12,373 Results Found

High-grade osteosarcoma (HGOS), the most common primary malignant tumor of bone, is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a cure rate of approximately 40–50% in unselected patient populations. The major clinical problems opposing the cure of HGOS are the...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by rapid growth, invasive infiltration into surrounding brain tissue, and resistance to conventional therapies. Despite advancements in surgery, radiotherapy, and...

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper airways, for which treatment options include medical or surgical therapy. However, there are limitations to conservative treatment strategies, such as the relapse of nasal polyps....

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder marked by intricate interplay among skin barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and microbial dysbiosis. While therapeutic advancements targeting T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines, such as i...

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado–Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) is a progressive motor disease with no broadly effective treatment. However, most current therapies are based on symptoms rather than the underlying disease mechanisms. In this rev...

Tau protein, a neuron-enriched microtubule-associated protein encoded by the MAPT gene, plays pivotal roles in microtubule stabilisation, axonal transport, and synaptic plasticity. Aberrant post-translational modifications (PTMs), hyperphosphorylatio...

G-quadruplexes (G4s) are unique non-canonical four-stranded nucleic acid secondary structures formed by guanine-rich DNA or RNA sequences. Sequences with the potential to form quadruplex motifs (pG4s) are prevalent throughout the genomes of all organ...

As tumor research has deepened, the deregulation of cellular metabolism has emerged as yet another recognized hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells adapt different biochemical pathways to support their rapid growth, proliferation, and invasion, resulting i...

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a challenging subtype of breast cancer due to its aggressive nature and lack of targeted therapies. Cytokines play a pivotal role in shaping the tumor microenvironment, modulating tumor progression, immune...

Preserving the function and survival of pancreatic beta-cells, in order to achieve long-term glycemic control and prevent complications, is an essential feature for an innovative drug to have clinical value in the treatment of diabetes. Innovative re...

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a challenging hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal plasma cell proliferation, often leading to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in chemotherapy and CAR-T therapies, MM remains incurabl...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with a significant impact on public health. Current treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular-targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Despite...

The presence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) protein in all EBV-carrying tumours constitutes a marker that distinguishes the virus-associated cancer cells from normal cells and thereby offers opportunities for target...

Aggressive and recurrent gynecological cancers are associated with worse prognosis and a lack of effective therapeutic response. Ovarian cancer (OC) patients are often diagnosed in advanced stages, when drug resistance, angiogenesis, relapse, and met...

Tumors pose a significant threat to human health. Although many methods, such as operations, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have been proposed to eliminate tumor cells, the results are unsatisfactory. Targeting therapy has shown potential due to its...

Autophagy is involved in different degenerative diseases and it may control epigenetic modifications, metabolic processes, stem cells differentiation as well as apoptosis. Autophagy plays a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of cartilage, the ti...

Hematologic malignancies, including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, continue to challenge clinicians with complex treatment regimens that often involve significant side effects and limited success, especially in advanced stages. Recent adva...

Uterine mesenchymal tumors (UMTs) are the second most common type of tumors within the uterus corpus after endometrial carcinomas. Among the UMTs, smooth muscle neoplasms are the most common subtype, followed by endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). ESS...

Genome editing technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs, and ZFNs, offer promising approaches to disrupt HPV oncogenes E6 and E7, thereby restoring tumor-suppressor pathways. In this review, we summarize recent preclinical findings demonstrating s...

Despite important advances in the treatment of metastatic melanoma with the development of MAPK-targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, the majority of patients either do not respond to therapies or develop acquired resistance. Furthermore,...

Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) represent a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from neuroendocrine cells and are most commonly localized in the gastroenteropancreatic and pulmonary systems. Overall, most NENs are characterized by...

Strategies to create functional organs and tissues is of great interest for use in regenerative medicine in order to repair or replace the lost tissues due to injury, disease, as well as aging. Several new treatment options, including stem cell treat...

The Hippo pathway transcriptional co-activators, YES-associated protein (YAP) and Transcriptional Co-Activator with PDZ Binding Motif (TAZ), have both been linked to tumor progression and metastasis. These two proteins possess overlapping and distinc...

This detailed review focuses on retroperitoneal undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), a particularly aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma that poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity and complex presentation. By documenti...

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a set of abnormalities caused by prenatal exposure to ethanol and are characterized by developmental defects in the brain that lead to various overt and non-overt physiological abnormalities. Growing eviden...

Worldwide, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being the most aggressive molecular subtype. Due to the dearth of effective therapeutic options for TNBC, novel agents targeting...

RNAs have recently emerged as versatile therapeutic targets, broadening the scope of drug discovery beyond the conventional protein-centered paradigm. Small-molecule-induced RNA degradation has been established as a promising approach, with novel mod...

During aging, several tissues and biological systems undergo a progressive decline in function, leading to age-associated diseases such as neurodegenerative, inflammatory, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this review, we focus on...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a major aggressive primary brain tumor with dismal survival outcome and few therapeutic options. Although Temozolomide (TMZ) is a part of the standard therapy, over time, it can cause DNA damage leading to deleterious...

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a disease characterized by inflammatory recurrence that accompanies the development of pancreatic fibrosis. As the mystery of CP pathogenesis is gradually revealed, accumulating evidence suggests that the activation of pa...

Cancer treatment faces significant challenges due to drug resistance, non-specific toxicity, and limited penetration of therapeutic agents. Here, we discuss the latest advancements in the design and application of tumor-targeted nanoparticles, focusi...

The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is mutated in approximately 25% of all human cancers and is known to be a major player promoting and maintaining tumorigenesis through the RAS/MAPK pathway. Over the years, a large number of studi...

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a common muscle dystrophy typically affecting patients within their second decade. Patients initially exhibit asymmetric facial and humeral muscle damage, followed by lower body muscle involvement. FSH...

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major challenge in perioperative medicine that contributes to pathological damage in various conditions, including ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, acute lung injury, liver transplantation, acute kidney i...

In the wake of the emergence and worldwide respread of a viral infection called Monkeypox (Mpox), there is a serious threat to the health and safety of the global population. This viral infection was endemic to the western and central parts of Africa...

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be a distinct population of cells within a tumor mass that are capable of asymmetric division and known to have chemoresistant characteristics. The description and identification of CSC models in cancer growth...

p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that is mutated in more than 50% of cancer cases. When mutated, it frequently results in p53 oncogenic gain of function (GOF), resulting in a greater tendency to aggregate in the phase separation and phase transition...

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in women and is regarded as one of the most difficult cancers to treat. Currently, studies are being conducted to develop therapeutic agents for effective treatment of ovarian cancer. In this...

Amidst the ongoing global challenge of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the quest for effective antiviral medications remains paramount. This comprehensive review delves into the dynamic landscape of FDA-approved medications repurposed for COVID-19, categori...

Mitochondrial fission is a crucial process in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in normal physiology and under conditions of stress. Its dysregulation has been associated with several metabolic diseases, including, but not limited to, obesity, type 2...

Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules that have key roles in regulating tumor cell death and survival through, in part, the functional roles of ceramide accumulation and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) production, respectively. Mechanistic studies usin...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, none of the current treatments are effective at improving cognitive function in AD patients and, therefore, there is an urgent...

For osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary malignant bone tumor, overall survival has hardly improved over the last four decades. Especially for metastatic OS, novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. A hallmark of cancer is aberrant metabo...

There is an unmet need to develop new treatments for metastatic prostate cancer. With the development of targeted radioligand therapies, bispecific T cell engagers, antibody–drug conjugates and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapies...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal cancer with limited systemic therapeutic options. Liver carcinogenesis is a complex procedure and various pathways have been found to be deregulated which are potential targets for novel treatments. Aberrant...

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key regulator for balancing oxygen in the cells. It is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of target genes involved in oxygen homeostasis in response to hypoxia. Recently, research has demonstr...

Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and lethal forms of brain cancer, with limited therapeutic options and poor patient prognosis. Recent research has identified the TMED family of proteins as key regulators of tumor progression and aggressive...

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder marked by significantly elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) since childhood, substantially increasing the risk of premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease...

The retinoblastoma (RB) transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) is a critical tumor suppressor gene, governing diverse cellular processes implicated in cancer biology. Dysregulation or deletion in RB1 contributes to the development and progression of var...

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is defined as a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is a common chronic liver disease that causes significant worldwide morbidity and mortality, and has no approved pharmacotherapy. Nev...