458 Results Found

The thioredoxin-h (Trx-h) family of Arabidopsis thaliana comprises cytosolic disulfide reductases. However, the physiological function of Trx-h2, which contains an additional 19 amino acids at its N-terminus, remains unclear. In this study, we invest...

In Arabidopsis, the cytosolic redox protein thioredoxin h2 (Trx-h2) is anchored to the cytoplasmic endomembrane through the myristoylated second glycine residue (Gly²). However, under cold stress, the cytosolic Trx-h2 is rapidly translocated to the n...

Highly evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complexes termed Complex of Proteins Associated with Set1 (COMPASS) are required for histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation. Drosophila Set1, Trx, and Trr form the core subunits of these complexes. We show...

Background: We aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week total-body resistance exercise (TRX) suspension training intervention combined with taurine supplementation on body composition, blood glucose, and lipid markers in T2D females. Methods: Fo...

TRON is a decentralized digital platform that provides a reliable way to transact in cryptocurrencies within a decentralized ecosystem. Thanks to its success, TRON’s native token, TRX, has been widely adopted by a large audience. To facilitate...

Given that exosomes mediate intercellular communication by delivering cellular components to recipient cells or tissue, they have the potential to be engineered to deliver therapeutic payloads. However, the regulatory mechanism of exosome secretion i...

The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) family is the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vascular system. In this family, NOX4, a constitutive active form of NOXs, plays an important role in angiogenesi...

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) can be regulated by several redox-dependent mechanisms and control growth factor-activated receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation cascades. Reversible oxidation of PTPs is counteracted by reductive enzymes, incl...

In holothuroids, oocyte maturation is stopped in ovaries at the prophase I stage of meiosis. In natural conditions, the blockage is removed during the spawning by an unknown mechanism. When oocytes are isolated by dissection, the meiotic release can...

Thioredoxin (TRX) is a small protein with REDOX activity that plays a crucial role in a plant’s growth, development, and stress resistance. The TRX family has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis, rice, and wheat, and so it is likely that it...

Cellular mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (c-Met), an oncogenic transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), plays an essential role in cell proliferation during embryo development and liver regeneration. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) i...

Background: Hepatic fibrosis is a major global health issue without an optimal drug treatment, highlighting the urgent need to find effective therapies. This study aimed to clarify the role and mechanism of micheliolide in treating hepatic fibrosis....

The targeting of human thioredoxin reductase is widely recognized to be crucially involved in the anticancer properties of several metallodrugs, including Au(I) complexes. In this study, the mechanism of reaction between a set of five N-heterocyclic...

Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is an important redox protein found in almost all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which has a highly conserved active site sequence: Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys. To investigate whether the Trp31 residue is essential for the antioxidan...

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective method of renal replacement therapy, providing a high level of patient autonomy. Nevertheless, the long-term use of PD is limited due to deleterious effects of PD fluids to the structure and function of the pe...

(1) Background: Various factors, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, tumors, inflammation, trauma, immune disorders, and neuronal toxicity, can cause nerve damage. Chemical nerve injury, which results from exposure to toxic chemicals...

Ponicidin, a bioactive diterpenoid derived from Rabdosia rubescens, has been shown to exhibit antitumor activity across a range of cancer types. Despite its potential therapeutic applications, the precise effects and underlying molecular mechanisms o...

Hyperglycemia is a key factor in diabetic retinopathy which leads to blindness. O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification changes are linked to various diseases, including diabetic retinopathy. This research aims to study the roles of Txni...

Cells constantly face the challenge of managing oxidants. In aerobic organisms, oxygen (O₂) is used for energy production, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts of enzymatic reactions. To protect against oxidative damage, cells posse...

Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a multifunctional protein ubiquitously found in the human body. Trx-1 plays an important role in various cellular functions such as maintenance of redox homeostasis, proliferation, and DNA synthesis, but also modulation of tr...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuropsychiatric childhood disorder that affects social skill and language development, and is characterized by persistent stereotypic behaviors, restricted social interests, and impaired language/social skills. AS...

Arabidopsis contains eight different h-type thioredoxins (Trx) being distributed in different cell organelles. Although Trx h2 is deemed to be confined to mitochondria, its subcellular localization and function are discussed controversially. Here, ce...

Redox regulation of plastid gene expression and different metabolic pathways promotes many activities of redox-sensitive proteins. We address the question of how the plastid redox state and the contributing reducing enzymes control the enzymes of tet...

The commercial production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass such as wheat straw requires utilizing a microorganism that can withstand all the stressors encountered in the process while fermenting all the sugars in the biomass. Therefore, it...

Thioredoxin (Trx), a ubiquitous protein showing disulfide reductase activity, plays critical roles in cellular redox control and oxidative stress response. Trx is a member of the Trx system, comprising Trx, Trx reductase (TrxR), and a cognate reducta...

Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (HC(pz)₂COOH) and bis(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (HC(pz^Me2)₂COOH) were converted into the methyl ester derivatives 1 (L^OMe) and 2 (L^2OMe), respectively, and were used for the preparation of silver(I) complexes...

Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) is a major antioxidant that acts adaptively to protect the heart during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The molecular mechanism(s) responsible for regulating the Trx1 level and/or activity during diabetic cardiomyopat...

The Trithorax Group (TrxG) is a highly conserved multiprotein activation complex, initially defined by its antagonistic activity with the PcG repressor complex. TrxG regulates transcriptional activation by the deposition of H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 marks...

Thioredoxin reductase is an essential enzyme that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis by catalyzing the reduction of thioredoxin, which is involved in several vital cellular processes. The overexpression of TrxR is often as...

The phytotoxic mechanisms of patulin (PAT) and penicillic acid (PA) have not been identified unambiguously. This study aims to clarify their effects on thioredoxins (Trxs). Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), PAT and PA were isolated by solvent extraction and chrom...

The concerted regulation of chloroplast biosynthetic pathways and NADPH extrusion via malate valve depends on f and m thioredoxins (Trxs). The finding that decreased levels of the thiol-peroxidase 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (Prx) suppress the severe phenoty...

Libertellenone H (LH), a marine-derived pimarane diterpenoid isolated from arctic fungus Eutypella sp. D-1, has shown effective cytotoxicity on a range of cancer cells. The present study is to explore the anticancer effect of LH on human pancreatic c...

Photosynthesis includes a set of redox reactions that are the source of reducing power and energy for the assimilation of inorganic carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, thus generating organic compounds, and oxygen, which supports life on Earth. As sessile...

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signal transduction pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of leukemia. The aim of this study was...

Detecting small drones in Infrared (IR) sequences poses significant challenges due to their low visibility, low resolution, and complex cluttered backgrounds. These factors often lead to high false alarm and missed detection rates. This paper frames...

Background and objectives: Mechanical stress is currently considered as the main factor promoting calcific aortic valve stenosis (AS) onset. It causes endothelial damage and dysfunction. The chronic inflammatory process causes oxidative stress. Oxida...

Bacterial infections trigger a multifaceted interplay between inflammatory mediators and redox regulation. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that redox signaling plays a significant role in immune initiation and subsequent immune cell functio...

The AB-type protein toxin from Pasteurella multocida (PMT) contains a functionally important disulfide bond within its catalytic domain, which must be cleaved in the host cell cytosol to render the catalytic domain of PMT into its active conformation...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and advanced malignant primary brain tumor in adults. GBM frequently harbors epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type (EGFRwt) gene amplification and/or EGFRvIII activating mutation. EGFR-driven GBM r...

In order to analyze whether the reducing redox status and activation of thioredoxin reductase (TRR)/thioredoxin(TRX) system induced by oligo-carrageenan (OC) kappa in Eucalyptus globulus activate secondary metabolism increasing terpenoid synthesis, t...

In plants, thioredoxin (TRX) family proteins participate in various biological processes by regulating the oxidative stress response. However, their role in phytohormone signaling remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the functions...

Organic peroxides and hydroperoxides are skin tumor promoters. Free radical derivatives from these compounds are presumed to be the prominent mediators of tumor promotion. However, the molecular targets of these species are unknown. Phosphatase and t...

Among the non-platinum antitumor agents, gold complexes have received increased attention owing to their strong antiproliferative effects, which generally occur through non-cisplatin-like mechanisms of action. Several studies have revealed that many...

(1) Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) mutations directly affect mTORC activity and, as a result, protein synthesis. In several cancer types, TSC mutation is part of the driver mutation panel. TSC mutations have been associated with mitocho...

β-carotene possesses antioxidant properties and holds significant research value. In our study, we have successfully identified a strain of Pantoea dispersa MSC14 which has the capability to produce β-carotene. By incorporating corn steep l...

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) protein expression promotes cancer progression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its role in the clinical setting has not been established. We retrospectively analyzed data from 304 pat...

In vitro digestion of marine oils has been reported to promote lipid oxidation, including the formation of reactive aldehydes (e.g., malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE)). We aimed to investigate if human in vitro digestion of suppleme...

Eucalyptus globulus trees treated with oligo-carrageenan (OC) kappa showed an increase in NADPH, ascorbate and glutathione levels and activation of the thioredoxin reductase (TRR)/thioredoxin (TRX) system which enhance photosynthesis, basal metabolis...

This paper presents a low power Gaussian Frequency-Shift Keying (GFSK) transceiver (TRX) with high efficiency power management unit and integrated Single-Pole Double-Throw switch for Bluetooth low energy application. Receiver (RX) is implemented with...

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) accounts for 70% of ovarian cancer cases, and the survival rate remains remarkably low due to the lack of effective long-term consolidation therapies. Clinical remission can be temporarily induced by platinum-...