Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare and specific form of severe hepatic dysfunction characterized by coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy in a patient with no known liver disease. ALF carries a high morbidity and mortality. Careful attention shoul...
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is the point at which cirrhosis stops behaving as a chronic liver disease and becomes a rapidly destabilising systemic illness. It is the real tipping point in advanced liver disease: the moment when limited hepa...
Background/Objectives: Severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (SAH) is a complication of alcoholic liver disease associated with high mortality. Effective identification of factors predicting the course, outcome, and need for early liver transplantation...
Liver failure, both acute and chronic, represents a complex, life-threatening condition frequently requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Nutritional management is a crucial component of supportive therapy, aiming to mitigate catabolism, pres...
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by organ failure and high short-term mortality. Since its first definition in 2013, many international organizations have defined this syndrome and, till now, there has been n...
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by an acute decompensation of chronic liver disease in association with extrahepatic organ failure(s) and a high short-term mortality. Despite its increasing clinical...
The Spheroid Reservoir Bioartificial Liver (SRBAL) is an innovative treatment option for acute liver failure (ALF). This extracorporeal support device, which provides detoxification and other liver functions using high-density culture of porcine hepa...
Acute liver failure represents a life-threatening organ dysfunction with high mortality rates and an urgent need for liver transplantation. The etiology of the disease varies widely depending on various socio-economic factors and is represented mainl...
Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to map and synthesize the current evidence on hemostasis in chronic and acute liver disease within the framework of Patient Blood Management (PBM). Methods: Because research in this field is hete...
Wilson’s disease (WD) with acute onset poses a diagnostic challenge because it is clinically indistinguishable from other acute liver diseases. In addition, serum ceruloplasmin and urinary copper excretion, the first-line diagnostic tools for W...
Massive hepatic necrosis is the most severe lesion in acute liver failure, yet a portion of patients manage to survive and recover from this high-risk and harsh disease syndrome. The mechanisms underlying recovery remain largely unknown to date. Rece...
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by acute and severe decompensation of chronic liver disease (CLD) correlated with multiple organ failure, poor prognosis, and increased mortality. In 40–50% of ACLF cases, the tr...
Introduction: COVID-19, in addition to its direct detrimental respiratory infection, is associated with multiple systemic complications involving different organs, including the liver. COVID-19 has been associated with liver injury through multiple m...
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) refers to the deterioration of liver function in individuals who already have chronic liver disease. In the setting of ACLF, liver damage leads to the failure of other organs and is associated with increased shor...
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a frequent complication in patients with liver cirrhosis that has high short-term mortality. It is characterized by acute decompensation (AD) of liver cirrhosis, intra- and extrahepatic organ failure, and seve...
Background/Objectives: This article presents the case of a 31-year-old primigravida who experienced acute liver failure in the 23rd week of pregnancy, along with a review of the literature on this rare condition during pregnancy. The purpose of this...
Liver failure profoundly affects the immune system, leading to dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune response. This review explores the intricate relationship between liver function and immune homeostasis. The role of the liver as a central hub...
21 October 2026
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare microvesicular steatotic liver disease of late gestation, linked to impaired mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, in which management centres on recognition and delivery before overt hepatic and m...
Liver transplantation (LT) is the only available live-saving procedure for children with irreversible liver failure. This paper reports our experience from the follow-up of 16 Greek children with end-stage liver failure who underwent a LT. Over a per...
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic, relapsing and remitting, immune-mediated liver disease that progresses to cirrhosis if left untreated. A significant number of patients may present with acute hepatitis or acute liver failure, which are often...
Liver injury occurs frequently as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Direct infection of the liver leads to hepatic impairment with elevated transaminases. In addition, severe COVID-19 is characterized by cytokine release syndrome, which may init...
Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an accommodation of the cardiopulmonary bypass technique that can support gas exchange and hemodynamic stability. It is used as a salvage maneuver in patients with life-threatening respiratory...
In clinical practice, combined heart and liver dysfunctions coexist in the setting of the main heart and liver diseases because of complex cardiohepatic interactions. It is becoming increasingly crucial to identify these interactions between heart an...
Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is classically associated with acute intraoperative cardiopulmonary disturbances during cemented arthroplasty. However, accumulating clinical observations suggest that its systemic manifestations may extend be...
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection can affect individuals of all ages, both immunocompetent and immunocompromised. This infection is typically acute and self-limiting, most commonly resulting in rash diseases and acute febrile illness. However, its invo...
Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative treatment for various liver diseases, including acute liver failure, end-stage liver disease, and selected unresectable liver malignancies. Combination antiretroviral therapy has improved outcomes for p...
Background: A 69-year-old man with multiple myeloma and left-sided heart failure presented to the hospital with a two-month fever. Method: A transjugular liver biopsy was performed due to the rapid progression of liver failure. The procedure was comp...
Cirrhotic patients who developed a decompensation episode requiring an admission to an intensive care unit are not equal in term of prognosis. This led to the definition of a syndrome, acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), marked by the severity of...
Liver transplantation (LT) has significantly transformed the prognosis of patients with end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The traditional epidemiology of liver diseases has undergone a remarkable shift in indications for LT,...
Liver disorders have been increasing globally in recent years. These diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates and impose high care costs on the health system. Acute liver failure, chronic and congenital liver diseases, as well...
Background: although liver injuries are one of the most critical complications of abdominal trauma, choosing when to operate on these injuries is challenging for surgeons worldwide. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of liver injury cases...
Acute liver failure is a life-threatening organ dysfunction with systemic organ involvement and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity unless specific management is undertaken. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of intrave...
Chronic liver disease (CLD) in children poses significant challenges, necessitating timely management to mitigate morbidity and mortality. Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as a transformative intervention, offering improved long-term survival f...
Visceral disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection (VD-VZV) involves the hematogenous spread of VZV from the skin to the internal organs. Though rare, it is potentially life-threatening, predominantly affecting immunocompromised individuals. Diag...
The ideal management for end stage liver disease, acute liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), within specific criteria, is liver transplantation (LT). Over the years, there has been a steady increase in the candidates listed for LT, with...
Background/Objectives: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a life-threatening complication of cirrhosis, characterized by organ failures and high short-term mortality. Alcohol-related cirrhosis is one of the most frequent underlying etiologies o...
Liver Transplantation (LT) has become the gold standard treatment for End-Stage Liver Disease (ESLD). One of the main strategies to manage life-threatening complications, such as cardio-respiratory failure, is Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECM...
The SARS-CoV-2 virus caused a pandemic in the 2020s, which affected almost every aspect of life. As the world is recovering from the effect of the coronavirus, the concept of post-COVID-19 syndrome has emerged. Multiple organ systems have been implic...
Wolcott-Rallison syndrome is a rare cause of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus caused by mutations in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 gene (EIF2AK3). Individuals affected by this disorder have severe hyperglycemia, pa...
Liver transplantation (LT) for alcohol-related liver disease (ArLD) has evolved from a pathway centered on decompensated cirrhosis and prolonged abstinence to one that also encompasses severe alcohol-related hepatitis (sAH) and alcohol-related acute-...
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase (HMGCL) deficiency can be a very severe disorder that typically presents with acute metabolic decompensation with features of hypoketotic hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, and metabolic acidosis. A retrospective chart...
Cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, has positively impacted oncological treatments. Despite its effectiveness, immunotherapy is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that can affect any organ, including th...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the therapeutic landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), establishing immunotherapy-based combinations as the standard of care. Improved treatment responses have expanded liver transpl...
Background: In recent years, indications for liver transplantation have expanded, while the age of transplant recipients has significantly increased due to improvements in perioperative management. As clinical manifestations of posttransplant complic...
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a complex and severe condition marked by multiple organ failure and high short-term mortality. Coagulopathy, a key component of ACLF, is characterized by rebalanced hemostasis with both hypo- and hypercoagulab...
Tyrosinemia type I (TT1) is an inborn error of tyrosine metabolism with features including liver dysfunction, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma; renal dysfunction that may lead to failure to thrive and bone disease; and porphyric crises. Once f...
Patients with chronic liver disease are systematically excluded from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) trials, and prior real-world data rely on administrative coding alone. Whether ICD-coded liver disease and laboratory-defined liver fibrosis identi...
Background and Aims: Ornidazole, a nitroimidazole antibiotic, is widely used for protozoal and anaerobic infections and is generally considered safe. However, ornidazole-induced liver injury (OILI) is an underrecognized yet potentially severe adverse...
Since the first published report of experimental kidney transplantation in dogs in 1902, there were many experimental and clinical trials of organ transplantation, with many sacrifices. After the establishment of the surgical technique and the discov...
Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare disease, associated with high mortality, despite optimal medical therapy without emergency liver transplantation. Knowing the possible cause of ALF plays a vital role in the management, as the child cou...
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