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1,156 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,444 Views
12 Pages

17 June 2023

The presence of insecticides like pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids, combined with the synergist piperonyl butoxide, in animal feeds can pose a risk to both animal and human health by contaminating the food chain. In this study, a simple and fast...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,763 Views
11 Pages

18 August 2024

There has been a growing interest in the use of hemp as an animal feed ingredient considering its economic value and nutritional properties. However, there is a paucity of research regarding the safety of hemp-based animal feed currently. Thus, this...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,000 Views
16 Pages

Design and Optimization of Geometry of Liquid Feed Conveyor Pipes

  • Yuwen Xia,
  • Jie Hu,
  • Huiyue Hu,
  • Haibin Hu,
  • Jiajia Xiao and
  • Renxin Liu

The promotion and use of liquid feeding face the challenge of insufficiently stable delivery. This issue can be resolved, in part, by using the spiral flow produced by a spiral pipe (SPP). The aim of this study is to investigate how the structural ch...

  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
7,020 Views
43 Pages

Microbial Quality of Liquid Feed for Pigs and Its Impact on the Porcine Gut Microbiome

  • James T. Cullen,
  • Peadar G. Lawlor,
  • Paul Cormican and
  • Gillian E. Gardiner

16 October 2021

There is evidence that spontaneous fermentation frequently occurs in liquid pig feed that is intended to be delivered as fresh liquid feed, often with a resultant deterioration in the microbial and nutritional quality of the feed, which can negativel...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,017 Views
13 Pages

The Effect of Feeding Liquid or Dry Creep Feed on Growth Performance, Feed Disappearance, Enzyme Activity and Number of Eaters in Suckling Piglets

  • Nanna Byrgesen,
  • Johannes Gulmann Madsen,
  • Christina Larsen,
  • Niels Jørgen Kjeldsen,
  • Malene Skovsted Cilieborg and
  • Charlotte Amdi

4 November 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two dietary treatments (liquid creep feed (LCF) and dry creep feed (DCF)) offered during the suckling period on feed disappearance, number of eaters, and intestinal enzymatic development at weani...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,653 Views
17 Pages

Fermented Diet Liquid Feeding Improves Growth Performance and Intestinal Function of Pigs

  • Huailu Xin,
  • Mingyu Wang,
  • Zou Xia,
  • Bing Yu,
  • Jun He,
  • Jie Yu,
  • Xiangbing Mao,
  • Zhiqing Huang,
  • Yuheng Luo and
  • Junqiu Luo
  • + 5 authors

19 May 2021

Accumulating evidences demonstrate that fermented feed and liquid feeding exerted a great beneficial influence on growth performance and health in the pig industry. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of fermented liquid feeding on...

  • Article
  • Open Access
984 Views
21 Pages

Composite Probiotics Improve Gut Health and Enhance Tryptophan Metabolism in Nursery Piglets During Liquid Feeding

  • Man Du,
  • Qifan Zhang,
  • Yutian Shen,
  • Jie Fu,
  • Yizhen Wang,
  • Bin Yao and
  • Zeqing Lu

Probiotics are widely used as dietary additives to strengthen gut barrier function, shape microbiota composition, regulate host metabolism, and promote overall health. To enhance probiotic delivery and microbial viability, this study evaluated a liqu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,450 Views
14 Pages

Effects of Using Farm-Grown Forage as a Component in ad Libitum Liquid Feeding for Pregnant Sows in Group-Housing on Body Condition Development and Performance

  • Clara Berenike Hartung,
  • Stephanie Frenking,
  • Bussarakam Chuppava,
  • Friederike von und zur Mühlen,
  • Josef Kamphues,
  • Peter Ebertz,
  • Richard Hölscher,
  • Eva Angermann and
  • Christian Visscher

7 December 2021

When feeding pregnant sows, optimal body condition at birth is sought to avoid the effects of a deviant nutritional condition on health and performance. Various feeding concepts exist but mainly have a restriction in quantity and renunciation of farm...

  • Review
  • Open Access
62 Citations
23,273 Views
63 Pages

Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Common Nutritional Components, in Feed and Food

  • Carolina Cortés-Herrera,
  • Graciela Artavia,
  • Astrid Leiva and
  • Fabio Granados-Chinchilla

20 December 2018

Food and feed laboratories share several similarities when facing the implementation of liquid-chromatographic analysis. Using the experience acquired over the years, through application chemistry in food and feed research, selected analytes of relev...

  • Article
  • Open Access
50 Citations
5,078 Views
16 Pages

Mycotoxin Removal by Lactobacillus spp. and Their Application in Animal Liquid Feed

  • Chaima Ragoubi,
  • Laura Quintieri,
  • Donato Greco,
  • Amel Mehrez,
  • Imed Maatouk,
  • Vito D’Ascanio,
  • Ahmed Landoulsi and
  • Giuseppina Avantaggiato

2 March 2021

The removal of mycotoxins from contaminated feed using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been proposed as an inexpensive, safe, and promising mycotoxin decontamination strategy. In this study, viable and heat-inactivated L. acidophilus CIP 76.13T and L....

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,023 Views
11 Pages

2 October 2022

Methane production characteristics of anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure (PM) and fermented liquid feed (FLF) were investigated in a continuous digester under mesophilic conditions. The experiment followed three phases. PM alone was digested in pha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,549 Views
15 Pages

Effects of Fermented Liquid Feed with Compound Probiotics on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Fecal Microbiota of Growing Pigs

  • Mengting Ji,
  • Xiaoyin Rong,
  • Yifan Wu,
  • Haonan Li,
  • Xiaolei Zhao,
  • Yan Zhao,
  • Xiaohong Guo,
  • Guoqing Cao,
  • Yang Yang and
  • Bugao Li

4 March 2025

Feed fermentation enhances feed nutrition and animal health, but its impact on the gut microbiota of young pigs remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a probiotic fermented feed, which includes Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,164 Views
12 Pages

28 January 2019

A new multi-residue method for the analysis of sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfaguanidine and sulfamethoxazole) in non-target feeds using high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) and prec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,499 Views
14 Pages

A reliable and sensitive analytical method was developed for simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol(DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), fusarenon X (FUS-X), and masked deoxynivalenol (deoxynivalenol-3-gluco...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,940 Views
13 Pages

31 August 2019

N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), a synthetic analogue of N-acetylglutamate, is an activator of blood ammonia conversion and endogenous arginine synthesis. Here, we established an accurate quantitative determination of NCG in feeds, animal tissues, and body...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
5,759 Views
20 Pages

23 March 2020

The objective of this work was the development of a methodology capable of simultaneously determine 26 mycotoxins in mixed feed rations collected in 20 dairy farms. A sample preparation methodology based on a combination of (d)SPE and QuEChERS extrac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
4,845 Views
18 Pages

Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins in Swine, Poultry and Dairy Feeds Using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

  • Kraiwut Nualkaw,
  • Saranya Poapolathep,
  • Zhaowei Zhang,
  • Qi Zhang,
  • Mario Giorgi,
  • Peiwu Li,
  • Antonio Francesco Logrieco and
  • Amnart Poapolathep

13 April 2020

A reliable, sensitive and accurate multiple mycotoxin method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 17 mycotoxins in swine, poultry and dairy feeds using stable isotope dilution (13C-ISTD) and (ultra)-high performance liquid chromatograp...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,399 Views
18 Pages

Diets Fermented with Bacteria and Enzymes in China Improve Growth Performance and Health of Weaned Piglets

  • Zequn Fan,
  • Zou Xia,
  • Pierre Cozannet,
  • Marta Perez de Nanclares,
  • Huailu Xin,
  • Mingyu Wang,
  • Daiwen Chen,
  • Bing Yu,
  • Jun He and
  • Jie Yu
  • + 6 authors

23 November 2022

Microbial fermentation has been widely used to preserve or improve the nutritional properties of food. Liquid feeding can increase feed intake and reduce the morbidity of piglets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a diet ferm...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,773 Views
17 Pages

The Influence of Feeding Type on Quality and Nutritional Characteristics of Pork Fat

  • Agata Górska,
  • Magdalena Wirkowska-Wojdyła,
  • Ewa Ostrowska-Ligęza,
  • Krzysztof Dasiewicz and
  • Mirosław Słowiński

14 September 2024

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of feeding type on selected quality parameters and the nutritional characteristics of pork fat. Fats were extracted by using the modified Folch method from the groin, jowl and trimming shoulder of pi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,836 Views
7 Pages

A Limited Survey of Aflatoxins in Poultry Feed and Feed Ingredients in Guyana

  • Donna M. Morrison,
  • David R. Ledoux,
  • Lambert F. B. Chester and
  • Coretta A. N. Samuels

24 November 2017

A study was conducted to determine the presence of aflatoxins in finished poultry feed from manufacturing companies, feed ingredients, and poultry feed at the point of sale. Two collections were made. In the first collection, samples of the finished...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
5,884 Views
16 Pages

5 June 2020

Mycotoxins are toxic compounds for humans and animals that are produced by fungi. Mycotoxin contamination in feed is a global safety concern and effective control of these compounds in this matrix is needed. This study proposes a simple, cost-effecti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,308 Views
15 Pages

Influence of Fermented Diets on In Vitro Survival Rate of Some Artificially Inoculated Pathogens—A Preliminary Study

  • Sebastian Bunte,
  • Birgit Keller,
  • Bussarakam Chuppava,
  • Josef Kamphues,
  • Christian Visscher and
  • Amr Abd El-Wahab

24 October 2020

Improving the hygienic status of feed ingredients by biotechnological processes as fermentation is of the greatest concern. This preliminary study aimed to investigate whether there are relevant effects of fermented liquid feed (FLF) on the survival...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
8,168 Views
18 Pages

Differential Defecation of Solid and Liquid Phases in Horses—A Descriptive Survey

  • Katrin M. Lindroth,
  • Astrid Johansen,
  • Viveca Båverud,
  • Johan Dicksved,
  • Jan Erik Lindberg and
  • Cecilia E. Müller

1 January 2020

Free faecal liquid (FFL) is a condition in horses where faeces are voided in one solid and one liquid phase. The liquid phase contaminates the tail, hindlegs and area around the anus of the horse, resulting in management problems and potentially cont...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,154 Views
19 Pages

Supplementation of Molasses-Based Liquid Feed for Cattle Fed on Limpograss Hay

  • Daciele Abreu,
  • José C. B. Dubeux,
  • Luana Dantas Queiroz,
  • David Jaramillo,
  • Erick Rodrigo Da Silva Santos,
  • Flávia van Cleef,
  • Carlos Vela-Garcia,
  • Nicolas DiLorenzo and
  • Martin Ruiz-Moreno

29 August 2022

Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of (1) different levels of liquid supplementation (LS) based on molasses enriched with 32% (as fed; 45% on DM basis) crude protein (CP) on intake of Hemarthria altissima hay (LH), digestibility,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,971 Views
11 Pages

Response Surface Optimization of Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with HPLC for the Rapid Analysis of Multiple Coccidiostats in Feed

  • Haolan Tang,
  • Shudan Liao,
  • Jian Yang,
  • Lilong Zhang,
  • Aijuan Tan,
  • Deyuan Ou,
  • Shiming Lv and
  • Xuqin Song

5 December 2022

Since antimicrobials were banned as feed additives, coccidiostats with favorable anticoccidial action and growth promotion have been widely used in the breeding industry. The monitoring of coccidiostats in feed is necessary, while the current methods...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,106 Views
13 Pages

18 October 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional suitability of WDGS in pigs’ feeding and production. Pigs were liquid fed and divided into 3 groups. Pigs in the control group were fed diets based on cereal grains, while the experimen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
63 Citations
6,288 Views
17 Pages

Well-Dispersed Cellulose Nanofiber in Low Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite by Liquid-Assisted Extrusion

  • Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar,
  • Hidayah Ariffin,
  • Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim,
  • Mohd Ali Hassan,
  • Yoshito Andou,
  • Takayuki Tsukegi and
  • Haruo Nishida

17 April 2020

Two different liquid assisted processing methods: internal melt-blending (IMB) and twin-screw extrusion (TWS) were performed to fabricate polyethylene (PE)/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) nanocomposites. The nanocomposites consisted maleic anhydride-grafte...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,981 Views
12 Pages

22 June 2021

Rapid chromatographic procedure for quantification of five sulfonamides in medicated feeds are proposed. Satisfactory separation of sulfonamides from medicated feeds was achieved using a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm particle size...

  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
5,949 Views
13 Pages

Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Swine Feeding from Spain

  • Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares,
  • Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez,
  • Plácido Arenas-Fernández,
  • Ana M. García-Campaña and
  • Laura Gámiz-Gracia

15 June 2019

A survey including 228 pig feed samples from Spain has been developed, exploring the occurrence of 19 mycotoxins (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, ochratoxin A, fumonisins B1 and B2, citrinin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fusarenon X, sterigmatocystin,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
642 Views
20 Pages

27 May 2025

Objective: This study aimed to develop a robust multi-residue analytical method for the precise identification and quantification of six macrolide antiparasitic agents commonly used in animal husbandry feeds. Method: Feed samples were extracted using...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,805 Views
25 Pages

Characterization of Liquid Dosage Forms of Atenolol and Enalapril Maleate for Oral and Enteral Feeding Administration

  • Sandra Mota,
  • Ana Torres,
  • Clara Quintas,
  • António M. Peres,
  • Nuno Ferreiro,
  • Rebeca Cruz,
  • Helena Ferreira,
  • Isabel F. Almeida and
  • Susana Casal

9 August 2024

The limited availability of pharmaceutical formulations tailored for cardiovascular diseases in both pediatric and geriatric populations generates the need for compounded dosage forms to guarantee precise dosing and medication adherence. This study a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,532 Views
14 Pages

1 February 2022

In this paper, the forming mechanism of cooling hole electrolytic machining is studied using multi-physical field coupled simulation and experimental observation. A multi-physical field coupled simulation model was established to obtain the gas&ndash...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,232 Views
16 Pages

8 June 2024

Livestock blood, typically considered a waste byproduct of the slaughter industry, has the potential to be a valuable resource in the environmental and agricultural industries owing to its high protein content. This study reports the mechanisms invol...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,823 Views
20 Pages

28 September 2024

Background/Objectives: This study compared two pilot scale continuous manufacturing methods of solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) via hot melt extrusion (HME). Methods: A model poorly water-soluble drug carvedilol in low dose (0.5&...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
6,202 Views
21 Pages

13 April 2019

New protein sources in fish feed require the assessment of the carry-over potential of contaminants and anti-nutrients from feed ingredients into the fish, and the assessment of possible health risks for consumers. Presently, plant materials includin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
3,190 Views
20 Pages

14 July 2022

For various obstacles in the path of a flowing liquid stream, an artificial neural networking (ANN) model is constructed to study the hydrodynamic force depending on the object. The multilayer perceptron (MLP), back propagation (BP), and feed-forward...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,547 Views
15 Pages

Effects of Weaning Age and Creep Feed Type on Growth Performance and Gut Maturation in Weaned Piglets

  • Kimmie Kyed Lyderik,
  • Xuwen Zhang,
  • Christina Larsen,
  • Niels Jørgen Kjeldsen,
  • Marie Louise Madelung Pedersen,
  • Mette Skou Hedemann,
  • Andrew Richard Williams,
  • Charlotte Amdi and
  • Johannes Gulmann Madsen

1 June 2023

The objective was to study the effects of weaning in week 5 (W5) vs. week 4 (W4), as well as liquid (LF) vs. dry feed (DF), on growth performance, disaccharidase activity and nutrient transporter expression after weaning. The experiment included 12,9...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,837 Views
21 Pages

Lysozyme–Mineral Clay Systems: Comparison of Interaction for Controlled Release in Feed Application

  • Marianna Guagliano,
  • Matteo Dell’Anno,
  • Giovanni Dotelli,
  • Elisabetta Finocchio,
  • Maria Lacalamita,
  • Ernesto Mesto,
  • Serena Reggi,
  • Luciana Rossi,
  • Emanuela Schingaro and
  • Elena Staltari
  • + 1 author

10 May 2023

A synthetic approach to bond lysozyme (LY) to commercial natural carriers, namely clay minerals (bentonite, BN; and sepiolite, SP) and commercial zeolite (Phil 75®, PH), already in use in feed formulation, is proposed. The synthetic route, which impl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,291 Views
12 Pages

Effect of a Co-Feed Liquid Whey-Integrated Diet on Crossbred Pigs’ Fecal Microbiota

  • Anna Maria Sutera,
  • Francesca Arfuso,
  • Giuseppe Tardiolo,
  • Valentina Riggio,
  • Francesco Fazio,
  • Riccardo Aiese Cigliano,
  • Andreu Paytuví,
  • Giuseppe Piccione and
  • Alessandro Zumbo

25 May 2023

This study assessed the potential effect of a co-feed liquid whey-integrated diet on the fecal microbiota of 14 crossbred pigs. The experimental design was as follows: seven pigs were in the control group, fed with a control feed, and seven were in t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,623 Views
21 Pages

16 December 2020

Segmented slug flow systems in capillaries have already shown good potential for process intensification, due to their symmetry in the characteristic flow pattern. However, several challenges remain in this technology. For instance, in gas-consuming...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,945 Views
14 Pages

Feeding and Management of Horses with and without Free Faecal Liquid: A Case–Control Study

  • Katrin M. Lindroth,
  • Jan-Erik Lindberg,
  • Astrid Johansen and
  • Cecilia E. Müller

30 August 2021

Free faecal liquid (FFL) in horses is characterised by the excretion of faeces in two phases (one solid and one liquid), which may cause dermatitis on the hindlegs. The causes of FFL are not known. Results from previous studies have indicated that fe...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
7,487 Views
20 Pages

19 May 2019

As of today, industrial process development for liquid-liquid extraction and scale-up of extraction columns is based on an experimental procedure that requires tests in pilot-scale. This methodology consumes large amounts of material and time and the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,380 Views
11 Pages

29 March 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of supplementing liquid feeds with a mixture of ethyl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acid of linseed oil (EEPUFA; α-linolenic acid—64.5%, linoleic acid—16.1%, and oleic acid—19.4%) on...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,666 Views
11 Pages

Simultaneous Determination of Ergot Alkaloids in Swine and Dairy Feeds Using Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

  • Saranya Poapolathep,
  • Narumol Klangkaew,
  • Zhaowei Zhang,
  • Mario Giorgi,
  • Antonio Francesco Logrieco and
  • Amnart Poapolathep

13 October 2021

Ergot alkaloids (EAs) are mycotoxins mainly produced by the fungus Claviceps purpurea. EAs are known to affect the nervous system and to be vasoconstrictors in humans and animals. This work presents recent advances in swine and dairy feeds regarding...

  • Article
  • Open Access
261 Views
17 Pages

Investigating Alternative Larval Feeding Strategies for Cherry Barb (Puntius titteya) Using Feed Attractants and Liquid Artemia Replacement Diets

  • Travis G. Knorr,
  • Casey A. Murray,
  • Olivia I. Markham,
  • Brittney D. Lacy,
  • Amy L. Wood,
  • Clayton N. Patmagrian and
  • Matthew A. DiMaggio

23 October 2025

The cherry barb (Puntius titteya) is a staple of the ornamental aquaculture industry, with an estimated 60,000 individuals produced monthly in Florida, USA. On a commercial scale, small improvements in efficiency may yield considerable economic and o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,254 Views
21 Pages

19 February 2020

The hydrodynamic information of liquid oxygen in the conveying pipeline of cryogenic launch vehicles directly determines the reliability of the operation of the turbopump. A 0.09 MPa anomalous pressure fall phenomenon in the feeding system has been o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
6,289 Views
11 Pages

Evaluation of A Concentrated Preterm Formula as a Liquid Human Milk Fortifier in Preterm Babies at Increased Risk of Feed Intolerance

  • Anish Pillai,
  • Susan Albersheim,
  • Julie Matheson,
  • Vikki Lalari,
  • Sylvia Wei,
  • Sheila M Innis and
  • Rajavel Elango

4 October 2018

There are concerns around safety and tolerance of powder human milk fortifiers to optimize nutrition in preterm infants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tolerance and safety of a concentrated preterm formula (CPF) as a liquid human milk...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,017 Views
16 Pages

11 September 2022

In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol, aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin and fumonisin B1 in feed and feedstuff was established. The sample...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,396 Views
13 Pages

21 October 2019

The comprehensive bacterial populations and metabolites profile in fermented feed is unclear, which may have significant effects on the stability of fermented feed quality and animal gut health. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
701 Views
17 Pages

Effects of Fermented Liquid Feed on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Intestinal Microbiota of Yuedong Black Pigs

  • Guoqing Han,
  • Shuai Liu,
  • Chunxiu Zhao,
  • Lei Lei,
  • Ran Yi,
  • Zewei Ma,
  • Jinhao Liu,
  • Canjun Zhu,
  • Songbo Wang and
  • Lina Wang
  • + 3 authors

10 September 2025

Fermented liquid feed (FLF) is a microbiologically fermented, highly nutritious and easily digestible feed. This study investigated the effects of FLF on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbes...

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