211 Results Found

Medicinal food varieties developed according to the theory of medical and edible homologues are effective at preventing and treating chronic diseases and in health care. As of 2022, 110 types of traditional Chinese medicines from the same source of m...

Recent evidence suggests that exposure to organic ultraviolet filters (UV filters) is associated with dysregulated neuroendocrine-immune homeostasis. Marine species are likely to be among the most vulnerable to UV filters due to widespread diffusion...

Elizabethkingia miricola is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that is highly pathogenic in both immunocompromised humans and animals. Once the disease occurs, treatment can be very difficult. Therefore, a deep understanding of the pathological mecha...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to a powerful system for the recognition and elimination of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens [...]

Immune cascade is one of major factors leading to cardiac dysfunction after burn injury. TLRs are a class of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that initiate the innate immune response by sensing conserved molecular patterns for early immune recogn...

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are viral sequences that have integrated into the genomes of vertebrates. Our preliminary transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that chERV3 is active and is located on chromosome 1:32602284–32615631. We hypot...

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) are economically important viral pathogens of sheep and goats. SRLV infection may interfere in the innate and adaptive immunity of the host, and genes associated with resistance or susceptibility to infection with S...

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS), a broad-spectrum pathogen, causes great economic losses in fish aquaculture, especially the industry of tilapia. Until now, the knowledge of the immune response mechanism against S. agalactiae in...

Imperatorin (IMP) could downregulate several inflammatory transcription factor signaling pathways. Some studies have pointed out that IMP could interfere with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. This study evaluates how IMP interferes with the TLR...

In the present study, we have explored the involvement of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) in atrial fibrillation (AF), by using a meta-analysis of publicly available human transcriptomic data. The meta-analysis revealed 565 upregulated and 267 downregula...

The intestinal epithelium serves as a dynamic barrier to protect the host tissue from exposure to a myriad of inflammatory stimuli in the luminal environment. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) encompass differentiated and specialized cell types that...

Mycobacterium marinum is an opportunistic pathogen prevalent in aquatic environments, causing significant morbidity in fish, including Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), a species increasingly cultured in Chinese salmonid aquaculture. This study inv...

Fucoidan—a marine natural active polysaccharide derived from brown algae with a variety of medicinal activities and low toxicity—has been used as clinical drug for renal diseases for nearly 20 years. The pharmacological mechanism of fucoi...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading cause of cancer-related death, is initiated and promoted by chronic inflammation. Inflammatory mediators are transcriptionally regulated by several inflammatory signaling pathways, including nuclear factor ka...

Somatic cell count (SCC) in milk is widely used in the dairy industry, as an indicator of the health of mammary gland. While the SCC of dairy cattle was higher in late lactation than in peak lactation, its association with gene expressions of mammary...

Toxocara canis is a neglected zoonotic roundworm distributed all over the world, causing toxocariasis in humans and animals. However, so far, the immune mechanism of T. canis infection in definitive hosts remains to be clarified. In this study, the t...

The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway constitutes an intricate network of protein interactions primarily involved in inflammation and cancer. This pathway triggers intracellular signaling cascades, modulating transcription factors that re...

Background: This study aimed to investigate the molecular profiles of 237 stage III CRC patients from the international IDEA study. It also sought to correlate these profiles with Toll-like and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, clinicopathological an...

The B cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats (BANK1) is expressed primarily in B cells and with multiple but discrete roles in B cell signaling, including B cell receptor signaling, CD40-related signaling, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling....

The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and major signal transduction pathways that were related to the immune response of epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells to reoviruses isolated from allogynogenetic silver...

Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a natural extract from marine seaweed that has strong antioxidant activity and a variety of other bioactive effects. This study elucidated the protective mechanism of Fx on alcoholic liver injury. Administration of Fx was associat...

(1) Background: Euryale ferox Salisb is a large aquatic plant of the water lily family and an edible economic crop with medicinal value. The annual output of Euryale ferox Salisb shell in China is higher than 1000 tons, often as waste or used as fuel...

Interleukin-1 Receptor Associated Kinase 1 (IRAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a critical role as a signaling transducer of the activated Toll-like receptor (TLR)/Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling pathway in both immune cells and c...

Elizabethkingia miricola (E. miricola) is a significant pathogen that causes the crooked head disease in black spotted frogs. This disease has plagued numerous frog farms in China and has resulted in substantial losses to the frog farming industry. N...

Vibrio anguillarum (V. anguillarum) is a bacterium that seriously harms flounder and other aquaculture species. Vaccination is an effective means of preventing vibriosis and is mainly administered by intraperitoneal injection. Effective antigen proce...

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a pathogen to cause devastating and economically significant diseases in domestic and feral swine. ASFV mainly infects macrophages and monocytes and regulates its replication process by affecting the content of cyt...

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) can induce systemic skin lesions after infection. This research focused on studying MPXV proliferation and the response of keratinocytes. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we visualized different stages of MPXV deve...

To investigate molecular regulation involved in lactation during pregnancy, this study focused on the transcriptomic profiles of mammary tissue from lactating and non-lactating Mongolian mares at the second month of gestation. A total of 4197 differe...

The etiology of Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is still unknown and the identification of the involved molecular pathogenetic pathways is a current challenge in the study of the disease. Adalimumab (ADA), an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha agent,...

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), caused by the bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus, is a major threat to global shrimp aquaculture. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of phage therapy in Litopenaeus vannamei challenged...

The FADD-like interleukin-1β converting enzyme (FLICE)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including apoptosis and inflammation. However, the complete transcriptional profile altered by the c-FLIP is...

This study aimed to investigate the potential adverse effects of the practical application of copper sulfate on yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and to provide insights into the gill toxicity induced by copper sulphate. Yellow catfish were ex...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Immunotherapy has emerged as the mainstay treatment option for unresectable HCC. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) play...

Large yellow croaker iridovirus (LYCIV) poses a significant threat to the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) aquaculture industry due to its rapid transmission and high lethality. Galectins, as evolutionarily conserved carbohydrate-binding le...

Psoriasis is an immune cell-mediated inflammatory skin disease. The interleukin (IL)23/IL17 axis plays an important role in the development of psoriasis. The effectiveness of biologic treatments such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α inhibitors (...

Background: The endogenous ecto-enzyme and exogenously administered alkaline phosphatase (ALP) have been evidenced to significantly attenuate inflammatory conditions, including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-related signaling and cytokine overexpression...

Yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is an important freshwater fish species in aquaculture. However, as intensive farming has rapidly expanded, infectious diseases caused by various bacteria, such as Aeromonas hydrophila, have also increased. We...

Despite intensive toxicological studies of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) over the last two decades, only a few studies have demonstrated their pulmonary carcinogenicities in chronic animal experiments, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still uncl...

In this study, the exopolysaccharides of Chlorella sp. (CEP) were isolated to obtain the purified fraction CEP4. Characterization results showed that CEP4 was a sulfated heteropolysaccharide. The main monosaccharide components of CEP4 are glucosamine...

(1) Background: In recent years, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has become a virulent pathogen that has caused devastating diseases and economic losses worldwide in the swine industry. IRPS has attracted extensive att...

The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of yeasts on intestinal health and transcriptomic profiles from the distal intestine and spleen tissue of Atlantic salmon fed SBM-based diets in seawater. Cyberlindnera jadinii (CJ) and Wi...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease with regard to biological characteristics and receptor expression. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are upstream to the transcription factor NFκB and part of the innate immune system. The...

Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis, a painful debilitating condition affecting up to 40–100% of patients undergoing chemotherapy, can reduce the patients’ quality of life, add health care costs and even postpone cancer treatment. In recent yea...

In olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) suffering from emaciation disease, the intestinal myxozoan Enteromyxum leei is considered a major causative agent. This disease causes severe economic losses in East Asian aquaculture, and even though the pa...

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), as a global health problem, is mainly caused by liver inflammation. Meanwhile, probiotics have been considered as a potential and promising strategy to prevent and alleviate ALD. This study aimed to investigate the amel...

There is strong evidence to suggest that inflammatory responses link obesity and diseases, and the understanding of obesity-induced inflammatory mechanisms is central to the pathogenesis of diseases such asnonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and...

The effects of natural and synthetic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on inflammation were explored by investigating the structure-activity relationship between the degree of GOS polymerization and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, together with the...

Chronic inflammation induces autoimmune disorders and chronic diseases. Several natural products activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling, attenuating inflammatory responses. Ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (EK100) isolate...

Heat stress typically suppresses systemic immunity in fish; however, its effects on the brain—an organ traditionally regarded as immune-privileged—remain unclear. In this study, we performed histopathological examination and RNA-seq analy...

Exosomes have the ability to carry a wide range of chemicals, convey them to target cells or target regions, and act as “messengers.” For the purpose of investigating embryo attachment, it is helpful to comprehend the range of exosomal mR...