479 Results Found

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the leading cause of systemic infections in poultry worldwide and has a hidden threat to public health. Escherichia coli type three secretion system 2 (ETT2), similar to the Salmonella pathogenicity island...

Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Harald is a valuable medicinal plant with substantial economic and therapeutic value, widely cultivated in southern China. In 2025, a leaf disease outbreak occurred in an F. multiflora plantation in Tongnan District, Chon...

Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes in many economically important hosts. Many studies have investigated the diversity and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species in common ornamentals, fruits, and vegetables. However...

Species of Colletotrichum are considered important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of host plants. In Italy, several Colletotrichum species have been reported in glasshouse environments. In this study, we have explored the o...

Epidemiological surveillance of bacterial pathogens requires real-time data analysis with a fast turnaround, while aiming at generating two main outcomes: (1) species-level identification and (2) variant mapping at different levels of genotypic resol...

Tar spot is a prevalent fungal disease characterized by shiny black spots on the leaves, stems, and fruits of various plants. It is typically caused by members of the family Phyllachoraceae, which consists of biotrophic and obligate plant parasitic f...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a globally important food legume but its yield is negatively impacted by the fungal pathogen Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei) causing necrotic lesions leading to plant death. Past studies have found that Ascochyta res...

In plants, melatonin is metabolized into several compounds, including the potent antioxidant cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3-OHM). Melatonin 3-hydroxylase (M3H), a member of the 2-oxo-glutarate-dependent enzyme family, is responsible for 3-OHM biosynthe...

Species of the ascomycetous genus Cladobotryum (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) are ecologically and economically important mycoparasites that cause cobweb disease in cultivated and wild mushrooms. Despite their significance as fungal pathogens and produc...

Several Colletotrichum species are able to cause anthracnose disease in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and occur in all coffee production areas worldwide. A planned investigation of coffee plantations was carried out in Southwest Saudi Arabia in October,...

Almost 60% of children with profound prelingual hearing loss (HL) have a genetic determinant of deafness, most frequently two DFNB1 locus (GJB2/GJB6 genes) recessive pathogenic variants. Only few studies combine HL etiology with cochlear implantation...

Colletotrichum species are important plant pathogens, causing anthracnose in virtually every crop grown throughout the world. However, little is known about the species that infect watermelon. A total of 526 strains were isolated from diseased waterm...

All known Clostridioides difficile phages encode integrases rendering them potentially able to lyse or lysogenise bacterial strains. Here, we observed the infection of the siphovirus, CDHS-1 on a ribotype 027 strain, R20291 and determined the phage a...

Research Highlights: Pestalotiopsis pini sp. nov. is an emerging pathogen on stone pine, Pinus pinea L., in Portugal. Background and Objectives: Stone pine is one of the most important forest tree species in Portugal and in the whole Mediterranean ba...

Since 2012, the kiwifruit vine decline syndrome (KVDS) has progressively compromised Italian kiwifruit orchards. Different abiotic and biotic factors have been associated with the establishment and development of KVDS. During monitoring of orchards a...

Pseudogymnoascus is a psychrophilic fungus, which is a genus widely distributed in cold regions around the world. Recently, the presence of Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), the causative agent of white-nose syndrome (WNS) belonging to Pseudogy...

Alternaria leaf blight has recently been described as an emerging fungal disease of apple trees which is causing the significant damage in the apple-growing areas of Tianshui and Jingning, Gansu, China. In the present study, the pathogen species invo...

Colletotrichum is an important phytopathogenic fungus that causes anthracnose disease in diverse agronomically important tropical food crops. Accurate pathogen identification is critical for early diagnosis and efficient management of anthracnose. IT...

Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal opportunistic mycosis that affects the lungs and central nervous system. It has been suggested that certain strains of C. neoformans/C. gattii may have the potential to be more virulent according to the molecular...

The Fusarium species is an important plant pathogen that can cause plant diseases in grassland, leading to the degradation of grassland quality. However, the morphology of Fusarium is greatly affected by environmental factors, which makes it difficul...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a major food legume providing high quality nutrition, especially in developing regions. Chickpea wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris) causes significant annual losses. Integrated disease management of Fusarium wilt i...

Clostridioides difficile, a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, is the leading cause of hospital-acquired antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. The severity of C. difficile infection (CDI) varies, ranging from mild diarrhea to life-threatening con...

Anthracnose caused by various species of Colletotrichum is one of the most prevalent diseases in alfalfa worldwide that not only reduces forage yields but also severely compromises forage quality. A comprehensive survey was conducted in 2020 in the m...

Florida ranks among the most important citrus growing regions in the USA. The present study investigates the occurrence, diversity, and pathogenicity of fungal species associated with symptomatic sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cv. Valencia plants and...

Ciborinia camelliae Kohn is the causal agent of camellia flower blight. The fungus infects only the flowers of camellias. C. camelliae isolates obtained from symptomatic samples, collected in 13 different localities worldwide, were characterized by M...

In viticulture, pathogens like the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew, can cause severe yield loss and require extensive application of plant protection chemicals. Breeders are generating pathogen-resistant varieties explo...

Mating-types allow single-celled eukaryotic organisms to distinguish self from non-self in preparation for sexual reproduction. The components of mating-type loci provide initial self/non-self-recognition through pheromone and receptor interactions t...

The adaptive immune response provides the vertebrate immune system with the ability to recognize and remember specific pathogens to generate immunity, and mount stronger attacks each time the pathogen is encountered. T cell receptors are the antigen...

Despite being considered a normal flora, Providencia alcalifaciens can cause diarrhea. In a previous study, strain 2939/90, obtained from a diarrheal patient, caused invasion and actin condensation in mammalian cells, and diarrhea in a rabbit model....

Tomato is one of the major vegetable crops consumed worldwide. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and fungal Oidium sp. are devastating pathogens causing yellow leaf curl disease and powdery mildew. Such viral and fungal pathogens reduce tomato cr...

Coffee is a significant traded commodity for developing countries. Among the various diseases affecting coffee, anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. has re-emerged as a major constraint on global coffee production. To better understand the Colle...

Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a cell wall–deficient bacterial pathogen associated with several sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including nongonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. In the context of increasing...

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases affecting rice production worldwide, resulting in significant yield losses and threatening global food security. The severity of rice blast, particu...

Climate warming puts new selective pressures on natural populations, but there are few quantitative measurements of selection in natural populations over protracted time periods. Observations made at the beginning and end ofa 47-year cumulative incre...

Combined preimplantation genetic testing of aneuploidy (PGT-A) and monogenic disease (PGT-M) can be achieved through PCR-based whole genome amplification (WGA) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, pathogenic variant detection is usually ach...

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic modules that are widely distributed in the genomes of bacteria and archaea and have been proposed to fulfill numerous functions. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of a type II TA...

Populations of vector-borne pathogens are shaped by the distribution and movement of vector and reservoir hosts. To study what impact host and vector association have on tick-borne pathogens, we investigated the population structure of Borrelia lusit...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpesviral pathogen that results in life-long infection. HCMV maintains a latent or quiescent infection in hematopoietic cells, which is broadly defined by transcriptional silencing and the absence of de...

Melanin pigment helps protect our body from broad wavelength solar radiation and skin cancer. Among other pigmentation disorders in humans, albinism is reported to manifest in both syndromic and nonsyndromic forms as well as with varying inheritance...

Different Pestalotiopsis-like species have been reported in strawberry worldwide, as agents of leaf spot, root rot, and crown rot. The identification of Pestalotiopsis-like fungi is based on both molecular and morphological analyses to discriminate b...

Downy mildew, caused by the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most serious grapevine diseases. The development of new varieties, showing partial resistance to downy mildew, through traditional breeding provides a sustainable and...

Durable resistance is a key objective in genetic improvement for disease resistance in grapevines, which must survive for years in the field in the presence of adaptable pathogen populations. In this study, the adaptation of 72 Northern Italian isola...

Infection of mammalian cells by Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) was shown to be facilitated by its phage elements. In a search for additional phage remnants that play a role in Lm’s lifecycle, we identified a conserved locus containing two XRE regulators...

Global barley production is threatened by plant pathogens, especially the rusts. In this study we used a targeted genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) assisted GWAS approach to identify rust resistance alleles in a collection of 287 genetically distinct dive...

Pinus massoniana Lamb. is an important, common afforestation and timber tree species in China. Species of Pestalotiopsis are well-known pathogens of needle blight. In this study, the five representative strains were isolated from needle blight from n...

The ability of Leptospirae to persist in environments and animal hosts but to cause clinically highly variable disease in humans has made leptospirosis the most common zoonotic disease. Considering the paucity of data on variation in complete genomes...

Prostrate hairs are one of the anatomic barriers for grapevine resistance to pests and diseases, as well as in environmental adaptability, making them valuable for breeding programs. This study investigates the genetic determinants underlying prostra...

Candida auris has recently emerged as a multidrug-resistant yeast implicated in various healthcare-associated invasive infections and hospital outbreaks. In the current study, we report the first five intensive care unit (ICU) cases affected by C. au...

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is an important human pathogen causing severe diseases, such as hemorrhagic colitis and lethal hemolytic uremic syndrome. The signal-sensing capability of EHEC O157:H7 at specific host colonization si...

Hearing loss is a genetically heterogeneous sensory defect, and the frequent causes are biallelic pathogenic variants in the GJB2 gene. However, patients carrying only one heterozygous pathogenic (monoallelic) GJB2 variant represent a long-lasting di...