The ant colony algorithm has been widely used in the field of data analysis of smart cities. However, the research of the traditional ant colony algorithm is more focused on one-to-one scenarios and there is insufficient research on many-to-one scena...
In the traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) localization algorithm based on the Internet of Things (IoT), the distance vector hop (DV-Hop) localization algorithm has the disadvantages of large deviation and low accuracy in three-dimensional (3...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are applied in many fields, among which node localization is one of the most important parts. The Distance Vector-Hop (DV-Hop) algorithm is the most widely used range-free localization algorithm, but its localization a...
Node localization is a critical challenge in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The DV-Hop algorithm, which relies on hop counts for localization, assumes that network nodes are uniformly distributed. It estimates actual distances between nodes b...
This paper presents the adaptation of a specific metric for the RPL protocol in the objective function MRHOF. Among the functions standardized by IETF, we find OF0, which is based on the minimum hop count, as well as MRHOF, which is based on the Expe...
The localization of sensor nodes is an important problem in wireless sensor networks. The DV-Hop algorithm is a typical range-free algorithm, but the localization accuracy is not high. To further improve the localization accuracy, this paper designs...
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensors with wireless transceivers that link autonomously over many hops. It offers various advantages, including less traffic, more stability, extended wireless communication distances, and broader coverag...
As is well known, multi-hop range-free localization algorithms demonstrate pretty good performance in isotropic networks in which sensor nodes distribute evenly and densely. However, these algorithms are easily affected by network topology, causing a...
The network lifetime of wireless rechargeable sensor network (WRSN) is commonly extended through routing strategy or wireless charging technology. In this paper, we propose an optimization algorithm from the aspects of both charging and routing proce...
Time-division multiple access (TDMA)-based medium access control (MAC) protocol has been widely used for avoiding access conflicts in wireless multi-hop ad hoc networks, where the time synchronization among wireless nodes is essential. In this paper,...
Sensor networks are handicapped by limited resources in the form of energy, processing, and memory. This paper proposes a new multi-hop energy efficient protocol, namely a routing algorithm using the ring-zone (RARZ) model. The protocol is lightweigh...
The Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) is a routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and other wireless ad hoc networks. The vanilla AODV protocol is simple and easy to implement because it only uses the hop count as a routing metric...
Frequency-hopping (FH) signals appear as small rectangular pulses in time-frequency spectrograms. At low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), noise along the frequency axis, caused by short-time Fourier transform (STFT) spectral leakage, blurs pulse bounda...
RPL (routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks) is an important candidate routing algorithm for low-power and lossy network (LLN) scenarios. To solve the problems of using a single routing metric or no clearly weighting distribution theory of...
The high-speed dynamics of nodes and rapid change of network topology in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) pose significant challenges for the design of routing protocols. Because of the unpredictability of VANETs, selecting the appropriate next-hop...
It is found that nodes in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) exhibit stable social attributes similar to those of people. In this paper, an adaptive routing algorithm based on Relation Tree (AR-RT) for DTN is proposed. Each node constructs its own Relatio...
Due to advances in technology, research in healthcare using a cyber-physical system (CPS) opens innovative dimensions of services. In this paper, the authors propose an energy- and service-level agreement (SLA)-efficient cyber physical system for E-h...
Efficient routing is essential for the proper functioning of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Recent research has focused on optimizing energy and delay for these networks. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of studies that have examined the effects of...
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) require routing decisions that balance connectivity, link reliability and energy efficiency under continuously changing mobility and density. Conventional clustering-based routing combines these objectives using wei...
In opportunistic IoT (OppIoT) networks, non-cooperative nodes present a significant challenge to the data forwarding process, leading to increased packet loss and communication delays. This paper proposes a novel Context-Aware Trust and Reputation Ro...
Delay-tolerant networks face challenges in efficiently utilizing network resources and real-time sensing of node and message statuses due to the dynamic changes in their topology. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Decision Dynamic Intelligent (MDDI)...
We consider the problem of meeting deadline constraints in wireless communication networks. Fulfilling deadlines depends heavily on the routing algorithm used. We study this dependence generically for a broad class of routing algorithms. For analyzin...
Wireless sensor networks have become a vital technology that is extensively applied across multiple industries, including agriculture, industrial operations, and smart cities, as well as residential smart homes and environmental monitoring systems. S...
Planning of energy-efficient protocols is critical for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) because of the constraints on the sensor nodes’ energy. The routing protocol should be able to provide uniform power dissipation during transmission to the sink no...
The ZigBee wireless communication specifications forecast the use of multihop routes between nodes and define that nodes select their routes based on their costs. The specifications define how to compute a route cost from the probability of successfu...
The recent provision of energy-harvesting capabilities to wireless sensor networks (WSN) has entailed the redefinition of design objectives. Specifically, the traditional goal of maximizing network lifetime has been replaced by optimizing network per...
Opportunistic networks (OppNets) are a type of challenged network where there is no guaranteed of end-to-path between the nodes for data delivery because of intermittent connectivity, node mobility and frequent topology changes. In such an environmen...
The substantial advancements offered by the edge computing has indicated serious evolutionary improvements for the internet of things (IoT) technology. The rigid design philosophy of the traditional network architecture limits its scope to meet futur...
In an unmanned aerial vehicles ad hoc network (UANET), UAVs communicate with each other to accomplish intricate tasks collaboratively and cooperatively. However, the high mobility of UAVs, the variable link quality, and heavy traffic loads can lead t...
The Mine Internet of Things (MIoT), as a key technology for reconstructing post-disaster communication networks, enables a user to monitor and control the safety of an affected roadway. However, due to the challenging underground mine environment, th...
Opportunistic Networks (OppNets) are characterized by intermittently connected nodes with fluctuating performance. Their dynamic topology, caused by node movement, activation, and deactivation, often relies on controlled flooding for routing, leading...
6G low-power and lossy network (6G LLN) is a kind of distributed network designed for IoT and edge computing scenarios of the sixth-generation mobile communication technology. Its routing technologies should fully consider characteristics of green an...
Fermented foods have a long history of human use. The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbial composition of a traditional fermented wheat preparation—Nishasta— and to explore its effect in retinoic acid-induced osteoporos...
Low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations demand scalable routing that survives time-varying topologies, constrained onboard resources, and dynamic traffic. Deterministic shortest-path routing guarantees optimal paths but adapts poorly to real-time l...
Energy harvesting wireless sensor network (EH-WSN) is considered to be one of the key enabling technologies for the internet of things (IoT) construction. Although the introduced EH technology can alleviate the energy limitation problem that occurs i...
Flooding is a simple yet reliable way of discovering resources in wireless ad hoc networks such as mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), ad hoc sensors, and recently, IoT networks. However, its operation is resource-intensive, especially in densely popula...
Optical satellite networks (OSNs) based on low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites and optical inter-satellite links (ISLs) are considered a promising component of future high-capacity space communications. However, the high mobility of LEO satellites leads...
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks face significant routing challenges due to highly dynamic topologies, frequent link variations, uneven traffic distribution, and heterogeneous Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. This paper proposes a deep re...
By definition, the aggregating methodology ensures that transmitted data remain visible in clear text in the aggregated units or nodes. Data transmission without encryption is vulnerable to security issues such as data confidentiality, integrity, aut...
With the advances in sensing technologies, sensor networks became the core of several different networks, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and drone networks. This led to the use of sensor networks in many critical applications including milita...
The proliferation of mobile and IoT devices, coupled with the advances in the wireless communication capabilities of these devices, have urged the need for novel communication paradigms for such heterogeneous hybrid networks. Researchers have propose...
The RPL protocol is essential for efficient communication within the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, yet it remains vulnerable to various attacks, particularly in dense and mobile environments where it shows certain limitations and susceptibiliti...
With the arrival of sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems comes radical potential for the deployment of autonomous aerial vehicle (AAV) swarms in mission-critical applications, ranging from disaster rescue to intelligent transportation. However, 6G-...
The Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is one of the Smart Grid (SG) applications that used to upgrade the current power system by proposing a two-way communication system to connect the smart meter devices at homes with the electric control comp...
To address the severe coverage blind spots and concurrent collision bottlenecks faced by LoRa networks in dense deployments and complex three-dimensional (3D) occlusion environments, this paper proposes a distributed cross-layer protocol framework fo...
Users can access the Internet anywhere they go at any time due to the advancement of communications and networking technologies. The number of users and connected devices are rapidly increasing, and various forms of content are becoming increasingly...
As unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly deployed in mission-critical domains such as military operations, infrastructure inspection, and disaster response, the threat of GPS and network spoofing attacks has emerged as a fundamental challe...