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164 Results Found

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
92 Citations
15,837 Views
44 Pages

Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) Applied to Photocatalytic Organic Transformations

  • Alberto López-Magano,
  • Alicia Jiménez-Almarza,
  • Jose Alemán and
  • Rubén Mas-Ballesté

27 June 2020

Among the different alternatives for catalysis using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) or covalent organic frameworks (COFs), photocatalysis has remarkably evolved during the last decade. Photocatalytic reticular materials allowed recyclability a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,622 Views
21 Pages

23 October 2024

Nanozymes are nanomaterials that exhibit enzyme-like catalytic activity, which have drawn increasing attention on account of their unique superiorities including very high robustness, low cost, and ease of modification. Metal–organic frameworks...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2,478 Views
33 Pages

Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks for CO2 Electrocatalytic Reduction: Research Progress and Challenges

  • Yuyuan Huang,
  • Haiyan Zhu,
  • Yongle Wang,
  • Guohao Yin,
  • Shanlin Chen,
  • Tingting Li,
  • Chou Wu,
  • Shaobo Jia,
  • Jianxiao Shang and
  • Yawei Li
  • + 2 authors

1 October 2025

This paper provides a systematic review of the latest advancements in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction. Both materials exhibit high specific surface areas, tunable po...

  • Review
  • Open Access
96 Citations
13,008 Views
27 Pages

7 November 2018

Materials science has seen a great deal of advancement and development. The discovery of new types of materials sparked the study of their properties followed by applications ranging from separation, catalysis, optoelectronics, sensing, drug delivery...

  • Review
  • Open Access
37 Citations
6,197 Views
26 Pages

Recent Advances in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Heavy Metal Removal Applications

  • Maria-Anna Gatou,
  • Panagiota Bika,
  • Thomas Stergiopoulos,
  • Panagiotis Dallas and
  • Evangelia A. Pavlatou

30 May 2021

Covalent organic frameworks comprise a unique class of functional materials that has recently emerged as a versatile tool for energy-related, photocatalytic, environmental, and electrochromic device applications. A plethora of structures can be desig...

  • Review
  • Open Access
32 Citations
9,203 Views
48 Pages

Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks as (Photo)Active Material in Hybrid Photovoltaic Technologies

  • Onur Yildirim,
  • Matteo Bonomo,
  • Nadia Barbero,
  • Cesare Atzori,
  • Bartolomeo Civalleri,
  • Francesca Bonino,
  • Guido Viscardi and
  • Claudia Barolo

26 October 2020

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are two innovative classes of porous coordination polymers. MOFs are three-dimensional materials made up of secondary building blocks comprised of metal ions/clusters and organic...

  • Review
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,412 Views
25 Pages

Application and Research Progress of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Solid-State Electrolytes in Lithium Metal Batteries

  • Yufeng Qiao,
  • Xiaoyue Zeng,
  • Haihong Wang,
  • Jianlin Long,
  • Yanhong Tian,
  • Jinle Lan,
  • Yunhua Yu and
  • Xiaoping Yang

10 March 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous organic polymers with periodic networks that are constructed from small molecular units via covalent bonds, which have low densities, high porosity, large specific surface area, and...

  • Review
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,482 Views
19 Pages

Recent Progress on Covalent Organic Frameworks Supporting Metal Nanoparticles as Promising Materials for Nitrophenol Reduction

  • Mohammad Dinari,
  • Zaynab Golshadi,
  • Parvin Asadi,
  • Amie E. Norton,
  • Katelyn R. Reid and
  • Benson Karimi

7 September 2024

With the utilization of nitrophenols in manufacturing various materials and the expansion of industry, nitrophenols have emerged as water pollutants that pose significant risks to both humans and the environment. Therefore, it is imperative to conver...

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,794 Views
20 Pages

14 February 2025

Researchers have extensively investigated photosensitizer (PS) derivatives for various applications due to their superior photophysical and electrochemical properties. However, inherent problems, such as instability and self-quenching under physiolog...

  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,332 Views
40 Pages

29 November 2024

7,7′,8,8′-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) is one of the most widely used effective surface electron acceptors in organic electronics and sensors, which opens up a very interesting field in electrochemical applications. In this review arti...

  • Review
  • Open Access
56 Citations
13,458 Views
55 Pages

Metal and Covalent Organic Frameworks for Membrane Applications

  • Mingyuan Fang,
  • Carmen Montoro and
  • Mona Semsarilar

Better and more efficient membranes are needed to face imminent and future scientific, technological and societal challenges. New materials endowed with enhanced properties are required for the preparation of such membranes. Metal and Covalent Organi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,527 Views
12 Pages

Covalent Organic Framework Enhanced Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Batteries

  • Bingyi Ma,
  • Lei Zhong,
  • Sheng Huang,
  • Min Xiao,
  • Shuanjin Wang,
  • Dongmei Han and
  • Yuezhong Meng

12 April 2024

High ionic conductivity, outstanding mechanical stability, and a wide electrochemical window are the keys to the application of solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Due to their regular channels for ion transport and tailored functional groups...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,655 Views
11 Pages

Metal Imidazole-Modified Covalent Organic Frameworks as Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction

  • Meng Xia,
  • Xinxin Yu,
  • Zhuangzhuang Wu,
  • Yuzhen Zhao,
  • Lijuan Feng and
  • Qi Chen

27 October 2024

Since the product contains no carbon-based substances and can be driven by non-carbon-based electricity, electrocatalytic water splitting is considered to be among the most effective strategies for alleviating the energy crisis and environmental poll...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,007 Views
11 Pages

15 August 2022

Novel covalent organic framework (COF) composites containing a bipyridine multimetal complex were designed and obtained via the coordination interaction between bipyridine groups and metal ions. The obtained Pt and polyoxometalate (POM)–loaded...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
25 Citations
6,043 Views
17 Pages

Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution Assisted by Covalent Organic Frameworks

  • Nuria Romero,
  • Roger Bofill,
  • Laia Francàs,
  • Jordi García-Antón and
  • Xavier Sala

21 June 2021

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous organic polymers built from covalent organic blocks that can be photochemically active when incorporating organic semiconducting units, such as triazine rings or diacetylene bridges. The bandg...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,474 Views
22 Pages

Reticular Chemistry for Optical Sensing of Anions

  • Aasif Helal,
  • Mohd Yusuf Khan,
  • Abuzar Khan,
  • Muhammad Usman and
  • Md. Hasan Zahir

22 August 2023

In the last few decades, reticular chemistry has grown significantly as a field of porous crystalline molecular materials. Scientists have attempted to create the ideal platform for analyzing distinct anions based on optical sensing techniques (chrom...

  • Review
  • Open Access
29 Citations
4,327 Views
21 Pages

Progress and Prospects of Electrochemiluminescence Biosensors Based on Porous Nanomaterials

  • Chenchen Li,
  • Jinghui Yang,
  • Rui Xu,
  • Huan Wang,
  • Yong Zhang and
  • Qin Wei

11 July 2022

Porous nanomaterials have attracted much attention in the field of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) analysis research because of their large specific surface area, high porosity, possession of multiple functional groups, and ease of modification. Porou...

  • Perspective
  • Open Access
37 Citations
7,987 Views
12 Pages

1 November 2018

CO2, emitted mainly from fossil fuel combustion, is one of the major greenhouse gases. CO2 could be converted into more valuable chemical feedstocks including CO, HCOOH, HCHO, CH3OH, or CH4. To reduce CO2, catalysts were designed and their unique cha...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
85 Citations
22,826 Views
23 Pages

Metal–Organic Framework Hybrid Materials and Their Applications

  • Joshua D. Sosa,
  • Timothy F. Bennett,
  • Katherine J. Nelms,
  • Brandon M. Liu,
  • Roberto C. Tovar and
  • Yangyang Liu

14 August 2018

The inherent porous nature and facile tunability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) make them ideal candidates for use in multiple fields. MOF hybrid materials are derived from existing MOFs hybridized with other materials or small molecules us...

  • Short Note
  • Open Access
3,025 Views
3 Pages

4′,4′′′,4′′′′′-Nitrilotris(4-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carbaldehyde)

  • Anatoliy A. Vereshchagin,
  • Julia V. Novoselova,
  • Arseniy Y. Kalnin,
  • Daniil A. Lukyanov and
  • Oleg V. Levin

31 July 2021

Multipodal salicylaldehydes have attracted much scientific interest as scaffolds for the construction of multinuclear complexes, as well as metal and covalent organic frameworks. Herein, we report a preparation of 4′,4′′′,4′′′′′-nitrilotris(4-methoxy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,811 Views
15 Pages

17 February 2024

In recent years, the response of new porous materials to visible light and their potential applications in wastewater treatment has received extensive attention from the scientific community. Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and Covalent Organic Frame...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,019 Views
48 Pages

Supramolecular Materials as Solid-Phase Microextraction Coatings in Environmental Analysis

  • Nicolò Riboni,
  • Erika Ribezzi,
  • Federica Bianchi and
  • Maria Careri

12 June 2024

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has been widely proposed for the extraction, clean-up, and preconcentration of analytes of environmental concern. Enrichment capabilities, preconcentration efficiency, sample throughput, and selectivity in extractin...

  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,615 Views
34 Pages

Nanoscale science is becoming increasingly important and prominent, and further development will necessitate integration with other material chemistries. In other words, it involves the construction of a methodology to build up materials based on nan...

  • Review
  • Open Access
75 Citations
13,851 Views
35 Pages

New and Advanced Porous Carbon Materials in Fine Chemical Synthesis. Emerging Precursors of Porous Carbons

  • Elena Pérez-Mayoral,
  • Inês Matos,
  • Maria Bernardo and
  • Isabel M. Fonseca

1 February 2019

The efficiency of porous carbons in fine chemical synthesis, among other application fields, has been demonstrated since both the porous structure and chemical surface provide the appropriated chemical environment favoring a great variety of relevant...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4,649 Views
13 Pages

18 December 2021

Silicon (Si) is a promising anode material to realize many-fold higher anode capacity in next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Si electrochemistry has strong dependence on the property of the Si interface, and therefore, Si surface engineerin...

  • Review
  • Open Access
51 Citations
10,938 Views
24 Pages

Recent Progress in Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Hydrogen Separation

  • Chong Yang Chuah,
  • Xu Jiang,
  • Kunli Goh and
  • Rong Wang

30 August 2021

Membrane separation is a compelling technology for hydrogen separation. Among the different types of membranes used to date, the mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) are one of the most widely used approaches for enhancing separation performances and surpas...

  • Review
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,250 Views
24 Pages

The industrialization witnessed in the last century has resulted in an unprecedented increase in water pollution. In particular, the water pollution induced by oil contaminants from oil spill accidents, as well as discharges from pharmaceutical, oil/...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,132 Views
35 Pages

17 February 2024

It has become clear that superior material functions are derived from precisely controlled nanostructures. This has been greatly accelerated by the development of nanotechnology. The next step is to assemble materials with knowledge of their nano-lev...

  • Review
  • Open Access
34 Citations
6,975 Views
29 Pages

18 June 2022

Membrane-based nanotechnology possesses high separation efficiency, low economic and energy consumption, continuous operation modes and environmental benefits, and has been utilized in various separation fields. Two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs)...

  • Review
  • Open Access
26 Citations
6,215 Views
18 Pages

17 February 2023

Food safety is a key issue in promoting human health and sustaining life. Food analysis is essential to prevent food components or contaminants causing foodborne-related illnesses to consumers. Electrochemical sensors have become a desirable method f...

  • Review
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,340 Views
34 Pages

Metal–Organic Frameworks as Fillers in Porous Organic Polymer-Based Hybrid Materials: Innovations in Composition, Processing, and Applications

  • Victor Durán-Egido,
  • Daniel García-Giménez,
  • Juan Carlos Martínez-López,
  • Laura Pérez-Vidal and
  • Javier Carretero-González

15 July 2025

Hybrid materials based on porous organic polymers (POPs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are increasing attention for advanced separation processes due to the possibility to combine their properties. POPs provide high surface areas, chemica...

  • Review
  • Open Access
30 Citations
6,678 Views
31 Pages

23 June 2021

Global population growth and water resource scarcity are significant social problems currently being studied by many researchers focusing on finding new materials for water treatment. The aim is to obtain quality water suitable for drinking and indus...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,701 Views
9 Pages

2D Microporous Covalent Organic Frameworks as Cobalt Nanoparticle Supports for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

  • Jialong Song,
  • Li Liao,
  • Zerong Zhang,
  • Yusran Yusran,
  • Rui Wang,
  • Jing Fang,
  • Yaozu Liu,
  • Yu Hou,
  • Yujie Wang and
  • Qianrong Fang

21 June 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new class of porous crystalline polymers, which are considered to be excellent supports for metal nanoparticles (MNPs) due to their highly ordered structure, chemical tunability, and porosity. In this work, tw...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,345 Views
20 Pages

β-Ketoenamine Covalent Organic Frameworks—Effects of Functionalization on Pollutant Adsorption

  • Tiago F. Machado,
  • Filipa A. Santos,
  • Rui F. P. Pereira,
  • Verónica de Zea Bermudez,
  • Artur J. M. Valente,
  • M. Elisa Silva Serra and
  • Dina Murtinho

29 July 2022

Water pollution due to global economic activity is one of the greatest environmental concerns, and many efforts are currently being made toward developing materials capable of selectively and efficiently removing pollutants and contaminants. A series...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,155 Views
11 Pages

Versatile Covalent Postsynthetic Modification of Metal Organic Frameworks via Thermal Condensation for Fluoride Sensing in Waters

  • Eugenio Hernan Otal,
  • Manuela Leticia Kim,
  • Yoshiyuki Hattori,
  • Yu Kitazawa,
  • Juan Paulo Hinestroza and
  • Mutsumi Kimura

Having access to safe drinking water is one of the 17 sustainable development goals defined by the United Nations (UN). However, many settlements around the globe have limited access to drinkable water due to non-anthropogenic pollution of the water...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,453 Views
18 Pages

Organic framework membranes (OFMs) have emerged as transformative materials for separation technologies due to their tunable porosity, structural diversity, and stability, yet their design and optimization face challenges in navigating vast chemical...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,941 Views
11 Pages

Covalent organic framework (COF) has been attracting considerable attention as a novel crystalline material owing to its extended π-electron conjugation and excellent spectral behavior. In this study, we present an imine-linked two-dimensional (2D...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,029 Views
43 Pages

17 February 2024

Nanotechnology has advanced the techniques for elucidating phenomena at the atomic, molecular, and nano-level. As a post nanotechnology concept, nanoarchitectonics has emerged to create functional materials from unit structures. Consider the material...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,510 Views
14 Pages

A Porphyrin-Based Covalent Organic Framework as Metal-Free Visible-LED-Light Photocatalyst for One-Pot Tandem Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation/Knoevenagel Condensation

  • Sara Oudi,
  • Ali Reza Oveisi,
  • Saba Daliran,
  • Mostafa Khajeh,
  • Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy and
  • Hermenegildo García

30 January 2023

A porphyrin-based covalent organic framework (COF), namely Porph-UOZ-COF (UOZ stands for the University of Zabol), has been designed and prepared via the condensation reaction of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (DHPP) with 1,4-benz...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,465 Views
13 Pages

21 February 2022

The safety problem caused by lithium dendrite of lithium metal anode and the rapid capacity decay problem caused by the shuttle effect of polysulfide and polyselenide during the charge and discharge of selenium disulfide cathode limit the application...

  • Review
  • Open Access
47 Citations
7,893 Views
15 Pages

29 July 2019

Immobilization techniques are generally based on reusing enzymes in industrial applications to reduce costs and improve enzyme properties. These techniques have been developing for decades, and many methods for immobilizing enzymes have been designed...

  • Review
  • Open Access
57 Citations
8,985 Views
24 Pages

Development of Covalent Triazine Frameworks as Heterogeneous Catalytic Supports

  • Norini Tahir,
  • Chidharth Krishnaraj,
  • Karen Leus and
  • Pascal Van Der Voort

9 August 2019

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are established as an emerging class of porous organic polymers with remarkable features such as large surface area and permanent porosity, high thermal and chemical stability, and convenient functionalization that...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
2,390 Views
5 Pages

Synthesis of a Novel Porphyrin-Based Metal–Organic Framework (Co-Por MOF)

  • Leyla Tayebi,
  • Rahmatollah Rahimi and
  • Mahboubeh Rabbani

14 November 2019

In this study, a novel porphyrin-based metal–organic framework (Co-Por MOF) was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step solvothermal method. We report a metal–organic framework based on the covalent interaction of an organic linker, 5,10,15,20-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,472 Views
17 Pages

11 April 2025

Advanced water treatment technologies must offer selective, efficient, and cost-effective contaminant removal. In this study, TPB-DMTP-COF-SH, prepared from 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TPB) and 2,5-dimethoxyterephaldehyde (DMTP), was synthesize...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,535 Views
20 Pages

Metal–Porphyrin-Based Covalent Organic Framework Composite Membrane for Salts and Dyes Separation

  • Fatimah Al-Ghazzawi,
  • Mohammed Mahdi Al-Mossawi and
  • Hadeel K. Allayeith

Covalent organic framework (COF) membranes are eminent candidates in filtration and separation applications due to their high porosity, ordered pore size, versatile molecular structure, inherent mechanical properties, and excellent stability. However...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,510 Views
13 Pages

22 February 2021

Dibenzylamine motifs are an important class of crucial organic compounds and are widely used in fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The development of the efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly synthesis of amines using transiti...

  • Review
  • Open Access
52 Citations
13,045 Views
41 Pages

Covalent Organic Framework Composites: Synthesis and Analytical Applications

  • Jenni J. Jarju,
  • Ana M. Lavender,
  • Begoña Espiña,
  • Vanesa Romero and
  • Laura M. Salonen

18 November 2020

In the recent years, composite materials containing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have raised increasing interest for analytical applications. To date, various synthesis techniques have emerged that allow for the preparation of crystalline and p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,270 Views
15 Pages

One-Component Catalytic Electrodes from Metal–Organic Frameworks Covalently Linked to an Anion Exchange Ionomer

  • Riccardo Narducci,
  • Emanuela Sgreccia,
  • Alessio Vincenzo Montella,
  • Gianfranco Ercolani,
  • Saulius Kaciulis,
  • Suanto Syahputra,
  • Emily Bloch,
  • Luca Pasquini,
  • Philippe Knauth and
  • Maria Luisa Di Vona

10 March 2025

Anion-conducting organic–inorganic polymers (OIPs), constructed using metal–organic framework (MOF)-like structures with non-toxic, non-rare catalytic metals (Fe3+, Zr4+), have been developed. The incorporation of MOF-like structures impa...

  • Review
  • Open Access
111 Citations
16,357 Views
34 Pages

Porous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks

  • Yi-Fei Han,
  • Ying-Xue Yuan and
  • Hong-Bo Wang

13 February 2017

Ordered porous solid-state architectures constructed via non-covalent supramolecular self-assembly have attracted increasing interest due to their unique advantages and potential applications. Porous metal-coordination organic frameworks (MOFs) are g...

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