Biological, environmental, behavioral, and social factors can influence sleep and lead to sleep disorders or diseases. Sleep disorders are common, numerous, and heterogeneous in terms of their etiology, pathogenesis, and symptomatology. The managemen...
Development of the sleep–wake rhythm has a significant effect on the physical and mental development of children. The sleep–wake rhythm is controlled by aminergic neurons in the brainstem’s ascending reticular activating system, whi...
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and insomnia (IN) complaints represent the most common sleep/wake disorders. Currently, the specific needs of these patients and their relatives, as well as the overall socio-economic burden of IN and EDS remains wi...
In mammals, the circadian clocks network (central and peripheral oscillators) controls circadian rhythms and orchestrates the expression of a range of downstream genes, allowing the organism to anticipate and adapt to environmental changes. Beyond th...
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infectious disease affecting the central nervous system. Recently, the occurrence of TBEV infections has steadily increased, reaching all-time high incidence rates in European countries. Up to 50% of patients with...
The aim of this article is to provide a systematic review of reliability studies of the sleep–wake disorder diagnostic criteria of the international classifications used in sleep medicine. Electronic databases (ubMed (1946–2021) and Web o...
1 January 2003
Sleep-disordered breathing and sleep-wake disturbances are frequent in stroke patients. They deserve attention because they may influence rehabilitation process and functional outcome. In addition, sleep-disordered breathing may increase the risk of...
Background: Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSPD), characterized by delayed sleep-onset and problems with awakening in the morning, is mostly prevalent in adolescents. Several studies have suggested chrono-nutrition could present a possible modifi...
Nocturnal (night) eating syndrome and sleep-related eating disorder have common characteristics, but are considered to differ in their level of consciousness during eating behavior and recallability. To date, there have been no large population-based...
Melatonin occupies a paradoxical position in contemporary sleep medicine: despite its physiological role as a regulator of circadian timing, it is frequently used and perceived as a nonspecific “natural” hypnotic. Although melatonin demon...
Together with (physical and mental) exercise, diet, and social activities, sleep is a key health behavior that occupies one third of our lives, yet remains neglected. In the first part of this review, we present the current knowledge on how sleep pro...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is commonplace among pediatric patients and has a complex, but intimate relationship with psychiatric disease and disordered sleep. Understanding the factors that influence the risk for the development of TBI in pediatric...
Iron deficiency (ID) and restlessness are associated with sleep/wake-disorders (e.g., restless legs syndrome (RLS)) and neurodevelopmental disorders (attention deficit/hyperactivity and autism spectrum disorders (ADHD; ASD)). However, a standardized...
Sleep is a universal, highly preserved process, essential for human and animal life, whose complete functions are yet to be unravelled. Familial recurrence is acknowledged for some sleep disorders, but definite data are lacking for many of them. Gene...
Insomnia is a common and complex disorder, rooted in the dysregulation of circadian rhythms, impaired neurotransmitter function, and disturbances in sleep–wake homeostasis. While conventional hypnotics such as benzodiazepines and Z-drugs are ef...
19 April 2022
Disruption in routine may be related to experiencing negative emotional states and to aggressive behaviors in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The lockdown because of COVID-19 contributed to the disruption of individuals’ routin...
Sleep is essential for health, well-being, creativity, and productivity. Sleep loss and sleep–wake circadian disorders (SWCDs) affect at least one in three individuals but are underdiagnosed and undertreated for different reasons: First, the im...
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness is a neglected tropical disease with a progressive central nervous system (CNS) involvement and marked sleep and circadian rhythm abnormalities. Even though this is a prominent feature of HAT,...
The article presents a review of the relationships between melatonin and neurodevelopmental disorders. First, the antioxidant properties of melatonin and its physiological effects are considered to understand better the role of melatonin in typical a...
The prevalence of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder (CRSWD) among patients with schizophrenia is not clear. The effect of comorbid CRSWD on such patients has also not been fully evaluated yet. Outpatients with schizophrenia in the maintenance phas...
21 June 2020
Exposure to artificial bright light in the late evening and early night, common in modern society, triggers phase delay of circadian rhythms, contributing to delayed sleep phase syndrome and seasonal affective disorder. Studying a unique population l...
Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders. Traditionally, its pathophysiology has been interpreted mainly from the perspective of the central nervous system (CNS). However, accumulating evidence suggests that the microbiota–gut–b...
Orexin plays a significant role in the modulation of REM sleep, as well as in the regulation of appetite and feeding. This review explores, first, the current evidence on the role of orexin in the modulation of sleep and wakefulness and highlights th...
Developmental language disorder (DLD) is frequently associated with other developmental diseases and may lead to a handicap through adolescence or adulthood. The aim of our retrospective study was to characterize DLD subgroups, their etiological fact...
Consciousness is a multifaceted concept, involving both wakefulness, i.e., a condition of being alert that is regulated by the brainstem, and awareness, a subjective experience of any thoughts or perception or emotion. Recently, the European Academy...
With the development of intensive care technology, the number of patients who survive acute severe brain injury has increased significantly. At present, it is difficult to diagnose the patients with disorders of consciousness (DOCs) because motor res...
Sleep state misperception (SSM) is a common issue in insomnia disorder (ID), causing a discrepancy between objective and subjective sleep/wake time estimation and increased daytime impairments. In this context, the hyperarousal theory assumes that su...
Light, through its non-imaging forming effects, plays a dominant role on a myriad of physiological functions, including the human sleep–wake cycle. The non-image forming effects of light heavily rely on specific properties such as intensity, du...
Sleep and wakefulness are fundamental biological functions that support adaptation, cognition, emotional regulation, and adaptive behavior [...]
Hospitalized patients frequently have disordered and poor-quality sleep due to a variety of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. These include frequent nighttime intrusions, insomnia related to pain and unfamiliar environments, dark conditions durin...
Current studies agree on the impact of sleep and circadian rest–activity rhythm alterations in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors. However, research on the duration of this impact is scarce. In this study, we evaluate the impa...
School non-attendance due to difficulties waking up is increasing in Japan, and affected students are commonly diagnosed with orthostatic dysregulation (OD); however, OD-associated sleep problems are overlooked. To date, no sleep-medicine-based treat...
We investigated whether the abnormal rhythms in infants are related to the future development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), using a questionnaire from September to October 2016. The parents of 160 children with ASD (male, n = 123; female, n = 37...
Total sleep time (TST) misperception has been reported in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, previous findings on predictors were inconsistent and predominantly relied on single-night polysomnography, which may alter patients’ sleep percep...
Sleep disorders are among the main comorbidities in patients with a Disorder of Consciousness (DOC). Given the key role of sleep in neural and cognitive functioning, detecting and treating sleep disorders in DOCs might be an effective therapeutic str...
Background: The gold standard for diagnosing sleep bruxism (SB) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is polysomnography (PSG). However, a final hypermotor muscle activity often occurs after apnea episodes, which can confuse the diagnosis of SB when usin...
Background/Objectives: In Japan, the number of elementary and junior high school students who do not attend school is increasing. Sleep problems are considered a contributing factor. Methods: This study utilized self-administered questionnaires about...
Excessive mind wandering is increasingly recognized as a clinically relevant cognitive feature of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet its relationship with sleep-related characteristics remains insufficiently understood. This c...
Sleep disturbances are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and contribute to increased symptom burden. Behavioral sleep hygiene practices are potentially modifiable factors influencing sleep and related symptoms, yet their role in MS remains insufficie...
Objectives: Developmental dyslexia is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition in which motor, perceptual, attentional, respiratory, and sleep-related differences have been reported alongside reading difficulties. This Perspective proposes a prop...
Background: Wake-up stroke (WUS) is a certain type of ischemic stroke in which a patient wakes up with a new neurological deficit due to cerebral ischemia. Sleep-disordered breathing is an independent risk factor for stroke, but the role of nocturnal...
Background: Functional impairments associated with bipolar disorder have a significant impact on daily life, including work, social relationships, and independent living. Bipolar disorder is treated with many approaches, with pharmacotherapy being th...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects multiple neural pathways, leading to a broad spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, are prevalent among...
Population-based evidence on sleep quality in Kazakhstan remains limited. This study describes sleep quality as a multidimensional construct among adults in Kazakhstan using data collected during the first national survey wave after the adoption of a...
Sleep disorders can have harmful consequences in both the short and long term. They can lead to attention deficits, as well as cardiac, neurological and behavioral repercussions. One of the most widely used methods for assessing sleep disorders is po...
Background/Objectives: Based on previous data reporting the status of health professionals’ training about sleep clinical psychophysiology, insomnia, and its treatment in the US and Canada, this paper aims at providing a snapshot of the Italian...
Sleep is a crucial factor for human health and is closely related to quality of life. Sleep disturbances constitute a health problem that should be solved, especially when it affects the elderly. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of inform...
Insomnia is a major problem in the chronic spinal pain (CSP) population and has a negative impact on health and well-being. While insomnia is commonly reported, underlying mechanisms explaining the relation between sleep and pain are still not fully...
Background and Objectives: This study explores gender variations in the associations between lifestyle choices, mental health, and social behaviors among adolescents in the Transylvania region of Romania. The analysis is based on data obtained throug...
Chronic pain and sleep disturbances are frequently associated and profoundly affect the quality of life, creating intertwined physical, emotional, and social challenges. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the molecular mechanisms a...
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