Development of a Solar-Tracking System for Horizontal Single-Axis PV Arrays Using Spatial Projection Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Modeling of Automatic Tracking for Horizontal Single-Axis PV Arrays on Sloping Terrain
2.1. Formulation of Solar Irradiance Intensity
2.2. Shadow Modelling for the Horizontal Single-Axis Tracker
2.2.1. Shadow Model on the Horizontal Plane
2.2.2. Shadow Model on the Sloping Terrain
2.3. Horizontal Single-Axis Tracking Strategy for Sloping Terrain
2.4. PV Power Output Model
3. Simulation of a Flat Uniaxial Tracking Strategy on Sloping Terrain
3.1. Site Characteristic Parameters
3.2. Development of Simulation Modules
3.3. Winter Solstice Typical Moments Simulation
3.4. Simulation Analysis of Different Sloping Terrains on the Winter Solstice
4. Comparative Study and On-Site Validation
4.1. Comparison of Simulation Results
4.2. On-Site Validations
5. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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Key Parameters | Values |
---|---|
Latitude φ | 38.67 °N |
Longitude e | 106.67 °E |
Slope angle i | −9°~+9° |
Width of PV string a | 1.984 m |
Length of PV string b | 26.784 m |
Number of strings in a PV array | 16 |
Number of PV panels in a string | 27 |
Horizontal array spacing L | 5.00 m |
Ground reflectance ρ | 0.20 |
Atmospheric transparency coefficient P | 0.703 |
Key Parameters | Values |
---|---|
Rated power | 365 W |
Short-circuit current | 9.84 A |
Open-circuit voltage | 47.85 V |
Operating temperature | −40 °C~+80 °C |
Module dimensions | 1984 × 992 × 30 mm |
Mass | 26 ± 0.5 kg |
Np | 3 |
Ns | 24 |
Cell type | Monocrystalline silicon |
Tracking range * | −45°~+45° |
Sloping Angle i | Solar Irradiance (W·h/m2) | Difference (Based on I = 0°) |
---|---|---|
−9° | 2735.83 | −3.1% |
−6° | 2778.20 | −1.6% |
−3° | 2811.77 | −0.4% |
0° | 2824.06 | 0.0% |
3° | 2813.54 | −0.4% |
6° | 2779.82 | −1.6% |
9° | 2736.09 | −3.1% |
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Huang, B.; Huang, J.; Xing, K.; Liao, L.; Xie, P.; Xiao, M.; Zhao, W. Development of a Solar-Tracking System for Horizontal Single-Axis PV Arrays Using Spatial Projection Analysis. Energies 2023, 16, 4008. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104008
Huang B, Huang J, Xing K, Liao L, Xie P, Xiao M, Zhao W. Development of a Solar-Tracking System for Horizontal Single-Axis PV Arrays Using Spatial Projection Analysis. Energies. 2023; 16(10):4008. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104008
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Bin, Jialiang Huang, Ke Xing, Lida Liao, Peiling Xie, Meng Xiao, and Wei Zhao. 2023. "Development of a Solar-Tracking System for Horizontal Single-Axis PV Arrays Using Spatial Projection Analysis" Energies 16, no. 10: 4008. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104008