Initial defects, for example, those occurring during the production of a rotor blade, encourage early damages such as rain erosion at the leading edge of wind turbine rotor blades. To investigate the potential that initial defects have for early dama...
Utilising cooling stimulation as a thermal excitation means has demonstrated profound capabilities of detecting sub-surface metal loss using thermography. Previously, a prototype mechanism was introduced which accommodates a thermal camera and coolin...
The majority of catastrophic wheelset failures are caused by surface opening fatigue cracks in either the wheel tread or wheel inner. Since failures in railway wheelsets can cause disasters, regular inspections to check for defects in wheels and axle...
Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) based on phase extraction for detecting the subsurface defects in ferromagnetic steel plate was investigated. The relationship between electromagnetic field phase and the subsurface defect was analyzed. Low-frequency alter...
In nanomaterials, the surface or the subsurface structures influence the friction behaviors greatly. In this work, nanoscale friction behaviors between a rigid cylinder tip and a single crystal copper substrate are studied by molecular dynamics simul...
A new method to measure the depth of subsurface defects in additive manufacturing components is proposed based on the velocity dispersion analysis of Lamb waves by the wavelet-transform of laser ultrasound. Firstly, the mode-conversion from laser-gen...
During the manufacturing of precision optical elements, subsurface defects seriously affect the performance of the elements, leading to the enhancement of light fields, an increase in laser absorption and an decrease in mechanical properties. It has...
The detection and restoration of subsurface defects are essential for ensuring the structural reliability of airport runways. Subsurface inspections can be performed with the aid of a robot equipped with a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). However, int...
Detection and characterisation of hidden corrosion are considered challenging yet crucial activities in many sensitive industrial plants where preventing the loss of containment or structural reliability are paramount. In the last two decades, infrar...
The qualitative measurement is a common practice in infrastructure condition inspection when using Infrared Thermography (IRT), as it can effectively locate the defected area non-destructively and non-contact. However, a quantitative evaluation becom...
Lock-in thermography is a widely adopted infrared nondestructive testing technique that detects subsurface defects by applying modulated thermal waves and analyzing the resulting surface temperature variations. However, quantitatively characterizing...
We developed a new approach for sizing subsurface defects in the square pulse thermography of metallic plates by employing the oriented gradient of histograms. To size defects with high accuracies is still a challenge in infrared (IR) thermography to...
Laser-induced damage on fused silica optics remains a major issue that limits the promotion of energy output of large laser systems. Subsurface impurity defects inevitably introduced in the practical polishing process incur strong thermal absorption...
Due to its excellent high-temperature resistance and fatigue properties, 8Cr4Mo4V high-temperature bearing steel has become a critical material for aero-engine main shaft bearings. Consequently, the surface integrity of this material after grinding d...
Subsurface inclusions are one of the most common defects that affect the inner quality of continuous casting slabs. This increases the defects in the final products and increases the complexity of the hot charge rolling process and may even cause bre...
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used in geotechnical engineering. Real-time detection in complex geological environments, combined with the strict power constraints of embedded devices, makes Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platf...
Detection of subsurface defects is undeniably a growing subfield of infrared non-destructive testing (IR-NDT). There are many algorithms used for this purpose, where non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is considered to be an interesting alternati...
Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT & E) plays a vital role in the inspection of wide varieties of materials without influencing their future serviceability [...]
This article presents a method for detecting defects and assessing their size in soft magnetic composites (SMCs) based on magnetograms obtained from a magnetic field camera and a numerical analysis of the magnetic field around them. For the purpose o...
This study reviews advanced methods for corrosion detection and characterization in pipes using thermography, with a focus on addressing the limitations posed by small datasets. Thermography captures temperature distributions on the surface of pipes...
Lock-in thermography is a widely used nondestructive testing technique for detecting subsurface defects in solid materials. In this study, one-dimensional analytical modeling and three-dimensional finite element simulations were combined to elucidate...
Oxygen adsorption at metal oxide (MOX) surfaces and the formation of sub-surface depletion zones in thin nanometric sheets of MOX materials are theoretically investigated. It is shown that—under conditions of sufficient oxygen mobility—th...
Detecting the defects of a battery on the surface and edge has always been difficult, especially for concave and convex ones, thereby seriously affecting its quality. Thus, sub-regional Gaussian and moving average filtering are innovatively proposed...
Pore and crack formation in parts produced by additive manufacturing (AM) processes, such as laser powder bed fusion, is one of the issues associated with AM technology. Surface and subsurface cracks and pores are induced during the printing process,...
With increased use of light-weight materials with low factors of safety, non-destructive testing becomes increasingly important. Thanks to the advancement of infrared camera technology, pulse thermography is a cost efficient way to detect subsurface...
Accurate and non-destructive technology for detection of subsurface defect has become a key requirement with the emergence of various ultra-precision machining technologies and the application of ultra-precision components. The combination of acousti...
Laser ultrasonic technology can provide a non-contact, reliable and efficient inspection of train rails. However, the laser-generated signals measured at the railhead are usually contaminated with a high level of noise and unwanted wave components th...
Recently, thermographic testing has been applied as a non-destructive evaluation technology for composite materials due to its remarkable advantages, such as its non-contact, non-destructive, and high-speed properties, it is harmless to the human bod...
Annotated datasets play a significant role in developing advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) models that can detect bridge structure defects autonomously. Most defect datasets contain visual images of surface defects; however, subsurface defect dat...
In this work, a known Eddy Current (EC) model is adapted to characterize subsurface defects in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates intended for the civil aerospace industry. The considered defects include delaminations, microcracks, porosit...
The fatigue behaviour of an AlSi10Mg alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and subjected to different surface finishing processes was investigated paying special attention to the residual defects on the surface and the dominant fatigue f...
Surface and sub-surface atomic configurations are critical for catalysis as they host the active sites governing electrochemical processes. This study employs density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Monte Carlo simulations combined with the...
The early condition-based assessment of civil infrastructures plays an essential role in extending their service life, preventing undesirable sudden failures, and reducing maintenance and rehabilitation costs. One of the most commonly used and fastes...
Fibre metal laminates are widely implemented in the aerospace industry owing to the merits of fatigue resistance and plastic properties. An effective defect assessment technique needs to be investigated for this type of composite materials. In order...
The sugar mill roller shaft is one of the critical parts of the sugar industry. It requires careful manufacturing and testing in order to meet the stringent specification when it is used for applications under continuous fatigue and wear environments...
We introduce a robust low-budget Kelvin probe design that is optimized for the long-term acquisition of surface photovoltage (SPV) data, especially developed for highly resistive systems, which exhibit—in contrast to conventional semiconductors...
Monolayer 2H-MoS2 has been widely noticed as a typical transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). However, monolayer MoS2 is limited to a narrow range of applications due to poor detection sensitivity caused...
An innovative magnetostatic force sensor consisting of a laser source, a tiny cantilever beam, and a small permanent magnet was developed and used for defect inspection in ferromagnetic samples in the present article. The penetrating zone within a fe...
This paper presents an eddy current approach for testing, estimating, and classifying CFRP plate sub-surface defects, mainly due to delamination, through specific 2D magnetic induction field amplitude maps. These maps, showing marked fuzziness conten...
Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) is a famous scintillator that has the advantages of high efficiency, high light yield, and fast decay after being doped with active ions. F centers (oxygen vacancies with two electrons) and antisite defects are the most important def...
Owing to global energy demands and climate change resulting from fossil fuel use, technologies capable of converting greenhouse gases into renewable energy resources are needed. One such technology is photocatalytic CO2 reduction, which utilises sola...
In this work, enhanced thermal data processing is developed with experimental procedures, improving visualization algorithm for sub-surface defect detection on industrial composites. These materials are prone to successful infrared nondestructive inv...
Since conventional techniques are ineffective for NO removal at low concentrations, photocatalysis has become attractive in this regard, recently. However, in practice, photocatalytic NO removal has drawbacks such as limited light absorption and the...
The paper studies the influence of diamond grinding, lapping, and polishing on the surface layer and defectiveness of the Al2O3/TiC and SiAlON ceramic samples. The index of defectiveness ID, which is the product of the defect density and the defectiv...
Thermomechanical action during high-performance diamond grinding of sintered cutting Al2O3/TiC and SiAlON ceramics leads to increased defectiveness of the surface layer of the deposited TiZrN and CrAlSiN/DLC coatings. It predetermines the discontinuo...
The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of micro surface defects introduced by the focused ion beam (FIB) technique on the fracture strength of ceramics. Three-point bending tests on alumina-silicon carbide (Al2O3/SiC) ceramic composites con...
This study presents the development of a method for the washcoating of Ni/boehmite gels, prepared by the sol–gel process, onto the surface of a commercial ceramic monolith. Indeed, a cordierite monolith in a honeycomb shape was used as the subs...
P-doped graphitic carbon nitride tubes (P-CNTS) with different P concentrations were successfully fabricated via a pre-hydrothermal in combination with a calcination process under a nitrogen atmosphere. The as-prepared samples exhibited excellent pho...
A major concern in the modern cement industry is considering how to minimize the CO2 footprint. Thus, cements based on belite, an impure clinker mineral (CaO)2SiO2 (C2S in cement chemistry notation), which forms at lower temperatures, is a promising...
Laser Doppler scanning vibrometry is used for imaging spectral vibration components in a carbon fiber-reinforced composite plate that contains a sub-surface delamination defect caused by hammer impact. The images reveal sideband generation at the loc...
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