- Article
Evaluating Self-Directed Behaviours and Their Association with Emotional Arousal across Two Cognitive Tasks in Bonobos (Pan paniscus)
- Daan W. Laméris,
- Jonas Verspeek,
- Marina Salas,
- Nicky Staes,
- Jonas R. R. Torfs,
- Marcel Eens and
- Jeroen M. G. Stevens
Self-directed behaviours (SDBs) are widely used as markers of emotional arousal in primates, and are commonly linked to negative arousal, or are used as indicators of stress or poor welfare. However, recent studies suggest that not all SDBs have the...