171 Results Found

This paper explores the impact of choice of ventilation setting (“window open”, “new (external) air” and “recirculate”) on in-vehicle carbon monoxide exposures for commuters travelling by car at different times of the day (morning, midday, and evenin...

The presence of ice floes on the water surface has a significant impact on the complex hydrodynamic process of submersible ventilated vehicles exiting the water. In this paper, we propose numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics to...

A small-scale three-degree-of-freedom decompression launch experiment method is used to study the flow characteristics in a ventilated cavity at different transverse velocities. The study subjects are three typical head-shaped underwater vehicles: he...

Thermal comfort is very important for the well-being and safety of vehicle occupants, as discomfort can elevate stress, leading to distracted attention and slower reaction times. This creates a riskier driving environment. Addressing this, high-induc...

Due to current EU regulations, constant-speed testing on test tracks is used for aerodynamic certification of heavy-duty vehicles (HDV). However, the aerodynamic development of HDVs is performed using wind tunnels and computational fluid dynamics (CF...

This paper presents the concepts of a vehicle pressure regulation ventilation system based on the results of absolute pressure measurements in land transport vehicles: passenger cars, buses and trains. Despite the fact that absolute pressure affects...

An increase in the carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration within a vehicle can lead to a decrease in air quality, resulting in numerous adverse effects on the human body. Therefore, it is very important to know the in-vehicle CO₂ concentration level and...

Conventional heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) controllers have been designed to mainly control the temperature of a confined compartment, such as a room or a cabin of a vehicle. Other important parameters related to the thermal comfort...

Internal combustion engine vehicles damage the environment and public health by emitting toxic fumes, such as CO₂ or CO and other trace compounds. The use of electric cars helps to reduce the emission of pollutants into the environment due to the use...

During hot days, the temperature inside vehicles parked under the sun is very high; according to previous studies, the vehicle cabin temperature can be more than 20 °C higher than the ambient temperature. Due to the greenhouse effect, the heating...

With the rapid expansion of urban areas, short naturally ventilated traffic tunnels (NVTTs) have become prevalent in modern cities. However, their enclosed design and inadequate ventilation often lead to the accumulation of vehicle emissions, especia...

This study addresses the control challenge of ventilated supercavitating vehicles during depth-change maneuvers, where variations in speed and depth induce unsteady cavity evolution and nonlinear planing forces. An unsteady cavity evolution model bas...

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of air distribution in a representative railway vehicle equipped with a heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) system is presented in this paper. Air distribution in the passenger’s compartment is...

An approach based on an artificial neural network (ANN) for the prediction of NOx emissions from underground load–haul–dumping (LHD) vehicles powered by diesel engines is proposed. A Feed-Forward Neural Network, the Multi-Layer Perceptron...

Physical distancing and wearing a face mask are key interventions to prevent COVID-19. While this remains difficult to practice for millions of firefighters in fire engines responding to emergencies, the delayed forthcoming of evidence on the effecti...

The automotive industry has set a highly demanding standard to meet customer satisfaction. The paper aimed to detail how quality analysis has been conducted to state the main causes that generated nonconformities of heat, ventilation and air conditio...

The simulation of the ventilation and the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of vehicles could be used in the energy demand management of vehicles besides improving the air quality inside their cabins. Moreover, traveling by pu...

This paper explores the implementation of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in underground mining operations, focusing on their benefits, challenges, and safety considerations. The study examines the shift from traditional diesel-powered machinery to...

Rooftop photovoltaics (PV) and electrical vehicles (EV) have become more economically viable to residential customers. Most existing home energy management systems (HEMS) only focus on the residential occupants’ thermal comfort in terms of indo...

A car cabin’s small volume makes it vulnerable to discomfort if temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels are poorly regulated. In electric vehicles, the HVAC system draws energy from the car battery, reducing the driving range by severa...

A Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system is often utilized in passenger vehicles to enhance the comfort of both the driver and the passengers. The reliability of an HVAC system refers to the probability that a component within the s...

In order to study the influence of pressure-equalizing exhaust at the shoulder of a submarine-launched vehicle on the surface hydrodynamic characteristics, this paper establishes a numerical calculation method based on the VOF multiphase flow model,...

The energy consumption of an electric vehicle is primarily due to the traction subsystem and the comfort subsystem. For a regular trip, the traction energy can be relatively constant but the comfort energy has variation depending on seasonal temperat...

The idea of this research is to develop a method of airflow velocity measurement in underground mines having a network of long-distance crossing tunnels, where inspections of the ventilation system are required. Currently, this time-consuming procedu...

When driving at highway speeds, the airtightness and ventilation mode of the cabin can significantly affect the in-cabin air quality. Accordingly, this study conducted on-road driving experiments along four highways in Tainan City, Taiwan, to examine...

A simulation study was conducted on the hydrogen leakage diffusion process and influencing factors of fuel cell vehicles in enclosed spaces. The results indicate that when hydrogen leakage flows towards the rear of the vehicle, it mainly flows along...

This paper presents the simulation results of the acoustic field around an underwater supercavitation vehicle under various operating conditions and analyzes the cavitation phenomenon and the hydrodynamic noise spectrum. Regarding the ventilated cavi...

In recent years, inclined shafts have been widely used in long mountain tunnels, but the corresponding design and construction technical specifications need to be improved. By means of literature statistics and actual cases, a comprehensive and syste...

The formation and development of an attached cavity at the tail of an underwater moving vehicle involves a complex multiphase flow, which determines the load characteristics and motion stability of the vehicle. In this study, an experimental method w...

This study investigates the fire behaviour of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs) in confined environments such as underground parking facilities and tunnels. Using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), sever...

Inadequate ventilator settings may cause overwhelming inflammatory responses associated with ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we examined potential benefits of glutamine (GLN) on...

We have developed an appropriate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for assessing the exposure to risk of tunnel users during their evacuation process in the event of fire. The effects on escaping users, which can be caused by fire from differe...

The underground mining industry is at the forefront when it comes to unsafe conditions at workplaces. As mining depths continue to increase and the mining fronts move away from the ventilation shafts, gas hazards are increasing. In this article, the...

The model-scale tunnel is used in this investigation to analyze the maximum smoke temperature rise of the interconnected tunnel for various longitudinal ventilation velocities, blockage ratios, and heat release rates where the fire is at the confluen...

Hydrogen jet fires from a thermally activated pressure relief device (TPRD) on onboard storage are considered for a vehicle in a naturally ventilated covered car park. Computational Fluid Dynamics was used to predict behaviour of ignited releases fro...

Public transport is essential for achieving net-zero emissions and sustainable urban growth. Yet, the health implications of indoor air quality (IAQ) in these vehicles are often overlooked, especially as passengers may spend hours in these enclosed s...

A new approach to numerical simulation using the finite element method (FEM) for the rotational motion of discs for railway vehicle disc brake systems was proposed. For this purpose, spatial models of transient heating due to the friction of such sys...

The development of new energy vehicles and road dust removal technologies presents opportunities for constructing urban ventilation systems based on road patterns. However, the impact of road system layouts on pedestrian-level wind environments remai...

This study systematically investigates the velocity characteristics and coupling mechanisms of tunnel flow fields under the interactions of natural wind, traffic wind, mechanical ventilation, and structural factors (such as transverse passages and re...

Preventing the plug-holing phenomena of a natural ventilation system in a shallow underground tunnel is important for improving the ventilation performance, and the tunnel slope has a significant influence on the smoke flow. In this study, the effect...

The supply of fresh air for underground rail transit systems is not as simple as opening windows, which is a conventional ventilation (CV) measure adopted in aboveground vehicles. This study aims to improve contaminant dilution and air purification i...

Motivated by the strong transition to electric mobility we are witnessing currently, in this paper, we present a novel methodology to predict the dynamic behavior of heat, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems for electric vehicles. The app...

This paper presents a specific 3D computational fluid dynamics model to quantify the effects of the combustion of asphalt road pavement on user safety in the event of a fire in a bi-directional road tunnel. Since the consequences on tunnel users and/...

With the increasing intelligence of automobiles, vehicle pre-ventilation can be better controlled. In summer, cars parked in the open air are directly exposed to sunlight; thus, a high-temperature environment is formed in the occupant cabin, which se...

Diaphragmatic pacing has been shown to play a significant role in adult patients with diaphragmatic paralysis and facilitates mechanical ventilation weaning. However, reports on its use in paediatric patients are scarce. This report is about a 4-year...

Introduction: Current building ventilation standards are based on acceptable minimums. Three decades of research demonstrates the human health benefits of increased ventilation above these minimums. Recent research also shows the benefits on human de...

Some European Heavy Duty (HD) vehicle manufacturers have adopted Open Crankcase Ventilation (OCV) systems to improve reliability and performance. The emission compliance of HD vehicles both during certification and In-Service Conformity (ISC) testing...

The idling of automobiles at street intersections can lead to pollutant accumulation which impacts the health of residents in street-facing buildings. Previous research focused on pollutant dispersion within street canyons and did not consider the co...

Air conditioner power consumption accounts for a large fraction of the total power used by hybrid and electric vehicles. This study examined the effects of three different cabin air ventilation settings on mobile air conditioner (MAC) power consumpti...

With the enlargement of underground parking lots, the risk of massive smoke and toxic gases generated during a fire will be increased, resulting in significant casualties, property damage, and difficulties in firefighting operations. To address these...