A stand-alone multi-microgrid (MMG) system can be formed by connecting multiple stand-alone microgrids (MGs). In the stand-alone MMG system where the frequencies of each MG system are different, a back-to-back (BTB) converter can be used for intercon...
The multi-frequency Passivity-Based Control (PBC) has been successfully applied in L-filtered power converters. For an LC-filtered stand-alone voltage source inverter (VSI), the mathematical model is second-order, where two state variables are used i...
To improve the energy efficiency and quality of the welding seam during the double-wire metal inert-gas (MIG) arc welding production, a new multi-frequency waveform control method was proposed in this paper. In this method, a multi-frequency modulati...
In dynamic, high-interference industrial and logistics environments, multi-AGV cooperative tasks are often affected by communication delays and data loss, leading to information staleness and reduced control accuracy. Traditional handshake frequency...
The diverse array of sensors deployed on meteorological observation towers, tasked with the observation of meteorological gradients, requires distinct power supplies and effective power regulation. In this article, a multi-frequency, multi-receiver (...
The research demonstrates, through simulation and laboratory validation, the development of a low-voltage DC-link (LVDC) back-to-back converter system that enables multi-frequency power transfer. The system operates in two distinct modes, which inclu...
With the development of micro gas turbines (MT) and power-to-gas (P2G) technology, the electric–gas system plays an important role in maintaining the stable, economical, and flexible operation of the microgrid. When subjected to power load dist...
A hybrid power system uses many wind turbine generators (WTG) and solar photovoltaics (PV) in isolated small areas. However, the output power of these renewable sources is not constant and can diverge quickly, which has a serious effect on system fre...
Frequency, voltage, and power flow between different control zones in an interconnected power system are used to determine the standard quality of power. Therefore, the voltage and frequency control in an IPS is of vital importance to maintaining rea...
Resonant controllers are widely used in power electronics to track sinusoidal references. According to the internal model principle (IMP), these controllers should embed the poles of the Laplace or Z transform of the reference for the closed-loop sys...
As the penetration level of renewable distributed generations such as wind turbine generator and photovoltaic stations increases, the load frequency control issue of a multi-area interconnected power system becomes more challenging. This paper presen...
To enhance the quality of output power from regional interconnected power grid and strengthen the stability of overall system, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is applied to traditional multi-area interconnected power system to improve the perfo...
The intermittent power generation of renewable energy sources (RESs) interrupts the balance between power generation and demand load due to the increased frequency fluctuation, which challenges the frequency stability analysis and control synthesis o...
The stability control of nominal frequency and terminal voltage in an interconnected power system (IPS) is always a challenging task for researchers. The load variation or any disturbance affects the active and reactive power demands, which badly inf...
To ensure the safe operation of an interconnected power system, it is necessary to maintain the stability of the frequency and the tie-line exchanged power. This is one of the hottest issues in the power system field and is usually called load freque...
With the rapid increase of photovoltaic (PV) penetration and distributed grid access, photovoltaic generation (PVG)-integrated multi-area power systems may be disturbed by more uncertain factors, such as PVG, grid-tie inverter parameters, and resonan...
With the development and application of large-scale renewable energy sources, the electric power grid is becoming huge and complicated; one of the most concerning problems is how to ensure coordination between a large number of varied controllers. Di...
In recent years, wind power systems have been used extensively, which not only improve the efficiency of current conventional power generation systems, but also can save traditional fossil fuel resources. However, considering the instability of wind...
A scheme of load frequency control (LFC) is proposed based on the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for multi-region interconnected power systems considering the renewable energy sources (RESs)...
The frequency stability of modern power systems is challenged due to widespread application of large-scale renewable energy systems, of which the offshore wind farm (OWF) is one of the dominant resources. The OWFs are usually integrated into the grid...
The increasing integration of renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic (PV) systems, into power grids presents challenges in maintaining frequency stability due to the absence of traditional mechanical inertia. This paper proposes a hybrid...
In the integrated hydro–wind–solar–storage system, the strong output fluctuations of wind and solar power, along with prominent system nonlinearity and time-varying characteristics, make it difficult for traditional PID controllers...
For the same frequency, a vibrating screen usually can only achieve a circular or linear motion trajectory, which will lead to the phenomenon of screen clogging. The compound frequency vibrating screen can achieve various motion trajectories accordin...
This paper proposes a new combined controller, the proportional integral derivative-second derivative with a proportional derivative (PIDD2-PD), to improve the frequency response of a multi-area interconnected power system with multiple generating un...
In recent years, induction heating (IH) applications aided by electronic power control have gained significance. Particularly, for cooking applications, an appropriate control technique is required to feed power from a single source to multiple loads...
Bioimpedance measurements have become a useful technique in the past several years in biomedical engineering. Especially, multi-channel measurements facilitate new imaging and patient monitoring techniques. While most instrumentation research has foc...
Fractional order proportional-integral-derivative(FOPID) controllers have attracted increasing attentions recently due to their better control performance than the traditional integer-order proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. However,...
The frequency deviation from the nominal working frequency in power systems is a consequence of the imbalance between total electrical loads and the aggregate power supplied by production units. The sensitivity of energy system frequency to both mino...
As an important form of distributed renewable energy utilization and consumption, the multi-parallel inverter microgrid system works in both an isolated and grid-connected operation mode. Secondary-frequency and voltage-regulation control are very im...
With increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control is playing an increasingly vital role in islanded microgrids’ frequency stabilization. However, frequency stability becomes a critical challeng...
The increasing deployment of wind power is reducing inertia in power systems. High-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology can help to improve the stability of AC areas in which a frequency response is required. Moreover, multi-terminal DC (MTDC) ne...
Electrical power networks consist of numerous energy control zones connected by tie-lines, with the addition of nonconventional sources resulting in considerable variations in tie-line power and frequency. Under these circumstances, a load frequency...
To provide a more practical method of controlling the frequency and tie-line power flow of a multi-area interconnected power system (MAIPS), a state observer based on sliding mode control (SOboSMC) acting under a second-order time derivative is propo...
Load frequency control (LFC) is well known for balancing the load demand and frequency for a multi-area power system. Studies have proven that LFC can improve the global performance of multi-area power systems. In recent years, the increasing proport...
The automatic load frequency control for multi-area power systems has been a challenging task for power system engineers. The complexity of this task further increases with the incorporation of multiple sources of power generation. For multi-source p...
The marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) technique is an application of electromagnetic (EM) waves to image the electrical resistivity of the subsurface underneath the seabed. The modeling of marine CSEM is a crucial and time-consuming tas...
The tie-line bias control (TBC) method has been widely used in the load frequency control (LFC) of multi-area interconnected systems. However, it should be questioned whether the conventional TBC can still apply to LFC when considering the complicati...
Microgrid (MG) is a novel concept for a future distribution power system that enables renewable energy sources (RES). The intermittent RES, such as wind turbines and photovoltaic generators, can be connected to the MG via a power electronics inverter...
This work focuses on the study of land subsidence processes by means of multi-temporal and multi-frequency InSAR techniques. Specifically, we retrieve the long-term evolution (2003–2018) of the creeping phenomenon producing ground fissuring in...
With the large-scale integration of wind power, photovoltaic, and other renewable energy sources into the power grid, their inherent randomness and variability present significant challenges to the frequency stability of power systems. Conventional t...
The voltage source converter-based multi-terminal DC transmission (VSC-MTDC) system can use additional frequency control to respond to the frequency change of faulty AC system. However, the control coefficient of traditional additional frequency cont...
An alternative approach for combined frequency control in multi-area power systems with significant wind power plant integration is described and discussed in detail. Demand response is considered as a decentralized and distributed resource by incorp...
The integration of renewables into power systems involves significant targets and new scenarios with an important role for these alternative resources, mainly wind and PV power plants. Among the different objectives, frequency control strategies and...
This paper introduces an innovative method for load frequency control (LFC) in multi-area interconnected power systems vulnerable to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. The system is modeled as a switching system with two subsystems, and an adaptive con...
Induction heating (IH) applications, assisted with converter topology and their control, have become very attractive in recent years. Independent power control for any induction cooking application with simple converter topology, multi-load handling...
Multi-cell converters are widely used in medium-voltage AC drives. This equipment is based on power cells that operate with low-voltage-rating semiconductors and require an input multipulse transformer. This transformer cancels the low-frequency curr...
In the optical telescope, the stable precision of the optical path is affected by the structural vibrations. The image sensor with time delay and the micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer with massive drift limit the disturbance suppre...
With the increasing expansion of power systems, there is a growing trend towards active distribution networks for decentralized power generation and energy management. However, the instability of distributed renewable energy introduces complexity to...
A major problem in power systems is achieving a match between the load demand and generation demand, where security, dependability, and quality are critical factors that need to be provided to power producers. This paper proposes a proportional&ndash...
With the development of power switches and processor performance in recent years, the control frequency of inverters has been significantly improved. However, limited by technology and price, the sensor sampling frequency in large-scale industrial ap...
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