Water is the basis for human survival and growth, and it holds great importance for ecological and environmental protection. The Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) is known as the “Water Tower of Asia”, where water influences changes in the global...
Satellite imagery-based solar irradiance mapping studies are essential for large-scale solar energy assessments but are limited in spatial resolution and accuracy. Despite efforts to increase map resolution by correcting inaccuracies caused by shadow...
The remote-sensing based Flood Crop Loss Assessment Service System (RF-CLASS) is a web service based system developed and managed by the Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems (CSISS). The system uses Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrora...
Existing sub-grid parameterization schemes for clear-sky direct solar radiation (SPS-CSDSR) assume that the sub-grid cells have the same atmospheric transparency. This study shows that in undulating terrain, significant errors can occur when the sub-...
In atmospheric modeling, sub-grid parameterization is an important method for studying the topographic effects of solar radiation using high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. For reducing the amount of computation, some approximate metho...
Detecting the variations in snow cover aging over undulating alpine regions is challenging owing to the complex snow-aging process and shadow effect from steep slopes. This study proposes a novel snow-cover status index, namely shadow-adjusted snow-a...
Global warming and intensified human activities increase flood disasters, causing annual casualties and economic losses. Mountain shadows are a major source of interference in floodwater extraction from SAR imagery, severely impacting the accuracy of...
Preprocessing Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data is a crucial initial stage in leveraging SAR data for remote sensing applications. Terrain correction, both radiometric and geometric, and the detection of layover/shadow areas hold significant import...
The accurate extraction of mountainous cropland from remote sensing images remains challenging due to its fragmented plots, irregular shapes, and the terrain-induced shadows. To address this, we propose a deep learning framework, SE-ResUNet, that int...
High-quality road network information plays a vital role in regional economic development, disaster emergency management and land planning. To date, studies have primarily focused on sampling flat urban roads, while fewer have paid attention to road...
Shadow in remote sensing images can obscure important details of land features, making shadow detection crucial for enhancing the accuracy of subsequent analyses and applications. Current shadow detection methods primarily rely on the spectral inform...
Uniaxial trackers are widely employed as the frame for solar photovoltaic (PV) panel installation. However, when used in sloping terrain scenarios such as mountain and hill regions, it is essential to apply a solar-tracking strategy with the sloping...
The lunar polar regions are key areas for future exploration due to the long-term continuous illumination and persistently shadowed regions that can cold trap abundant water and other volatiles. However, the complex terrain, dynamic lighting, and sol...
Hazard detection is fundamental for a safe lunar landing. State-of-the-art autonomous lunar hazard detection relies on 2D image-based and 3D Lidar systems. The lunar south pole is challenging for vision-based methods. The low sun inclination and the...
Small-scale placer mining in Colombia takes place in rural areas and involves excavations resulting in large footprints of bare soil and water ponds. Such excavated areas comprise a mosaic of challenging terrains for cloud and cloud-shadow detection...
To accurately achieve side scan sonar (SSS) image target detection, a novel target detection algorithm based on a neutrosophic set (NS) and diffusion maps (DMs) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the neutrosophic subset images were obtained by trans...
This study focuses on the recovery of information from shadowed pixels in RGB or multispectral imagery sensed from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The proposed technique is based on the concept that a property characterizing a given surface is its s...
High mountain terrains, with steep slopes and deep valleys, are generally challenging areas to monitor using satellite earth observation techniques since the terrain creates perspective distortions and differences in illumination that can occlude or...
It is significant to study the vegetation of protected areas in rugged mountains where the vegetation grows naturally with minimal eco-society environmental stress from anthropogenic activities. The shadow-eliminated vegetation index (SEVI) was used...
Topography complicates the modeling and retrieval of land surface albedo due to shadow effects and the redistribution of incident radiation. Neglecting topographic effects may lead to a significant bias when estimating land surface albedo over a sing...
Correction of spectral reflectance for shadow and topography in optical remote sensing data is challenging. Here, we corrected for canopy self-shadowing in an evergreen conifer forest in mountainous terrain using a three-dimensional (3D) point cloud....
Current lake and reservoir water body extraction algorithms are confronted with two critical challenges: (1) design dependency on specific geographical features, leading to constrained cross-regional adaptability (e.g., the JRC Global Water Body Data...
Accurate terrain models are critical for studying the formation and development of slot canyons. However, for slot canyon landforms, it is challenging to generate comprehensive and high-resolution morphological data by individual observation due to t...
This article presents a methodology for estimating total incoming solar radiation from Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) topographic meshes. The algorithm also computes terrain slope degree and aspect (slope orientation) and accounts for self shadin...
The efficient acquisition and processing of large-scale terrain data has always been a focal point in the field of photogrammetry. Particularly in complex mountainous regions characterized by clouds, terrain, and airspace environments, the window for...
The inclusion of physiographic and atmospheric influences is critical for spatial modeling of orographic precipitation in complex terrains. However, attempts to incorporate cloud cover frequency (CCF) data when interpolating precipitation are limited...
The accurate prediction of a signal’s attenuation is essential for the development of reliable, modern, mobile radio-communication networks. In this study, the accuracies of four propagation models in diverse terrains and environments were anal...
Digital elevation models (DEMs), which can provide an accurate description of planetary surface elevation changes, play an important role in scientific tasks such as long-distance path planning, terrain analysis, and planetary surface reconstruction....
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become essential tools with diverse applications across multiple sectors, including remote sensing. This paper presents a trajectory planning method for a team of UAVs aimed at enhancing covert video sensing in un...
Urban regulations in Amman, Jordan, enforce uniform building setbacks irrespective of topography, exacerbating shading effects and compromising daylight access in residential areas—a critical factor for occupant health and psychological well-be...
In recent years, Vision-Based Navigation (VBN) techniques have emerged as a fundamental component to enable autonomous spacecraft operations, particularly in challenging environments such as planetary landings, where ground control may be limited or...
In the process of using InSAR technology to identify active landslides, phenomena such as steep terrain, dense vegetation, and complex clouds may lead to the missed identification of some landslides. In this paper, an active landslide identification...
Aquaculture has the potential to sustainably meet the growing demand for animal protein. The availability of water is essential for aquaculture development, but there is no knowledge about the potential inland water resources of the Rwenzori region o...
Radar-specific imaging geometric distortions (including foreshortening, layover, and shadow) that occur in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired over mountainous areas have a negative impact on the suitability of the interferometric SAR (InS...
Alpine lakes located in high-altitude mountainous regions act as vital sentinels of environmental change. Remote-sensing-based identification of these lakes is crucial for understanding their response to climate variations and for assessing associate...
The result of the multidisciplinary collaboration of researchers from different areas of knowledge to validate a solar radiation model is presented. The MAPsol is a 3D local-scale adaptive solar radiation model that allows us to estimate direct, diff...
Off-road navigation in forest environments is a challenging problem in field robotics. Rovers are required to infer their traversability over a priori unknown and dynamically changing forest terrain using noisy onboard navigation sensors. The problem...
Ground-based synthetic aperture radar interferometry (GB-InSAR) is a valuable tool for deformation monitoring. The 2D interferograms obtained by GB-InSAR can be integrated with a 3D terrain model to visually and accurately locate deformed areas. The...
Radiometric Terrain Corrected (RTC) gamma nought backscatter, which was introduced around a decade ago, has evolved into the standard for analysis-ready Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. While working with RTC backscatter data is particularly adva...
The lower Yarlung Zangbo River Basin’s Great Bend region, characterized by extreme topography and intense orographic precipitation processes, presents significant challenges for accurate precipitation estimation using reanalysis products. There...
The accurate prediction of path loss is essential for planning and optimizing communication networks, as it directly impacts the user experience. In 5G signal propagation, the mix of varied terrain and dense high-rise buildings poses significant chal...
Topography affects the fraction of scene components of the canopy and background, resulting in the observed reflectance distortion. Modeling the canopy reflectance over rugged terrain needs to account for topographic effects. For this purpose, the ex...
In mounted photovoltaic (PV) facilities, energy output losses due to inter-row shading are unavoidable. In order to limit the shadow cast by one module row on another, sufficient inter-row space must be planned. However, it is not uncommon to see PV...
Surface water is a critical natural resource, but its mapping accuracy is vulnerable to cloud cover, snow, shadows, and diverse roofing materials. Recognizing the limitations of a single threshold segmentation method that fails to achieve high-precis...
Accurate monitoring of snow and ice cover is essential for climate research and disaster management, but conventional remote sensing methods often struggle in complex terrain and fog-contaminated conditions. To address the challenges of high-resoluti...
Classifying land cover in mountainous areas has always been challenging due to the high diversity of ecosystems and the complexity of the spectral–temporal–spatial relationships caused by the rugged terrain. This paper introduces multi-ye...
Precise extraction of rural settlements in alpine regions is critical for geographic data production, rural development, and spatial optimization. However, existing deep learning models are hindered by insufficient datasets and suboptimal algorithm s...
Cloud and cloud shadow segmentation is one of the most critical challenges in remote sensing image processing. Because of susceptibility to factors such as disturbance from terrain features and noise, as well as a poor capacity to generalize, convent...
The surface water extraction algorithm based on satellite remote sensing images is advantageous as it is able to obtain surface water information in a relatively short time. However, when it is used to extract information on surface water in large-sc...
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is an effective technology for generating high-precision digital elevation models (DEMs). However, the vertical accuracy of InSAR DEMs is limited by the contradiction between height measurement sensiti...
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