earth Engine

Separability of Mowing and Ploughing Events on Short Temporal Baseline Sentinel-1 Coherence Time Series

Combining Satellite Imagery and a Deep Learning Algorithm to Retrieve the Water Levels of Small Reservoirs

An Analysis of the Rice-Cultivation Dynamics in the Lower Utcubamba River Basin Using SAR and Optical Imagery in Google Earth Engine (GEE)

Application of Satellite Sentinel-2 Images to Study Alternate Sandbars Movement at Lower Vistula River (Poland)

Mapping Crop Types for Beekeepers Using Sentinel-2 Satellite Image Time Series: Five Essential Crops in the Pollination Services

Automatic Measurement of Water Height in the As Conchas (Spain) Reservoir Using Sentinel 2 and Aerial LiDAR Data

An Automatic Algorithm for Mapping Algal Blooms and Aquatic Vegetation Using Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 MSI Data

Crop Monitoring Using Sentinel-2 and UAV Multispectral Imagery: A Comparison Case Study in Northeastern Germany

Digital Mapping of Soil Organic Carbon Using Sentinel Series Data: A Case Study of the Ebinur Lake Watershed in Xinjiang

High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images Can Better Estimate Changes in Carbon Assimilation of an Urban Forest

Evaluating the Performance of Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-2 in Small Waterbody Mapping over Urban and Mountainous Regions

Water Quality Retrieval from PRISMA Hyperspectral Images: First Experience in a Turbid Lake and Comparison with Sentinel-2

Mapping Crop Types of Germany by Combining Temporal Statistical Metrics of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Time Series with LPIS Data

Insuring Alpine Grasslands against Drought-Related Yield Losses Using Sentinel-2 Satellite Data

Monitoring Trends of CO, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃ Pollutants Using Time-Series Sentinel-5 Images Based on Google Earth Engine