171 Results Found

The present study evaluates the antimicrobial potential of non-equilibrium plasma against microorganisms isolated from diatomaceous earth, which is a waste product from the beer filtration process. For evaluation, waste diatomaceous earth from an ind...

In non-equilibrium plasmas, the temperature cannot be uniquely determined unless the energy-distribution function is approximated as a Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. To overcome this problem, we applied Tsallis statistics to determine the temp...

Technologies based on non-equilibrium, low-temperature plasmas are ubiquitous in today’s society. Plasma modeling plays an essential role in their understanding, development and optimization. An accurate description of electron and ion collisions wit...

Plasma methods are often employed for the desired wettability and soaking properties of polymeric textiles, but the exact mechanisms involved in plasma–textile interactions are yet to be discovered. This review presents the fundamentals of plas...

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is the material of choice in several applications ranging from the automotive industry to medicine, but the surface properties are usually not adequate. A standard method for tailoring surface properties is the application...

Non-equilibrium plasmas offer several strategies for developing antibacterial surfaces that are able to repel and/or to kill bacteria. Due to the variety of devices, implants, and materials in general, as well as of bacteria and applications, plasma...

A gliding arc plasma source designed for high efficient ignition has been studied with the help of numerical simulation and experiments. A coupled 3D–0D approach has been proposed to model the gliding arc from ignition (the equilibrium stage) t...

The effect of a self-pulsing non-equilibrium plasma discharge on piezoelectric PVDF nanofiber membrane was investigated. The plasma discharge was generated in air with a DC power source, with a discharge current of 0.012 mA, a nominal interelectrode...

Modification and functionalization of polymer surface properties is desired in numerous applications, and a standard technique is a treatment with non-equilibrium gaseous plasma. Fluorinated polymers exhibit specific properties and are regarded as di...

In this paper the theoretical model to consider the influence of kinetic properties of nonequilibrium two-color plasma during the THz pulses generation in the presence of static magnetic field is developed. It is shown that applying a static magnetic...

Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) is a wide and direct band gap semiconductor used for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. ZrO2 based optoelectronic devices span a wide optical range depending on the band gap of ZrO2 material. The band gap of ZrO2 can be...

Water purification by non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma has attracted much attention and is expected to be a next-generation method. However, general approaches to improve the energy efficiency of the water purification have not been reveal...

The Boltzmann–Gibbs (BG) entropy has been used in a wide variety of problems for more than a century. It is well known that BG entropy is additive and extensive, but for certain systems such as those dictated by long-range interactions, it is s...

Electron temperature is reconsidered for weakly-ionized oxygen and nitrogen plasmas with its discharge pressure of a few hundred Pa, with its electron density of the order of 1017m−3 and in a state of non-equilibrium, based on thermodynamics an...

Recent developments in the world of hypersonic flight have brought increased attention to the thermal response of materials exposed to high-enthalpy gases. One promising concept is electron transpiration cooling (ETC) that provides the prospect of a...

We developed a 3D, fully self-consistent model for analysis of the ultrashort THz unipolar pulse formation accompanied by its amplification in a nonequilibrium plasma channel induced in nitrogen by a femtosecond UV laser pulse. The model is based on...

The wettability of polymers is usually inadequate to ensure the appropriate spreading of polar liquids and thus enable the required adhesion of coatings. A standard ecologically benign method for increasing the polymer wettability is a brief treatmen...

A three-dimensional (3-D) Multi-Layers Method (MLM) of an extension of the axisymmetric version has been developed to compute non-axisymmetric tokamak plasma equilibria with a separatrix. Conventional axisymmetric tokamak control codes cannot simulat...

Multipulse laser–matter interactions initiate nonlinear and nonequilibrium plasma fluid flow dynamics and their instability creating microscale vortex filaments, loop-soliton chains, and helically paired structures, similar to those at the astr...

The fruitfulness of the method of a non-equilibrium statistical operator (NSO) and generalized linear response theory is demonstrated calculating the permittivity, dynamical conductivity, absorption coefficient, and dynamical collision frequency of p...

The direct interaction of atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasmas with tyrosinase (Tyr) was investigated under typical conditions used in surface processing. Specifically, Tyr dry deposits were exposed to dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) fed...

The possibility to control both spectral and polarization properties of seed THz pulses in strongly nonequilibrium elongated magnetized plasma channels formed via intense UV femtosecond laser pulses in nitrogen (air) is analyzed. The physical mechani...

The evolution in the post-shock nonequilibrium relaxation in a hypersonic plasma flow was investigated during a shock’s reflection off a thermal discontinuity. It was found that within a transitional period, the relaxation zone parameters past...

We provide a discussion of the bulk viscosity of two-flavor quark plasma, described by the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model, within the framework of Kubo-Zubarev formalism. This discussion, which is complementary to our earlier study, contains a new, d...

Seeds of wheat cultivar Bologna were treated with a low-pressure, inductively coupled, radio frequency oxygen plasma. E-mode and H-mode plasma at the real powers of 25 and 275 W, respectively, was used at treatment times of 0.1–300 s. Plasma af...

Plasma treatment of polyethylene powder was carried out in low-pressure gaseous plasma sustained in a semi-industrial reactor powered with a microwave source, in which it was specifically worked with the residual atmosphere. Timed applications of pla...

The non-thermal plasma pyrolysis of fuel oil, under the action of low-voltage electric discharges in the liquid phase, has made it possible to develop a new process to obtain valuable petrochemical products. In this study, the main parameters, includ...

Urgent need for innovative and effective antibacterial coatings in different fields seems to have triggered the development of numerous strategies for the production of such materials. As shown in this short overview, plasma based techniques arouse c...

Many scientific teams are currently studying the effects of plasma generated by nanosecond diffuse discharges on the surfaces of various materials in order to modify their properties. To achieve this, uniform plasma is required to act on the target b...

We investigate the stochastic dynamics of the prey–predator model of the Low-to-High confinement mode (L-H) transition in magnetically confined fusion plasmas. By considering stochastic noise in the turbulence and zonal flows as well as constan...

Semiconductor device fabrication is conducted through highly precise manufacturing processes. An essential component of the semiconductor package is the lead frame on which the silicon dies are assembled. Impurities such as oxides or organic matter o...

In this article, we address the reliance on probability density functions to obtain macroscopic properties in systems with multiple degrees of freedom as plasmas, and the limitations of expensive techniques for solving Equations such as Vlasov’...

Plasma-driven advanced oxidation represents a potential technology to safely re-use waters polluted with recalcitrant contaminants by mineralizing organics via reactions with hydroxyl radicals, thus relieving freshwater stress. The process results in...

Ammonia serves as a critical medium for hydrogen storage and energy transportation, making the development of efficient ammonia cracking technologies essential for advancing hydrogen energy applications. Plasma-assisted ammonia cracking has emerged a...

The goal of this study is to develop a method to distinguish between plasma chemistry and thermal effects in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge nonequilibrium plasma containing a packed bed of porous particles. Decomposition of CaCO3 in Ar plasma is used...

In this paper, we analyze the departure from equilibrium in two specific types of thermal plasmas. The first type deals with the plasma produced during the atmospheric entry of a spatial vehicle in the upper layers of an atmosphere, specifically the...

Our paper considers the possibility of the emergence and control of non-equilibrium states of a quasi-homogenous condensed medium with energy and particle flows in the phase space, which, first of all, manifest themselves in the explosive development...

In studying the hot plasma behavior in tokamak devices, the classical approach for collisional processes is traditionally used. This approach leaves unexplained a number of phenomena observed in experiments related to plasma energy confinement. Furth...

This proceedings reviews recent progress in the study of far-from-equilibrium hydrodynamization process of strongly interacting matter in the vicinity of a critical point. From a full non-linear evolution of a gravitational theory dual to a conformal...

Cold (non-equilibrium) plasma techniques have long been used as plasma deposition methods to create new materials, often with unique properties, which cannot be produced any other way, as well as plasma treatment methods for the sophisticated modific...

Information theory provides an interdisciplinary method to understand important phenomena in many research fields ranging from astrophysical and laboratory fluids/plasmas to biological systems. In particular, information geometric theory enables us t...

Heat transport is studied in strongly heated fusion plasmas, far from thermodynamic equilibrium. The radial propagation of perturbations is studied using a technique based on the transfer entropy. Three different magnetic confinement devices are stud...

For many decades non-equilibrium plasmas (NEPs) that can be generated at atmospheric pressure have played important roles in various material and surface processing applications [...]

Optical emission spectroscopy has been widely used in low-temperature argon plasma diagnostics. A coronal model is usually used to analyze the measured line ratios for diagnostics with a single temperature and density. However, many plasma processing...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic organofluorine surfactants that are resistant to typical methods of degradation. Thermal techniques along with other novel, less energy-intensive techniques are currently being inves...

The idea of Chandrasekhar’s conditions for the equilibrium and stability of stars is revisited with a new universal three-parameter non-Maxwell distribution. We derive the maximum radiation pressures in the non-Maxwell distribution for a gas st...

In this paper, the problem of optimizing the design of an inductive Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic (MHD) electric generator is formalized as a multi-objective optimization problem where the conflicting objectives consist of maximizing the output power while m...

In plasmas, Debye screening structures the possible correlations between particles. We identify a phase space minimum h* in non-equilibrium space plasmas that connects the energy of particles in a Debye sphere to an equivalent wave frequency. In par...

In this study, the Boltzmann equation with electric acceleration term is discretized and solved by the unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS). The charged particle transport driven by electric field is included in the electric acceleration term. To captur...

A plasma sheath will be developed surrounding a hypersonic vehicle in flight, which can reflect, absorb, and scatter electromagnetic (EM) waves of lower frequencies than its own, resulting in a communication blackout. This paper focuses on knowing ho...