International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 26, Issue 21

Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a complex disease affecting multiple tissues, including skeletal and cardiac muscles, the brain and the eyes. DM1 results from an expansion of CTG repeats in the 3′ UTR of the DMPK gene. Previously, we describ...

Calcium (Ca²⁺) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is central to excitation–contraction coupling and plays a critical role in the development of skeletal muscle fatigue. Altered Ca²⁺ dynamics may affect not only contractile function but als...

Depression is a common mental disorder during gestation, posing potential risks to fetal development and leading to behavioral and psychiatric alterations in offspring. Pharmacological intervention, particularly with selective serotonin reuptake inhi...

In an aging society, solving problems associated with the diagnosis and treatment of dementia-related diseases represents a serious challenge. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of applying molecular biology methods to test polymorp...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multisystem disorder, with early changes extending beyond basal ganglia circuitries and involving non-dopaminergic pathways, including cerebellar networks. Whether cerebellar dysfunction reflects a compensatory mec...

Traditional anticoagulants used in atrial fibrillation (AF) are being increasingly replaced by novel oral anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban, improving patient outcomes. Although rivaroxaban 20 mg/1× daily is approved to reduce stroke and syste...

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a biliary tract cancer that accounts for approximately 3% of all gastrointestinal cancers. CCA is a “silent” disease that remains undetected for a long period of time, often presenting at an advanced stage with...

Melanogenesis, the key biological process underlying skin hyperpigmentation, is tightly regulated by complex molecular signaling pathways. Consequently, targeting molecular regulators of this pathway is a crucial strategy for developing effective ski...

In this review we offer a guide to organ-on-chip (OoC) technologies, covering the full experimental pipeline, from organoid derivation and culture, through microfluidic device fabrication and design strategies, to perfusion systems and data acquisiti...

Studies in cervical and prostate cancer cells have reported that frequent consumption of foods rich in glycine betaine (GB) and choline have beneficial effects against some types of cancer. However, the role of GB against the human colorectal adenoca...

Improving plant water use efficiency (WUE) and drought tolerance by modulating stomatal activity constitutes a promising strategy for mitigating the impacts of water scarcity. SnRK2, a key component of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, plays...

Chemotherapy with irinotecan (CPT-11) induces intestinal mucositis via oxidative stress and NF-κB-driven cytokine amplification. We investigated the protective effects of the anthocyanidins cyanidin and malvidin (5 mg/kg) in a murine CPT-11 muc...

This study conducted a bioinformatic analysis of two Hyaluronidase-like isoforms (Mn-HyaL1 and Mn-HyaL2) in Macrobrachium nipponense and investigated their phylogenetic relationships. The open reading frames of Mn-HyaL1 and Mn-HyaL2 were 1101 bp (enc...

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a regulatory peptide that stimulates proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells, and promotes neovascularization within the tumor microenvironment, making it a compelling therapeutic target in melanoma and other c...

Sustainable cultivation of Angelica biserrata, a medicinal species with a bioactive coumarin, Osthole, is hindered by inconsistent metabolite accumulation. To address this limitation, we integrated spatiotemporal metabolomics and transcriptomic analy...

Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), stroke, and depression, are marked by progressive neuronal dysfunction and loss, yet current treatments remain largely symptomatic with limited dis...

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy with distinct molecular subtypes that complicate the development of effective therapies. Traditional drug discovery methods are often constrained by high cost and long development timelines, underscoring th...

The accumulation of metabolites and the antioxidant response in new strains of Bracteacoccus minor MZ–Ch31 and MZ–Ch39 isolated from various biotopes were studied. It was found that the antioxidant response of B. minor MZ–Ch31 and M...

Stargardt disease (STGD1), the most common inherited juvenile macular degeneration, is caused by biallelic mutations in the ABCA4 gene. Currently, there is no approved treatment. In this study, we investigated early-stage epigenomic changes in the re...

Lipedema is a chronic, progressive adipose tissue disorder that affects up to 10% of women and is characterized by disproportionate lower-limb fat accumulation, pain, edema, and resistance to conventional weight-loss approaches. Its pathophysiology i...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality, with therapeutic resistance posing the primary barrier to durable outcomes. Beyond genetic and epigenetic alterations, amino acid transporter-driven metabolic reprogrammi...

This review is devoted to research in the field of photodynamic and photothermal therapies for malignant tumors. Special attention in the review is given to photosensitizers based on compounds with a tetrapyrrole ring system, their metal complexes, B...

Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by maternal hypertension accompanied with multi-organ dysfunction, such as maternal hepatic and renal dysfunction. Abnormal placental conditions may play a key role in regulating maternal organ function by promoting...

Parasite control in aquaculture faces challenges primarily due to the drug resistance of traditional chemical treatments, as well as environmental pollution and toxicity. Aquaculture is among the fastest-growing food-producing sectors worldwide, yet...

Tomato fruit malformation causes substantial yield and economic losses, but its molecular mechanisms are not well understood. This study compared floral traits of WT ‘QT57’ and malformed-fruit mutant ‘QT2’, integrated transcri...

Chitosan (CS) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polysaccharide, obtained by the deacetylation of chitin. It has gained significant attention as a versatile material for biomedical applications due to its mucoadhesive properties, ease of chemical m...

The metabolism of hydroquinone (HQ) by tyrosinase presents significant biochemical and dermatological challenges, particularly due to its association with adverse effects such as exogenous ochronosis (EO). Despite its widespread use in skin-lightenin...

The SLC26A4 gene is one of the key genes involved in the etiology of hearing loss. It encodes pendrin, a transmembrane transporter protein functioning as a multifunctional anion exchanger. About 600 pathogenic SLC26A4 variants are known to cause eith...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial skin disorder characterized by immune and barrier dysfunction. The gut–skin axis is a bidirectional pathway through which gut and skin influence each other via microbial metabolites. Bioactive metaboli...

Midline facial clefts are severe craniofacial defects that occur due to an underdeveloped frontonasal process. While genetic studies in mice have identified several genes that are crucial for midfacial development, the interactions and regulatory mec...

The unique cytochrome P450 BM3 from Priestia megaterium (syn. Bacillus megaterium) is renowned for its versatile high catalytic activity. The cyp102A1-LG23 gene encoding its CYP102A1-LG23 mutant variant was expressed in Escherichia coli and Mycolicib...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in histopathology, offering new opportunities to enhance prognostic accuracy and guide immunotherapy in cutaneous melanoma. The prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte...

The revalorization of animal by-products, such as porcine blood, is a key strategy for sustainable aquaculture and circular economy practices. This study aimed to fill the existing knowledge gap on the effects of spray-dried porcine blood hydrolysate...

Zika virus (ZIKV) caused Zika outbreaks and continues to post threats to public health. ZIKV infection may cause congenital abnormalities during pregnancy and neurological manifestations in adults. The recurrent public health threat of Zika in variou...

Among mouse models of neurological disease, Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) provides a unique platform by using a naturally occurring viral trigger, paralleling the role of infections like Epstein–Barr virus in multiple sc...

Zilebesiran represents an innovative antihypertensive therapy employing small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit hepatic angiotensinogen, a key regulator of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. By directly targeting the source of ang...

The gut-brain axis has emerged as a critical pathway influencing central nervous system (CNS) tumor biology through complex microbiome-mediated mechanisms. Understanding these interactions is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies and...

An early and accurate diagnosis of connective tissue diseases-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is crucial for delaying lung fibrosis, but its unknown etiology and the limitations of clinical tools make it challenging for clinicians. PDGF a...

Reconstruction of large and complex hard tissue defects remains a major clinical challenge, as conventional autografts and allografts are often limited in availability, biological compatibility, and long-term efficacy, particularly for extensive defe...

The occurrence and impact of cellular senescence on skin aging and hyperpigmentation is an ongoing area of exploration, encompassing both intrinsic and extrinsic stressors. Traditionally, research has focused on melanocyte and fibroblast senescence d...

T helper 2 (Th2)-mediated dermatoses are inflammatory skin diseases driven by CD4⁺ Th2 cells that produce interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-31, promoting immunoglobulin E (IgE) class switching, eosinophil recruitment, mast cell degranulation, a...

Periodontitis has been suggested to play a role in the etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, evidence remains limited, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ar...

In transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA), misfolded transthyretin accumulates in the myocardium, leading to wall thickening and interstitial fibrosis. Recently published in vitro studies revealed direct effects of transthyretin on the structure...

The use of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) seems to be an alternative therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy due to low-cost synthesis and anticancer activity. In this work, CuNPs’ effects were tested in various concentrations on two types of cel...

Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a biomarker of fibrosis, is involved in post-infarction remodelling, but its short-term prognostic value remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of Gal-3 for new-onset heart failure (HF) in first acute...

The complex interactions between hosts and pathogens represent one of the most dynamic and rapidly evolving areas of biological research, and recent years have witnessed remarkable advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern...

Adenomyosis (AM) is a hormonally responsive uterine disorder defined by ectopic endometrial tissue within the myometrium, causing pain, abnormal bleeding, and subfertility. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)—including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding...

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is increasingly explored as a strategy for myocardial repair and regenerative medicine. Conventional 3D casting often yields heterogeneous cellularization, slow electromechanical maturation, and inadequate vasculari...

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of baldness, characterized by progressive miniaturization of the hair follicle and eventually atrophy. Both genetic and androgenic factors play definite roles in the pathophysiology of the disease,...

This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of a well-characterized cannabidiol (CBD)-rich cannabis extract, CAN296, on T lymphocytes (T cells), particularly Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4⁺) helper and Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8⁺)...