The junctional epithelium, which lines the inner gingival surface, seals the gingival sulcus to block the infiltration of food debris and pathogens. The junctional epithelium is derived from the reduced enamel epithelium, consisting of late developme...
The adverse environmental conditions found in the periodontium during periodontitis pathogenesis stimulate local autophagy responses, mainly due to a continuous inflammatory response against the dysbiotic subgingival microbiome. The junctional epithe...
Two-dimensional (2D) culture models and animal experiments have been widely used to study the pathogenesis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and to test new treatment approaches. However, neither of them can reproduce the complexity of human p...
Purpose: To elucidate the effects of butyric acid (BA), a metabolite of bacteria involved in periodontitis, and a possible enhancer of the junctional epithelial cells. Methods: A murine junctional epithelial cell line, JE-1, was used to assess the ef...
Lactic acid (LA) is short-chain fatty acid, such as butyric acid and propionic acid, that is produced as a metabolite of lactic acid bacteria, including periodontopathic bacteria. These short-chain fatty acids have positive effects on human health bu...
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of death in men was higher than in women. Using transgenic mice expressing the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infects Leydig cells and uses its steroidogenic...
Understanding asthma’s endotypes is key to advancing precision medicine. Using omics techniques on sputum, bronchial epithelium, and blood have revealed T2 and non-T2 asthma, each which have been further categorized into T2 and non-T2 subgroups...
Disruption of epithelial junctional complex (EJC), especially tight junctions (TJ), resulting in increased intestinal permeability, is supposed to activate the enhanced immune response to gluten and to induce the development of celiac disease (CD). T...
Bicellular tight junctions are multiprotein complexes that are required for maintenance of barrier function and fence function in epithelial tissues. Wound healing in the oral cavity leads to minimal scar formation compared to the skin, and the preci...
The outer blood retina barrier (oBRB) formed by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is critical for maintaining retinal homeostasis. Critical to this modified neuro-epithelial barrier is the presence of the tight junction structure that is formed at...
24 September 2024
Early changes in lung tissue following ionizing radiation (IR) initiate processes that may lead to either regeneration or fibrosis. Intercellular junction proteins play a crucial role in the organization and function of epithelial tissues, both under...
Junctional epithelia are common sites for pathological transformations. In mice, the stratified epithelium of the forestomach joins the simple glandular epithelium of the cardia at the limiting ridge. We previously demonstrated the expression of vita...
Secretion of melatonin, a natural hormone whose receptors are present in the ciliary epithelium, displays diurnal variation in the aqueous humor (AH), potentially contributing to the regulation of intraocular pressure. This study aimed to determine t...
Many diverse viruses target a polarized epithelial monolayer during host invasion. The polarized epithelium is adept at restricting the movement of solutes, ions, macromolecules, and pathogens across the mucosa. This regulation can be attributed to t...
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), a major cause of food poisoning, forms physical pores in the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. The ability of CPE to recognize the epithelium is due to the C-terminal binding domain, which bind...
Airway epithelium repair after infection consists of wound repair, re-synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and tight junction proteins. In humans, EPs® 7630 obtained from Pelargonium sidoides roots reduces the severity and duration of acu...
Background: Chemotherapy treatment of cancer in children can influence formation of normal tissues, leading to irreversible changes in their structure and function. Tooth formation is susceptible to several types of chemotherapy that induce irreversi...
26 September 2023
Evidence showing the functional significance of the choroid plexus is accumulating. Epithelial cells with tight and adherens junctions of the choroid plexus play important roles in cerebrospinal fluid production and circadian rhythm formation. Althou...
The respiratory Influenza A Viruses (IAVs) and emerging zoonotic viruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pose a significant threat to human health. To accelerate our understanding of the host–pathogen respon...
Water transport in epithelia occurs transcellularly (aquaporins) and paracellularly (claudin-2, claudin-15). Recently, we showed that downregulated tricellulin, a protein of the tricellular tight junction (tTJ, the site where three epithelial cells m...
The oral cavity is the gateway for microorganisms into your body where they disseminate not only to the directly connected respiratory and digestive tracts but also to the many remote organs. Oral microbiota, travelling to the end of the intestine an...
In epithelia, large amounts of water pass by transcellular and paracellular pathways, driven by the osmotic gradient built up by the movement of solutes. The transcellular pathway has been molecularly characterized by the discovery of aquaporin membr...
Atrophic vaginitis is very common in postmenopausal women due to declining estrogen levels. Vitamin D plays an important role in promoting epithelial cell proliferation, migration and adhesion. We established a rat model of ovariectomy (OVX) induced...
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are notorious foodborne pathogens, capable of causing severe diarrhea and life-threatening complications in humans. Cattle, acting as both primary reservoirs and asymptomatic carriers of STEC, predominant...
Hyperglycemia elicits tight junction disruption and blood-retinal barrier breakdown, resulting in diabetes-associated vison loss. Eucalyptol is a natural compound found in eucalyptus oil with diverse bioactivities. This study evaluated that eucalypto...
Transmembrane proteins of adherens and tight junctions are known targets for viruses and bacterial toxins. The coronavirus receptor ACE2 has been localized at the apical surface of epithelial cells, but it is not clear whether ACE2 is localized at ap...
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a typical type-2 inflammation involving several cytokines and is associated with epithelial cell dysfunction. Oncostatin M (OSM) (belonging to the interleukin(IL)-6 family) could be a key driver of...
Appropriate soluble carbohydrate (SCHO)-to-NDF ratios in the diet are essential for rumen health. The effects of different SCHO-to-NDF ratios (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) on rumen barrier function and inflammation in Dumont lambs (n = 18, 6 replicates per tre...
Claudin-2 is expressed in the tight junctions of leaky epithelia, where it forms cation-selective and water permeable paracellular channels. Its abundance is under fine control by a complex signaling network that affects both its synthesis and turnov...
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) acts as an outer blood–retinal barrier that limits the access of circulating xenobiotics to the eye. In addition, the RPE limits posterior elimination of intravitreally injected drugs to circulation. Thus, permeation...
The retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell monolayer forms the outer blood–retinal barrier and has a crucial role in ocular pharmacokinetics. Although several RPE cell models are available, there have been no systematic comparisons of their barrier pr...
Ionizing radiation (IR) causes disturbances in the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Given the therapeutic potential of ouabain, a specific ligand of the Na,K-ATPase, we tested its ability to protect against IR-induced disturbances in the barr...
The role of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in ruminal fermentation is well studied, but their effects on the ileal microbiome and epithelial health remain less explored. In this study, we investigated the impact of the exogenous oral infusion of three V...
The oropharyngeal mucosal epithelia have a polarized organization, which is critical for maintaining a highly efficient barrier as well as innate immune functions. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) disea...
Many genomic, anatomical and functional differences exist between the medullary (MTAL) and the cortical thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (CTAL), including a higher expression of claudin-10 (CLDN10) in the MTAL than in the CTAL. Therefore, we...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of blindness in Western nations. AMD models addressing specific pathological pathways are desired. Through this study, a best-practice protocol for polarized porcine single-eye retinal pigment...
Inflammation and fibrosis are important components of diseases that contribute to the malfunction of epithelia and endothelia. The Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) GEF-H1/ARHGEF-2 is induced in disease and stimulates inflammatory and fibr...
The evolutionarily conserved Notch signalling pathway regulates the fate, proliferation and differentiation of cells in most developing organs, thus affecting their morphogenesis and function. Here, we investigated the role of the Notch2 receptor in...
Serodominant group 1 allergens of house dust mites (HDMs) are cysteine protease digestive enzymes. By increasing the detection of any allergen by dendritic antigen presenting cells, upregulating inflammatory signalling molecules, and activating cells...
(1) Background: The expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) is disrupted in breast cancer, and re-expression of this protein in human breast cancer cell lines leads to decreased proliferation and invasiveness, suggesting a tumor suppressive role. This study...
The oral mucosa, which is the lining tissue of the oral cavity, is a gateway to the body and it offers first-line protection against potential pathogens, exogenous chemicals, airborne allergens, etc. by means of its physical and microbiological-immun...
(1) Background: Respiratory allergens, particularly ragweed (RW) pollen and house dust mites (HDMs), are major triggers of respiratory inflammation and allergic diseases. This study investigated the impact of single- versus combined-allergen exposure...
The renal collecting duct fine-tunes urinary composition, and thereby, coordinates key physiological processes, such as volume/blood pressure regulation, electrolyte-free water reabsorption, and acid-base homeostasis. The collecting duct epithelium i...
It is proposed that prebiotic diet supplements improve intestinal function, in part by improving the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium with an associated increase in the expression of tight junction proteins, including occludin and zonula...
The establishment of a functional trophectoderm (TE) epithelium is an essential prerequisite for blastocyst formation and placentation. Transcription coactivator yes-associated protein (YAP), a downstream effector of the hippo signaling pathway, is r...
The intestinal epithelium is a major barrier that limits the absorption of oral drugs. The integrity of the epithelial tissue is a very important factor for preventing intestinal diseases. However, destabilization of the epithelium can promote the tr...
Connexins are important proteins involved in cell-to-cell communication and cytodifferentiation during renewal and cornification of the multilayered epithelia. So far, there is a lack of reports on this subject in birds’ structurally different...
The intestinal epithelium performs vital functions such as nutrient absorption and acting as an intestinal barrier to maintain the host’s homeostasis. Mycotoxin, which affects the processing and storage of animal feedstuff, is a problematic pol...
The intestinal epithelium forms a physical barrier assembled by intercellular junctions, preventing luminal pathogens and toxins from crossing it. The integrity of tight junctions is critical for maintaining intestinal health as the breakdown of tigh...
The present experiment aimed to research the effects of glutamine (Gln) on the digestive and barrier function of the ruminal epithelium in Hu lambs fed a high-concentrate finishing diet containing some soybean meal and cottonseed meal. Thirty healthy...
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