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111 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,626 Views
12 Pages

8 June 2023

This study aimed to investigate the potential use of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus quadricauda for the bioremediation of olive mill wastewater (OMW), which is a major environmental issue and a waste product of olive oil product...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,074 Views
16 Pages

Novel Submerged Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor for Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewaters

  • Maria C. Fraga,
  • Rosa M. Huertas,
  • João G. Crespo and
  • Vanessa J. Pereira

13 September 2019

A new hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor that can easily be scaled-up was designed, assembled and used to test photocatalytic membranes developed using the sol–gel technique. Extremely high removals of total suspended solids, chemical oxyge...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
10,363 Views
12 Pages

Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater with Constructed Wetlands

  • Iosif E. Kapellakis,
  • Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis,
  • Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis and
  • Andreas N. Angelakis

12 March 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the application of constructed wetlands as a mean to manage olive mill wastewater (OMW). Two free water surface (FWS) constructed wetlands, one without (CW1) and one with effluent recirculation (CW2), we...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
4,697 Views
16 Pages

Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater through Integrated Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes

  • Aldo Bottino,
  • Gustavo Capannelli,
  • Antonio Comite,
  • Camilla Costa,
  • Raffaella Firpo,
  • Anna Jezowska and
  • Marcello Pagliero

11 November 2020

The disposal of wastewater resulting from olive oil production (olive mill wastewater, OMW) is a major issue for olive oil producers. This wastewater is among the most polluting due to the very high concentration of organic substances and the presenc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,055 Views
20 Pages

Modeling and Optimization of a Green Process for Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment

  • Fatma Fakhfakh,
  • Sahar Raissi,
  • Karim Kriaa,
  • Chemseddine Maatki,
  • Lioua Kolsi and
  • Bilel Hadrich

18 January 2024

The olive mill wastewater (OMW) treatment process is modeled and optimized through new design of experiments (DOE). The first step of the process is coagulation–flocculation using three coagulants (modeled with the mixture design) followed by p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,155 Views
17 Pages

4 March 2022

Wastewater from the olive oil industry is an environmental problem which is growing in the Mediterranean region. Presence of phenolic compounds and high organic matter load are characteristics of this effluent that make it difficult to treat. In this...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,572 Views
12 Pages

Effects of High Voltage Electrical Discharge Plasma on Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment

  • Mia Ivanov,
  • Tomislava Vukušić Pavičić,
  • Klara Kraljić,
  • Dijana Grgas,
  • Tibela Landeka Dragičević and
  • Zoran Herceg

2 February 2021

High voltage electrical discharge plasma technology (HVED) is considered as a promising technology for wastewater remediation due to its fast removal rate and environmental compatibility. Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) treatment presents crucial enviro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
5,053 Views
19 Pages

27 October 2021

Wastewaters from the olive oil industry are a regional environmental problem. Their phenolic content provides inherent toxicity, which reduces the treatment potential of conventional biological systems. In this study, Sulfate Radical based Advanced O...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,524 Views
13 Pages

27 April 2021

Heterogeneous catalysts can be an efficient and economical option for olive mill wastewater (OMW) treatment by an advanced oxidation process if they could be reused. In this work, OMW was treated using a heterogeneous photo-Fenton reaction (artificia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,026 Views
14 Pages

Control of Listeria monocytogenes on Frankfurters by Surface Treatment with Olive Mill Wastewater Polyphenolic Extract

  • Rossana Roila,
  • Andrea Valiani,
  • Maurizio Servili,
  • David Ranucci,
  • Roberta Galarini,
  • Roberta Ortenzi,
  • Sara Primavilla and
  • Raffaella Branciari

24 February 2025

Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a frequent post-process contaminant in meat products. This study aimed to investigate the antilisterial effectiveness of post-process antimicrobial treatments employing olive mill wastewater polyphenolic extract (PE) in...

  • Review
  • Open Access
146 Citations
11,180 Views
22 Pages

5 June 2020

Cultivation of olive trees and olive oil production have been considered as a legacy for the Mediterranean region. This custom represents a very important benefit for many nations in terms of wealth and health. However, huge amounts of by-products an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
4,541 Views
26 Pages

A series of biochars and activated carbons (ACs) was prepared combining carbonization and physical or chemical activation of cheap and abundant residues of the olive oil industry. These materials were used as Fe-support to develop low-cost catalysts...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
60 Citations
9,246 Views
44 Pages

Sustainable vs. Conventional Approach for Olive Oil Wastewater Management: A Review of the State of the Art

  • Zakaria Al-Qodah,
  • Habis Al-Zoubi,
  • Banan Hudaib,
  • Waid Omar,
  • Maede Soleimani,
  • Saeid Abu-Romman and
  • Zacharias Frontistis

25 May 2022

The main goal of this review is to collect and analyze the recently published research concerning the conventional and sustainable treatment processes for olive mill wastewater (OMW). In the conventional treatment processes, it is noticed that the ma...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,774 Views
14 Pages

Evaluation of Biobed Bio-Mixture from Olive Oil Mill Wastewater Treatment as a Soil Organic Amendment in a Circular Economy Context

  • Vasiliki Kinigopoulou,
  • Evangelos Hatzigiannakis,
  • Athanasios Guitonas,
  • Efstathios K. Oikonomou,
  • Stefanos Stefanou and
  • Dionisios Gasparatos

21 July 2022

This study, based on circular economy principles and sustainable development practices, aims to present the results of soil samples analysis after their mixture with a biobed bio-mixture of straw, soil and compost, used for two consecutive years as o...

  • Review
  • Open Access
48 Citations
5,105 Views
17 Pages

Detoxification of Olive Mill Wastewaters by Fenton’s Process

  • Eva Domingues,
  • João Gomes,
  • Margarida J. Quina,
  • Rosa M. Quinta-Ferreira and
  • Rui C. Martins

17 December 2018

Olive mill wastewaters (OMW) constitute an environmental problem affecting mainly Mediterranean Sea area countries where the olive mill industry is a very important economic sector. The strong impact and management issues of these effluents are mainl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,612 Views
23 Pages

A Comprehensive Ecotoxicological Evaluation of a Treated Olive Mill Wastewater and Obtained Sludge

  • José N. Pinto,
  • Andreia Pereira,
  • Ana Rita R. Silva,
  • Diogo N. Cardoso,
  • Amid Mostafaie,
  • Fábio Campos,
  • Iryna Rehan,
  • Olga Moreira,
  • Ivã Guidini Lopes and
  • Susana Loureiro
  • + 7 authors

30 July 2025

Olive mill wastewaters (OMWWs) are an environmental problem in the Mediterranean region, and it is crucial to explore strategies for their treatment and repurposing. The chemical precipitation technique (CPT) has been presented as a cost-effective wa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,719 Views
20 Pages

Effective Detoxification of Olive Mill Wastewater Using Multi-Step Surfactant-Based Treatment: Assessment of Environmental and Health Impact

  • Yazan Akkam,
  • Mohammad Zaitoun,
  • Islam Aljarrah,
  • Aiman Jaradat,
  • Ali Hmedat,
  • Hassan Alhmoud,
  • Taha Rababah,
  • Ali Almajwal and
  • Numan Al-Rayyan

10 September 2024

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) poses a significant environmental challenge and health concern in olive-producing countries, including Jordan. Surfactant micelles are frequently employed as solubilizing agents to enhance the water solubility of chemical...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,173 Views
20 Pages

Valorization of Cherry By-Products as Coagulant/Flocculants Combined with Bentonite Clay for Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment

  • Ana R. Teixeira,
  • Sílvia Afonso,
  • Nuno Jorge,
  • Ivo V. Oliveira,
  • Berta Gonçalves,
  • José A. Peres and
  • Marco S. Lucas

26 May 2024

In this study, two by-products resulting from the processing of cherry (stems and pits) were used as natural coagulants to promote the valorization of these wastes and treat olive mill wastewater (OMW). The efficacy of the plant-based coagulants (PBC...

  • Article
  • Open Access
841 Views
29 Pages

Lime and Nano-Limestone Composite-Based Pretreatment and Adsorption Strategies for Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment: Toward Efficient and Sustainable Solutions

  • Abeer Al Bawab,
  • Razan Afaneh,
  • Muna A. Abu-Dalo,
  • Fadwa Odeh,
  • Mustafa Al Kuisi and
  • Nathir A. F. Al-Rawashdeh

9 November 2025

The treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW) remains a major environmental challenge due to its high organic load and phenolic content. This study investigates a combined approach using lime pretreatment and limestone (LS)-based adsorption for cost-e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,363 Views
15 Pages

Up-Cycling of Olea europaea L. Ancient Cultivars Side Products: Study of a Combined Cosmetic–Food Supplement Treatment Based on Leaves and Olive Mill Wastewater Extracts

  • Raissa Buzzi,
  • Irene Gugel,
  • Stefania Costa,
  • Sonia Molesini,
  • Silvia Boreale,
  • Erika Baldini,
  • Nicola Marchetti,
  • Silvia Vertuani,
  • Patrizia Pinelli and
  • Stefano Manfredini
  • + 2 authors

5 July 2023

In recent years, a reversal of the global economic framework has been taking place: from the linear model, there has been a gradual transition to a circular model where by-products from the agri-food industry are taken and transformed into value prod...

  • Article
  • Open Access
276 Views
36 Pages

13 January 2026

This research employed “Response Surface Methodology (RSM)” to assess the effectiveness of electrocoagulation (EC) in treating olive mill wastewater (OMW) before applying adsorption with olive stone biochar (OS) as a sustainable adsorbent...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,260 Views
18 Pages

Fungal Strain as Biological Tool to Remove Genotoxicity Effect of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater

  • Aziz Boutafda,
  • Mohamed Hafidi,
  • Yedir Ouhdouch,
  • Eric Pinelli,
  • Martin Jemo and
  • Loubna El Fels

12 April 2023

This study aims to select fungi isolates to reduce olive mill wastewater (OMWW) chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenolic compounds (PC), as well as their genotoxicity effect. Treatment with mold, isolated by an innovative technique using phenolic co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
8,555 Views
13 Pages

10 December 2020

User-friendly and energy-efficient methods able to work in noncontinuous mode for in situ purification of olive mill wastewater (OMW) are necessary. Herein we determined the potential of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes entrapped in a microporou...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
8,324 Views
15 Pages

Land Application-Based Olive Mill Wastewater Μanagement

  • Iosif Kapellakis,
  • Vasileios A. Tzanakakis and
  • Andreas N. Angelakis

22 January 2015

Land application of olive mill wastewater (OMW) is considered a promising low-cost practice for olive-oil producing countries. The objectives of this work were to investigate: (i) OMW treatment potential of a land treatment system (LTS), planted with...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,913 Views
16 Pages

Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) Treatment Using Photocatalyst Media

  • Abeer Al Bawab,
  • Muna Abu-Dalo,
  • Aya Khalaf and
  • Duaa Abu-Dalo

15 May 2022

A new nanophotocatalysts series of M2Zr2O7 (M = Mn, Cu, and Fe) and doped Fe2Zr2O7 systems were prepared via sol-gel using the pechini method, characterized, and tested in photocatalytic degradation of olive mill wastewater (OMW). The photocatalytic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,278 Views
32 Pages

11 August 2025

This study evaluates the structural properties and adsorption capacities of four bio-based adsorbents, sawdust (SD), straw (ST), chicken feathers (CFs), and shrimp shells (SSs), for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from olive mill wastewater (OMW...

  • Article
  • Open Access
68 Citations
7,975 Views
16 Pages

Treatment of Two-Phase Olive Mill Wastewater and Recovery of Phenolic Compounds Using Membrane Technology

  • Varvara Sygouni,
  • Alexis G. Pantziaros,
  • Iakovos C. Iakovides,
  • Evangelia Sfetsa,
  • Polychronia I. Bogdou,
  • Emilia A. Christoforou and
  • Christakis A. Paraskeva

5 February 2019

The semi-solid wastes (pomace or alperujo) produced in the two-phase olive oil extraction process contains extremely high organic load and phenolic substances. Efficient treatment of such kinds of wastes using membrane filtration, should be sought to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,656 Views
37 Pages

3 June 2025

This study investigates the effectiveness of electrocoagulation (EC) with locally sourced iron electrodes for treating olive mill wastewater (OMW) prior to adsorption with olive stone (OS). Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), 60 experiments wer...

  • Article
  • Open Access
40 Citations
5,097 Views
13 Pages

25 September 2020

Olive oil mills represent an important sector in the Mediterranean Sea Basin but also an environmental hazard due to untreated wastewater. Recovery of nutrients from olive oil mill wastewater (OMWW) as protein-rich microbial biomass can produce novel...

  • Review
  • Open Access
26 Citations
3,383 Views
31 Pages

4 August 2023

Agro-industrial activities generate large volumes of wastewater. When this wastewater is discharged to the environment without proper treatment, it represents a serious problem. Bioenergy production can be conducted using wastewater, but the presence...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,251 Views
16 Pages

Combined Continuous Resin Adsorption and Anaerobic Digestion of Olive Mill Wastewater for Polyphenol and Energy Recovery

  • Chaimaa Hakim,
  • Mounsef Neffa,
  • Abdessadek Essadek,
  • Audrey Battimelli,
  • Renaud Escudie,
  • Diana García-Bernet,
  • Jérôme Harmand and
  • Hélène Carrère

20 June 2025

Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) has high energetic potential due to its organic load, but its complex composition and toxicity limit efficient energy recovery. This study proposes an innovative integrated process combining continuous resin adsorption wi...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
191 Citations
29,855 Views
9 Pages

Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Past, Present, and Future

  • Andreas N. Angelakis and
  • Shane A. Snyder

9 September 2015

This paper provides an overview of the Special Issue on Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Past, Present, and Future. The papers selected for publication include advanced wastewater treatment and monitoring technologies, such as membrane bioreactors, el...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,416 Views
6 Pages

Evaluation of the Potential of Microalgae as Bioremediation Agents for Olive Mill Wastewater

  • Leonilde Marchão,
  • Olga Teixeira,
  • José A. Peres,
  • Pedro B. Tavares and
  • Marco S. Lucas

16 November 2023

The potential for bioremediation of olive mill wastewaters with different origins—olive washing (OWW) and olive oil extraction (OMW)—among four species of microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris, Auxenochlorella protothecoides, Scenedesmus obliquu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,658 Views
14 Pages

Anaerobic Digestion of Olive Mill Wastewater in the Presence of Biochar

  • Luca Micoli,
  • Giuseppe Di Rauso Simeone,
  • Maria Turco,
  • Giuseppe Toscano and
  • Maria A. Rao

5 April 2023

Biological treatments focused on stabilizing and detoxifying olive mill wastewater facilitate agronomic reuse for irrigation and fertilization. Anaerobic digestion is particularly attractive in view of energy recovery, but is severely hampered by the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
49 Citations
7,236 Views
12 Pages

19 December 2020

Wastewater treatment is a topic of primary interest with regard to the environment. Diclofenac is a common analgesic drug often detected in wastewater and surface water. In this paper, three commonly available agrifood waste types (artichoke agrowast...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
220 Citations
21,280 Views
29 Pages

25 January 2019

Agro-industrial wastewaters are characterized by the presence of multiple organic and inorganic contaminants of environmental concern. The high pollutant load, the large volumes produced, and the seasonal variability makes the treatment of these wast...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,469 Views
13 Pages

Techno-Economic Assessment of Anaerobic Digestion for Olive Oil Industry Effluents in Greece

  • Georgios Manthos,
  • Dimitris Zagklis,
  • Constantina Zafiri and
  • Michael Kornaros

25 February 2024

Olive mill wastes are some of the most important waste streams in Mediterranean countries, such as Greece, and their uncontrolled disposal without treatment imposes serious environmental impacts. In the last few decades, the European Union has define...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,127 Views
15 Pages

Dietary Supplementation with Olive Mill Wastewater in Dairy Sheep: Evaluation of Cheese Characteristics and Presence of Bioactive Molecules

  • Raffaella Branciari,
  • Roberta Galarini,
  • Dino Miraglia,
  • David Ranucci,
  • Andrea Valiani,
  • Danilo Giusepponi,
  • Maurizio Servili,
  • Gabriele Acuti,
  • Mariano Pauselli and
  • Massimo Trabalza-Marinucci

22 October 2020

The aim of the study was to define the chemical characteristics, antioxidant capacity, oxidative status, sensory properties, and the presence of polyphenols in ovine cheese obtained after dietary administration of spray-dried olive mill wastewater (S...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
5,344 Views
15 Pages

Valorization and Potential Antimicrobial Use of Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) from Italian Olive Oil Production

  • Eleonora Russo,
  • Andrea Spallarossa,
  • Antonio Comite,
  • Marcello Pagliero,
  • Patrizia Guida,
  • Vittorio Belotti,
  • Debora Caviglia and
  • Anna Maria Schito

The production of olive oil generates olive mill wastewater (OMW) which essentially derives from the processing, treatment and pressing of olives in mills. Traditional milling processes require a quantity of water varying between 40 and 120 L per qui...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
8,436 Views
13 Pages

Performance Modeling and Cost Analysis of a Pilot-Scale Reverse Osmosis Process for the Final Purification of Olive Mill Wastewater

  • Javier Miguel Ochando-Pulido,
  • Gassan Hodaifa,
  • Maria Dolores Victor-Ortega and
  • Antonio Martinez-Ferez

11 October 2013

A secondary treatment for olive mill wastewater coming from factories working with the two-phase olive oil production process (OMW-2) has been set-up on an industrial scale in an olive oil mill in the premises of Jaén (Spain). The secondary treatment...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,532 Views
22 Pages

Synthesis and Characterization of a Biopolymer Pectin/Ethanolic Extract from Olive Mill Wastewater: In Vitro Safety and Efficacy Tests on Skin Wound Healing

  • Francesca Aiello,
  • Rocco Malivindi,
  • Marisa Francesca Motta,
  • Pasquale Crupi,
  • Rosa Nicoletti,
  • Cinzia Benincasa,
  • Maria Lisa Clodoveo,
  • Vittoria Rago,
  • Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri and
  • Donatella Restuccia

11 October 2023

Wound-healing delay is one of the major problems of type 2 diabetes, representing also a clinical emergency in non-healing chronic wounds. Natural antioxidants show interesting wound-healing properties, including those extracted from waste derived fr...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
93 Citations
11,285 Views
19 Pages

Olive Mill Wastewater as Renewable Raw Materials to Generate High Added-Value Ingredients for Agro-Food Industries

  • Paola Foti,
  • Flora V. Romeo,
  • Nunziatina Russo,
  • Alessandra Pino,
  • Amanda Vaccalluzzo,
  • Cinzia Caggia and
  • Cinzia L. Randazzo

16 August 2021

Olive oil production represents an agro-industrial activity of vital economic importance for many Mediterranean countries. However, it is associated with the generation of a huge amount of by-products, both in solid and liquid forms, mainly constitut...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,367 Views
19 Pages

25 February 2023

This article discusses the challenges of water scarcity and industrial water pollution in developing countries, specifically in Morocco, where the olive oil industry is a significant contributor to organic water pollution. The Moroccan government has...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
3,837 Views
20 Pages

Materials Derived from Olive Pomace as Effective Bioadsorbents for the Process of Removing Total Phenols from Oil Mill Effluents

  • Fatouma Mohamed Abdoul-Latif,
  • Ayoub Ainane,
  • Touria Hachi,
  • Rania Abbi,
  • Meryem Achira,
  • Abdelmjid Abourriche,
  • Mathieu Brulé and
  • Tarik Ainane

This work investigates olive pomace from olive mill factories as an adsorbent for the removal of total phenols from olive mill effluent (OME). This pathway of valorization of olive pomace reduces the environmental impact of OME while providing a sust...

  • Review
  • Open Access
24 Citations
6,202 Views
24 Pages

21 August 2022

Olive oil production in Mediterranean countries represents a crucial market, especially for Spain, Italy, and Greece. However, although this sector plays a significant role in the European economy, it also leads to dramatic environmental consequences...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,042 Views
14 Pages

Adsorbents Produced from Olive Mill Waste and Modified to Perform Phenolic Compound Removal

  • Kleper de Oliveira Rocha,
  • Francisco Brandão,
  • Pawel Mazierski,
  • João Gomes,
  • Rui C. Martins and
  • Eva Domingues

24 August 2024

Olive mill waste (olive pomace, OP, and olive stone, OS) was used in this work to produce adsorbents for the removal of five phenolic acids typically found in olive mill wastewater. OP and OS were subjected to different treatments (combined or not) t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
235 Views
22 Pages

Iron Nanoparticles Derived from Olive Mill Wastewater for Sustainable Soil Remediation

  • Mar Gil-Díaz,
  • Carolina Mancho,
  • Rosa Ana Pérez,
  • Juan Alonso,
  • Sergio Diez-Pascual,
  • Beatriz Albero and
  • M. Carmen Lobo

15 January 2026

There is an urgent need to develop sustainable approaches for the remediation of contaminated soil as well as to promote sustainable practices for waste management. Here, we provide the first evaluation of the performance of two types of iron nanopar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,154 Views
20 Pages

Soil Responses to High Olive Mill Wastewater Spreading

  • Leïla Chaâri,
  • Norah Salem Alsaiari,
  • Abdelfattah Amari,
  • Faouzi Ben Rebah,
  • Monem Kallel and
  • Tahar Mechichi

18 April 2022

Olive manufacturing generates the most polluting wastewater. Olive mill wastewater (OMW) contains a large amount of organic and inorganic fractions. Olive-oil-producing countries have investigated several treatments and valorization processes for bet...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,820 Views
19 Pages

4 November 2021

Olive oil production generates solid and liquid wastes that cause various environmental problems due to their high phenols and polyphenols load. Although many treatment methods were investigated to manage these wastes, more research is still needed t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
2,810 Views
15 Pages

Impact of Wastewater Spreading on Properties of Tunisian Soil under Arid Climate

  • Boutheina Gargouri,
  • Samia Ben Brahim,
  • Fatma Marrakchi,
  • Bechir Ben Rouina,
  • Wojciech Kujawski and
  • Mohamed Bouaziz

8 March 2022

The environmental impacts of irrigating an olive field with olive mill wastewater (OMW) and treated wastewater (TWW) on soil properties were investigated. The effect of different irrigation treatments of OMW (50 m3 ha−1, 100 m3 ha−1, and...

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