We introduce QP manifolds that capture the generalised geometry of type IIA string backgrounds with Ramond–Ramond fluxes and Romans mass. Each of these is associated with a BPS brane in type IIA: a D2, D4, or NS5-brane. We explain how these pro...
This article examines how the model of sect-cult development in antiquity helps us understand Paul’s discussion of Jewish traditions in the Letter to the Romans. In the traditional Augustinian–Lutheran scholarship, Romans has often been i...
Romans 1:18-2:29 connects with Stoic philosophy in a way that would be unmistakable to a Gentile audience. While acknowledging the Hellenistic tone of the passage, this paper focuses on the Stoic elements of natural law that were broadly recognized i...
The article examines Paul’s critique of Jews in Romans, focusing on Romans 1–3. It adopts an approach of reading Paul within Judaism while differing from some interpreters representative of this approach by arguing that Paul is critiquing...
Scholars have long recognized how Romans 1–2 is replete with resonances of Stoic traditions as they have referred to specific similarities in Seneca’s writings and the impact on the interpretation of the letter. Nevertheless, a significan...
In recent years, a growing number of interpreters propose that the audience in Romans is purely gentile. Problematic for this position is that Jewish persons are greeted by Paul towards the end of the letter in Romans 16:3–16. Respondents appea...
In Romans 2, Paul uses the Greco-Roman rhetorical technique of diatribe, i.e., a debate with a fictional partner. Reformation interpreters insisted that Paul confronts a hypocritical Jew; this thought remained prominent until the last century and has...
Few things can potentially divide (and are dividing) Christians like the LGBTIQ+ issue. Conservative churches argue that sexuality forms an integral part of the human being and, hence, that sexual sin falls in a category of its own in any catalogue o...
In view of the two key themes found in Romans: pneumatology and deification, some pressing questions can be asked. One of these is, what is the role of the Holy Spirit in deification? This essay identifies one area of the work of the Holy Spirit pres...
In Romans 5, Paul says that prior to law “sin is not counted” (v. 13), and that upon law’s arrival, “the trespass increased” (v. 20). For most interpreters, the law that counted sin and increased the trespass is the law...
A phenomenon noticeable in many of Paul’s quotations of Scripture is the way that they do not follow the texts he cites verbatim. This prompts the question as to whether his audience would be competent enough to detect these differences. This study c...
In this article, I argue that scholars of the field of New Testament theology need to be familiar with and listen to the various voices in the discourse of contemporary Christian spirituality in order to give voice to the ancient texts, as well as he...
Starting with Augustine’s controversial translation and interpretation of Romans 5:12, this paper compares Augustine’s and the apostle Paul’s different understandings of “sin”: Paul understands “sin” from the...
A graph G for which γR(G)=2γ(G) is the Roman graph, and if γRwc(G)=2γwc(G), then G is the weakly connected Roman graph. In this paper, we show that the decision problem of whether a bipartite graph is Roman is a co-NP-hard problem. Next, we prove sim...
Let G = ( V , E ) be a graph and f : V ⟶ { 0 , 1 , 2 } be a function. Given a vertex u with f ( u ) = 0 , if all neighbors of u have zero weights, then u is called undefended with respect to f. Furthermore, if every vertex u wi...
The notion of Roman {2}-domination was introduced in 2016 as a variant of Roman domination, a concept inspired by a defending strategy used by the emperor Constantine (272–337 AD) to protect the Roman Empire. Since then, a considerable number o...
For a graph G = ( V , E ) with vertex set V = V ( G ) and edge set E = E ( G ) , a Roman { 3 } -dominating function (R { 3 } -DF) is a function f : V ( G ) → { 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 } having the property that...
In Paul’s eschatologically informed reading of Scripture, the Torah was never intended by God to be itself sufficient to secure membership in Abraham’s family. Because membership here had always been secured on the most fundamental level...
A vertex–edge Roman {2}-dominating function on a graph G=(V,E) is a function f:V⟶{0,1,2} satisfying that, for every edge uv∈E with f(v)=f(u)=0, ∑w∈N(v)∪N(u)f(w)≥2. The weight of the function f is the sum ∑a∈...
Since 2016, when the first paper of the double Roman domination appeared, the topic has received considerable attention in the literature. We survey known results on double Roman domination and some variations of the double Roman domination, and a li...
Perfect Roman Dominating Functions and Unique Response Roman Dominating Functions are two ways to translate perfect code into the framework of Roman Dominating Functions. We also consider the enumeration of minimal Perfect Roman Dominating Functions...
Let G be a graph with no isolated vertex and let N(v) be the open neighbourhood of v∈V(G). Let f:V(G)→{0,1,2} be a function and Vi={v∈V(G):f(v)=i} for every i∈{0,1,2}. We say that f is a strongly total Roman dominating function on G if the subgraph i...
Let D=(V(D),A(D)) be a finite, simple digraph and k a positive integer. A function f:V(D)→{0,1,2,…,k+1} is called a [k]-Roman dominating function (for short, [k]-RDF) if f(AN−[v])≥|AN−(v)|+k for any vertex v∈V(D), wher...
Let G be a graph with no isolated vertex and f:V(G)→{0,1,2} a function. Let Vi={v∈V(G):f(v)=i} for every i∈{0,1,2}. The function f is an outer-independent Roman dominating function on G if V0 is an independent set and every vertex in V...
In this paper, we describe the study of total triple Roman domination. Total triple Roman domination is an assignment of labels from {0,1,2,3,4} to the vertices of a graph such that every vertex is protected by at least three units either on itself o...
The centuriations were public lands delimited and divided in regular lots by Rome as a result of the conquest but also the conceptual appropriation of new territories, which were transformed according to particular ideas of space. Despite previous wo...
A double Roman dominating function on a graph G=(V,E) is a function f:V→{0,1,2,3} with the properties that if f(u)=0, then vertex u is adjacent to at least one vertex assigned 3 or at least two vertices assigned 2, and if f(u)=1, then vertex u is adj...
Domination theory is a well-established topic in graph theory, as well as one of the most active research areas. Interest in this area is partly explained by its diversity of applications to real-world problems, such as facility location problems, co...
A total perfect Roman dominating function (TPRDF) on a graph G=(V,E) is a function f from V to {0,1,2} satisfying (i) every vertex v with f(v)=0 is a neighbor of exactly one vertex u with f(u)=2; in addition, (ii) the subgraph of G that is induced by...
This paper is devoted to the study of the quadruple Roman domination in trees, and it is a contribution to the Special Issue “Theoretical computer science and discrete mathematics” of Symmetry. For any positive integer k, a [k]-Roman dominating funct...
A Roman dominating function f of a graph G=(V,E) assigns labels from the set {0,1,2} to vertices such that every vertex labeled 0 has a neighbor labeled 2. The weight of an RDF f is defined as w(f)=∑v∈Vf(v), and the Roman domination number,...
Given a graph G = ( V , E ) , a function f : V → { 0 , 1 , 2 , ⋯ } is said to be a total dominating function if ∑ u ∈ N ( v ) f ( u ) > 0 for every v ∈ V , where N ( v ) denotes the op...
For a graph G=(V,E), an independent Roman dominating function (IRDF) is a function f:V→{0,1,2} having the property that: (1) every vertex assigned a value of 0 is adjacent to at least one vertex assigned a value of 2, (2) there are no two adjace...
Let G be a graph without isolated vertices. A function f : V ( G ) → { 0 , 1 , 2 } is a total Roman dominating function on G if every vertex v ∈ V ( G ) for which f ( v ) = 0 is adjacent to at least one vertex u...
Inspired by the catalyst papers, this essay traces the impact of displacement on existing and emerging identities of groups and individuals which were relocated to ‘frontier’ areas in the aftermath of conflict and conquest by Rome during...
Given a graph G without isolated vertices, a total Roman dominating function for G is a function f:V(G)→{0,1,2} such that every vertex u with f(u)=0 is adjacent to a vertex v with f(v)=2, and the set of vertices with positive labels induces a gr...
Upon examination of Roman landscape paintings preserved in situ and in museums of Naples and Rome, additional evidence has been found for the additive character of creation of imaginary landscapes as well as evidence for using standardized elements a...
A double Roman dominating function on a graph G=(V,E) is a function f:V→{0,1,2,3} satisfying the condition that every vertex u for which f(u)=0 is adjacent to at least one vertex assigned 3 or at least two vertices assigned 2, and every vertex u...
The circum-Mediterranean region is the cradle of ancient civilizations that had their roots in the Holocene. Climate change has been considered a key element that contributed to their rise or fall. The Roman Warm Period (RWP), 200 B.C. to 400 A.D., w...
When applying traditional criteria of Roman urbanism, several settlements in the province of Moesia are not recognised as parts of the urban network. To avoid this, previous criteria of urbanism should be revised. This paper suggests revisions, which...
In Hispania (present-day Spain and Portugal), there are 25 structures documented of classical Roman open-air theatres, of which 10 are in the south, in the Roman Baetica (Andalusia). The Baetica embraced the progress of urbanisation in the time of th...
Roman cities represent the Empire’s broader approach to urban planning, characterized by geometric precision and a strategic layout. Their spatial organization reflects the underlying military and administrative objectives, which can be better...
The Roman site of Carnuntum was once a flourishing center on the frontiers of the Roman Empire. In its heyday as the capital of the province of Pannonia superior, Carnuntum probably covered an area of almost 9 km2. The whole site was divided into a m...
Traditional philological methods in Roman legal scholarship such as close reading and strict juristic reasoning have analysed law in extraordinary detail. Such methods, however, have paid less attention to the empirical characteristics of legal texts...
In this paper I present a model for describing the change in religion that took place during the Roman imperial period, a model that is built around a contrast between orthopraxy and orthodoxy. I begin with a brief survey of the most important earlie...
This study investigates the Roman land division system, centuriation, using LIDAR data and historical data to understand the landscape during the Roman period, in this case between Roman cities such as Siscia and Andautonia. LIDAR data analysis provi...
Let G be a graph with no isolated vertex and f:V(G)→{0,1,2} a function. If f satisfies that every vertex in the set {v∈V(G):f(v)=0} is adjacent to at least one vertex in the set {v∈V(G):f(v)=2}, and if the subgraph induced by the set {...
Metaphors move—and displace—people. This paper starts from this premise, focusing on how elites have deployed metaphors of water and waste to form a rhetorical consensus around the displacement of non-elite citizens in ancient Roman conte...
This article explores the Roman Inquisition’s interest in the dietary practices of suspected heretics throughout the Roman Catholic Mediterranean. In an era marked by rampant religious nomadism and a deep uncertainty about assaying and fixing c...
Many scholars believe that linear perspective existed in classical antiquity, but a fresh examination of two key texts in Vitruvius shows that 1.2.2 is about modularity and symmetria, while 7.Pr.11 describes shading (skiagraphia). Moreover, these new...
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