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World Electric Vehicle Journal, Volume 15, Issue 8

2024 August - 54 articles

Cover Story: The demand for Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) is rising as the world shifts toward electric transport. Proactively integrating EVSE into the power grid could play a key role in the green transition, enabling Electric Vehicles (EVs) to provide essential services like frequency regulation. This paper introduces a novel method for controlling the charging process of EVs to facilitate frequency regulation through a distributed control architecture. This approach supports grid stability while considering the urgency of users' charging needs. Demonstrated with two Renault ZOEs, the results show consistent power sharing and fast, precise frequency control. The paper concludes by outlining potential improvements and future research, emphasizing the role of integrating EVs as service providers in sustainable energy systems. View this paper
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Articles (54)

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,246 Views
20 Pages

To improve the ride comfort and driving stability of automobiles, an optimal sliding mode control (OSMC) strategy based on the enhanced African vultures optimization algorithm (EAVOA) is proposed. Firstly, the structure and operating principle of a s...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design Theory, Method and Control of Intelligent and Safe Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
8,649 Views
21 Pages

Depot Charging Schedule Optimization for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Battery-Electric Trucks

  • Shuhan Song,
  • Yin Qiu,
  • Robyn Leigh Coates,
  • Cristina Maria Dobbelaere and
  • Paige Seles

Charge management, which lowers charging costs for fleets and prevents straining the electrical grid, is critical to the successful deployment of medium- and heavy-duty battery-electric trucks (MHD BETs). This study introduces an energy demand and co...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable EV Rapid Charging, Challenges, and Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
10,350 Views
26 Pages

The electric vehicle (EV) market is expanding rapidly, highlighting the need for enhanced customer perceived value to foster loyalty and competitive differentiation. This study investigates how experience management tools can improve customer experie...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
6,606 Views
14 Pages

Examining Model-Based Fast-Charging and Preconditioning on a Vehicle Level

  • Kareem Abo Gamra,
  • Maximilian Zähringer,
  • Aaron Ladner,
  • Christian Allgäuer and
  • Markus Lienkamp

To establish battery electric vehicles as an attractive alternative to internal combustion vehicles, charging times of 15 min or less are increasingly demanded. This is especially challenging for lower battery temperatures, as this exacerbates the ri...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue EVS37—International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (Seoul, Republic of Korea))
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,092 Views
12 Pages

Spoke-type permanent magnet (STPM) machines have high power density and low cost due to flux concentrated effect and high air-gap flux density, but they can cause high cogging torque and torque ripple. To reduce the cogging torque, the analytical mod...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrical Machine and Power Electronics for the Charging and Drive System of Electric Vehicles (EVs))
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
211 Citations
84,233 Views
47 Pages

This comprehensive systematic review explores the multifaceted impacts of electric vehicle (EV) adoption across technological, environmental, organizational, and policy dimensions. Drawing from 88 peer-reviewed articles, the study addresses a critica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,832 Views
17 Pages

The development of electric vehicles has facilitated intelligent transportation, which requires the swift and effective detection and tracking of moving vehicles. To satisfy this demand, this paper presents an enhanced DeepSORT algorithm. By selectin...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning Applications for Electric Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,733 Views
14 Pages

Enhancing Weather Scene Identification Using Vision Transformer

  • Christine Dewi,
  • Muhammad Asad Arshed,
  • Henoch Juli Christanto,
  • Hafiz Abdul Rehman and ,
  • Amgad Muneer and
  • Shahzad Mumtaz
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

The accuracy of weather scene recognition is critical in a world where weather affects every aspect of our everyday lives, particularly in areas like intelligent transportation networks, autonomous vehicles, and outdoor vision systems. The importance...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Autonomous Vehicles: Security, Optimization and Future Challenges)
  • Review
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,311 Views
16 Pages

A Survey of Hybrid Braking System Control Methods

  • Wenfei Li,
  • Ming Wang,
  • Chao Huang and
  • Boyuan Li

With increasing attention being paid to electric vehicles, hybrid braking systems combining regenerative braking and conventional friction braking have become a hot research topic. Although some important advancements have been achieved in the field...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Modelling and Control Strategies for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,227 Views
20 Pages

This study uses an evolutionary game model to analyze the interplay between Macao residents’ willingness to purchase electric vehicles (EVs) and the government’s promotion strategies. It assesses the effectiveness of incentives like tax e...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Contribution of Electric Vehicles to Realization of Dual Carbon Goal)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,713 Views
19 Pages

In this paper, a time-varying delay output feedback control method based on the potential barrier function is proposed, which can solve the communication delay and field-of-view (FOV) constraints of Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) clusters when communi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,439 Views
22 Pages

Improved Taillight Detection Model for Intelligent Vehicle Lane-Change Decision-Making Based on YOLOv8

  • Ming Li,
  • Jian Zhang,
  • Weixia Li,
  • Tianrui Yin and ,
  • Wei Chen,
  • Luyao Du,
  • Xingzhuo Yan and
  • Huiheng Liu
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

With the rapid advancement of autonomous driving technology, the recognition of vehicle lane-changing can provide effective environmental parameters for vehicle motion planning, decision-making and control, and has become a key task for intelligent v...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Motion Planning and Control of Autonomous Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,865 Views
16 Pages

Land vehicle gravity anomaly measurement relies heavily on global navigation satellite system (GNSS). However, when gravity measurement is carried out in special environments such as forests, valleys and tunnels, GNSS observation quality will inevita...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Vehicle Dynamics Identification, Control and Observer Methods for Autonomous, Electrified Vehicles)
  • Review
  • Open Access
60 Citations
17,873 Views
17 Pages

This study examines the management of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) in electric vehicle (EV) powertrains, considering the challenges of the automotive industry’s transition to electric drivetrains. The growing popularity of electric veh...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,414 Views
26 Pages

This paper presents a comprehensive framework for optimising vehicle performance, integrating advanced simulation techniques with optimisation methodologies. The aim is to find the best racing line, as well as the optimal combination of parameters an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
60 Citations
3,692 Views
22 Pages

Improvement of Operational Reliability of Units and Elements of Dump Trucks Taking into Account the Least Reliable Elements of the System

  • Aleksey F. Pryalukhin,
  • Nikita V. Martyushev,
  • Boris V. Malozyomov,
  • Roman V. Klyuev and ,
  • Olga A. Filina,
  • Vladimir Yu. Konyukhov and
  • Artur A. Makarov
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

The present work is devoted to the analysis of the most important reliability indicators of components of electrical devices of mining dump trucks, and analytical methods of their evaluation are proposed. A mathematical model for calculating the reli...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicle Networking and Traffic Control)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
109 Citations
20,360 Views
27 Pages

This systematic review paper examines the current integration of artificial intelligence into energy management systems for electric vehicles. Using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology, 46 highl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power and Energy Systems for E-mobility)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,313 Views
18 Pages

Sizing a Renewable-Based Microgrid to Supply an Electric Vehicle Charging Station: A Design and Modelling Approach

  • Amirhossein Khazali,
  • Yazan Al-Wreikat,
  • Ewan J. Fraser,
  • Mobin Naderi and ,
  • Matthew J. Smith,
  • Suleiman M. Sharkh,
  • Richard G. Wills,
  • Daniel T. Gladwin,
  • David A. Stone and
  • Andrew J. Cruden
  • + 5 authors+ 0 author

In this paper, an optimisation framework is presented for planning a stand-alone microgrid for supplying EV charging (EVC) stations as a design and modelling approach for the FEVER (future electric vehicle energy networks supporting renewables) proje...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue EVS37—International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (Seoul, Republic of Korea))
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,227 Views
12 Pages

The perception system plays a crucial role by integrating LiDAR and various sensors to perform localization and object detection, which ensures the security of intelligent driving. However, existing research indicates that LiDAR is vulnerable to sens...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design Theory, Method and Control of Intelligent and Safe Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,698 Views
12 Pages

Experimental Investigation of a Distributed Architecture for EV Chargers Performing Frequency Control

  • Simone Striani,
  • Kristoffer Laust Pedersen,
  • Jan Engelhardt and
  • Mattia Marinelli

The demand for electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) is increasing because of the rapid shift toward electric transport. Introducing EVSE on a large scale into the power grid can increase power demand volatility, negatively affecting frequency sta...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Voltage and Frequency Support Control by the EV, New Energy and Energy Storages)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,385 Views
24 Pages

A Multidisciplinary Approach for the Sustainable Technical Design of a Connected, Automated, Shared and Electric Vehicle Fleet for Inner Cities

  • Paul Rieger,
  • Paul Heckelmann,
  • Tobias Peichl,
  • Sarah Schwindt-Drews and ,
  • Nina Theobald,
  • Arturo Crespo,
  • Andreas Oetting,
  • Stephan Rinderknecht and
  • Bettina Abendroth
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

The increasing volume of personal motorized vehicles (PMVs) in cities has become a serious issue leading to congestion, noise, air pollution and high land consumption. To ensure the sustainability of urban transportation, it is imperative to transiti...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design Theory, Method and Control of Intelligent and Safe Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,791 Views
21 Pages

Virtual Energy Storage-Based Charging and Discharging Strategy for Electric Vehicle Clusters

  • Yichen Jiang,
  • Bowen Zhou,
  • Guangdi Li,
  • Yanhong Luo and ,
  • Bo Hu and
  • Yubo Liu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

In order to address the challenges posed by the integration of regional electric vehicle (EV) clusters into the grid, it is crucial to fully utilize the scheduling capabilities of EVs. In this study, to investigate the energy storage characteristics...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
8,446 Views
17 Pages

A Review of Sealing Systems for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

  • Yi Wei,
  • Yanfeng Xing,
  • Xiaobing Zhang,
  • Ying Wang and ,
  • Juyong Cao and
  • Fuyong Yang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

The sealing technology of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is a critical factor in ensuring their performance, impacting driving safety and range efficiency. To guarantee the safe operation of PEMFCs in complex environments, it is essenti...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Revolutionizing the Automotive Landscape: Fuel Cell Applications Powering the Future)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,999 Views
21 Pages

Performance Analysis of Multiple Energy-Storage Devices Used in Electric Vehicles

  • Kiran Raut,
  • Asha Shendge,
  • Jagdish Chaudhari,
  • Ravita Lamba and ,
  • Tapas Mallick and
  • Anurag Roy
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Considering environmental concerns, electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity over conventional internal combustion (IC) engine-based vehicles. Hybrid energy-storage systems (HESSs), comprising a combination of batteries and supercapacitors (SCs...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power and Energy Systems for E-mobility)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
6,875 Views
21 Pages

The modern Internet of Autonomous Vehicles (IoVs) has enabled the development of autonomous vehicles that can interact with each other and their surroundings, facilitating real-time data exchange and communication between vehicles, infrastructure, an...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Internet of Vehicles and Autonomous Connected Vehicle: Privacy and Security)
  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
16,640 Views
23 Pages

Comparative Analysis of Energy Consumption between Electric Vehicles and Combustion Engine Vehicles in High-Altitude Urban Traffic

  • David Sebastian Puma-Benavides,
  • Alex Santiago Cevallos-Carvajal,
  • Angel Guillermo Masaquiza-Yanzapanta,
  • Milton Israel Quinga-Morales and ,
  • Rodrigo Rigoberto Moreno-Pallares,
  • Henrry Gabriel Usca-Gomez and
  • Fernando Alejandro Murillo
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

This analysis compares the energy efficiency and operational costs of combustion vehicles (Hyundai Accent 1.6 L and Chevrolet Sail 1.5 L) with the Nissan Leaf, an electric vehicle, under current fuel and electricity pricing in Ecuador. Combustion veh...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Energy Efficiency of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Minimal Grid Impact)
  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
7,200 Views
22 Pages

Advancing Sustainable Transportation Education: A Comprehensive Analysis of Electric Vehicle Prototype Design and Fabrication

  • Rajesh Ravi,
  • Merouan Belkasmi,
  • Oumaima Douadi,
  • Mustapha Faqir and ,
  • Elhachmi Essadiqi,
  • Fatima Zohra Gargab,
  • Manoranjitham Ezhilchandran and
  • Padmanathan Kasinathan
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

The global shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) has necessitated a paradigm shift in engineering education, emphasizing hands-on experiences and innovative learning approaches. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the design and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
6,190 Views
18 Pages

A Universal Electric Vehicle Outlet and Portable Cable for North America

  • Willett Kempton,
  • Rodney T. McGee and
  • Garrett A. Ejzak

For electric vehicle (EV) charging in North America, three AC connectors are standardized, resulting in a proliferation of charging stations which can only charge one of the three types of EV. We propose a “Universal EV Outlet” that works...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,621 Views
23 Pages

The energy management system of a fuel cell electric robot should be highly responsive to provide the required power for various tactical operations, navigation of different routes, and acceleration. This paper presents a new multi-level online energ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,332 Views
14 Pages

One of the most significant and widely used features currently in autonomous vehicles is the cruise control system that not only deals with constant vehicle velocities but also aims to optimize the safety and comfortability of drivers and passengers....

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,301 Views
17 Pages

The key to improving the fuel economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) lies in the energy management strategy (EMS). Existing EMS often neglects engine operating conditions, leading to frequent start–stop events, which affect fuel ec...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Modelling and Control Strategies for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,954 Views
19 Pages

Integrated Urban Transport and Land-Use Policies in Reducing CO2 Emissions and Energy Consumption: Case Study of a Medium-Sized City in Thailand

  • Prinya Chindaprasirt,
  • Pongrid Klungboonkrong,
  • Sittha Jaensirisak,
  • Natthapoj Faiboun and ,
  • Sina Long,
  • Atit Tippichai and
  • Michael A. P. Taylor
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

In developing cities, transport activities have become one of the primary sources of CO2 emissions and energy consumption owing to rapid economic growth, urbanization, and motorization. Khon Kaen City, Thailand, was chosen as a representative mid-siz...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicle Technology Development, Energy and Environmental Implications, and Decarbonization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
6,145 Views
22 Pages

Dual-Active-Bridge (DAB) DC–DC converters are becoming increasingly favored for their efficiency in transferring electrical power across varying voltage levels. They are crucial in enhancing safety and reliability in various fields, such as ren...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,243 Views
15 Pages

As the market for hybrid and electric vehicles expands, electric motor production and testing technology must be continuously improved to meet the cost and quality requirements of mass production. In order to detect faults in motors during the produc...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrical Machine and Power Electronics for the Charging and Drive System of Electric Vehicles (EVs))
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,249 Views
35 Pages

Frequency Stabilization Based on a TFOID-Accelerated Fractional Controller for Intelligent Electrical Vehicles Integration in Low-Inertia Microgrid Systems

  • Mohamed Abdelkader,
  • Emad M. Ahmed,
  • Emad A. Mohamed,
  • Mokhtar Aly and ,
  • Ahmed Alshahir,
  • Yousef S. Alrahili,
  • Salah Kamel,
  • Francisco Jurado and
  • Loai Nasrat
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

Microgrid systems face challenges in preserving frequency stability due to the fluctuating nature of renewable energy sources (RESs), underscoring the importance of advanced frequency stabilization strategies. To ensure power system stability in situ...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicles and Smart Grid Interaction)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,135 Views
16 Pages

In recent years, the market for used-vehicle trade in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has grown significantly. This is due to the high cost of new vehicles that are not affordable by most buyers and lifting the ban on women drivers. Recently, several onl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning Applications for Electric Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,445 Views
18 Pages

Vehicle Classification Algorithm Based on Improved Vision Transformer

  • Xinlong Dong,
  • Peicheng Shi,
  • Yueyue Tang,
  • Li Yang and ,
  • Aixi Yang and
  • Taonian Liang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Vehicle classification technology is one of the foundations in the field of automatic driving. With the development of deep learning technology, visual transformer structures based on attention mechanisms can represent global information quickly and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,001 Views
14 Pages

A Novel LQI Control Technique for Interleaved-Boost Converters

  • Eiichi Sakasegawa,
  • So Watanabe,
  • Takayuki Shiraishi,
  • Hitoshi Haga and
  • Ralph M. Kennel

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) utilize boost converters to gain a higher voltage than the battery. Interleaved boost converters are suitable for low input voltage, large input current, miniaturization, and hig...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles)
  • Review
  • Open Access
65 Citations
17,421 Views
32 Pages

Energy storage systems play a crucial role in the overall performance of hybrid electric vehicles. Therefore, the state of the art in energy storage systems for hybrid electric vehicles is discussed in this paper along with appropriate background inf...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Voltage and Frequency Support Control by the EV, New Energy and Energy Storages)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,632 Views
27 Pages

This study provides a comprehensive simulation for understanding the influence of EV growth and its external factors on grid stability and offers insights into effective management strategies. To manage the growth of battery-based electric vehicles (...

(This article belongs to the Topic Electric Vehicles Energy Management, 2nd Volume)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,949 Views
31 Pages

Detecting Wheel Slip to Suppress Self-Excited Oscillations in Braking Mode

  • Aleksander V. Klimov,
  • Baurzhan K. Ospanbekov,
  • Akop V. Antonyan,
  • Viktor R. Anisimov and ,
  • Egor A. Dvoeglazov,
  • Danila A. Novogorodov,
  • Andrey V. Keller,
  • Sergey S. Shadrin,
  • Daria A. Makarova and
  • Yury M. Furletov
  • + 6 authors+ 1 author

The wheels of decelerating vehicles in braking mode roll with increased slip, up to complete lock-up, which is a negative phenomenon. This is effectively managed by the anti-lock braking system (ABS). However, in the course of braking, especially bef...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Vehicle Dynamics Identification, Control and Observer Methods for Autonomous, Electrified Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,731 Views
12 Pages

A monocular ranging method for forward vehicles in intelligent driving is proposed. This method measures vehicle distance more accurately under the condition of a single camera and can estimate camera attitude in real-time. For the estimation of came...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,848 Views
18 Pages

This study utilizes a brain—computer interface (BCI)—based deep neural network (DNN) and genetic algorithm (GA) method. This research explores the interaction design of the main control human-machine interaction interfaces (HMIs) for inte...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,758 Views
28 Pages

The reliable operation of a power system requires a real-time balance between supply and demand. However, it is difficult to achieve this balance solely by relying on supply-side regulation. Therefore, it is necessary to cooperate with effective dema...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids: Integration, Optimization, and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,777 Views
13 Pages

Climate change and environmental issues have received increasing attention across the world. China’s governmental targets for carbon peak and carbon neutralization show the ambition and efforts necessary in challenging these problems. The trans...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicle Technology Development, Energy and Environmental Implications, and Decarbonization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
6,083 Views
16 Pages

Vibration Performance Analysis of a Yokeless Stator Axial Flux PM Motor with Distributed Winding for Electric Vehicle Application

  • Xue Yu,
  • Qin Wang,
  • Yu Fu,
  • Hao Chen and ,
  • Jianfu Zhang and
  • Weiwei Geng
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

This article presents a detailed analysis of the electromagnetic force and vibration behavior of a new axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine with a yokeless stator and interior PM rotor. Firstly, the configuration of an AFPM machine with a dual...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrical Machine and Power Electronics for the Charging and Drive System of Electric Vehicles (EVs))
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,070 Views
18 Pages

Investment Decision-Making to Select Converted Electric Motorcycle Tests in Indonesia

  • Tasya Santi Rahmawati,
  • Wahyudi Sutopo and
  • Hendro Wicaksono

The issue of carbon emissions can be addressed through environmentally friendly technological innovations, which contribute to the journey towards achieving net-zero emissions (NZE). The electrification of transportation by converting internal combus...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicle Technology Development, Energy and Environmental Implications, and Decarbonization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,009 Views
19 Pages

The continuous increase in the penetration rate of autonomous vehicles in highway traffic flow has become an irreversible development trend; in this paper, a novel hybrid prediction model of deep sequence learning and an integrated decision tree is p...

  • Review
  • Open Access
39 Citations
15,111 Views
21 Pages

Supercapacitors (SCs) are an emerging energy storage technology with the ability to deliver sudden bursts of energy, leading to their growing adoption in various fields. This paper conducts a comprehensive review of SCs, focusing on their classificat...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power and Energy Systems for E-mobility)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
12,302 Views
23 Pages

This paper examines the impact of psychological factors on consumer purchase intention for electric vehicles (EVs) through the lens of Self-Determination Theory (SDT). By integrating the three dimensions of autonomy, relatedness, and competence, this...

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Electric Vehicle Technology, 2nd Volume)

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World Electr. Veh. J. - ISSN 2032-6653