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  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
4,373 Views
17 Pages

A Lightweight Model for Real-Time Monitoring of Ships

  • Bowen Xing,
  • Wei Wang,
  • Jingyi Qian,
  • Chengwu Pan and
  • Qibo Le

8 September 2023

Real-time monitoring of ships is crucial for inland navigation management. Under complex conditions, it is difficult to balance accuracy, real-time performance, and practicality in ship detection and tracking. We propose a lightweight model, YOLOv8-F...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems & Control Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,687 Views
15 Pages

Welding is the most expensive process in building ships and offshore plants. Therefore, the quantity of welding material should be calculated for the subsections (cells) of the blocks for efficient work planning, and welding paths must be generated f...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,296 Views
24 Pages

Lightweight Ship Detection Network for SAR Range-Compressed Domain

  • Xiangdong Tan,
  • Xiangguang Leng,
  • Zhongzhen Sun,
  • Ru Luo,
  • Kefeng Ji and
  • Gangyao Kuang

4 September 2024

The utilization of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for real-time ship detection proves highly advantageous in the supervision and monitoring of maritime activities. Ship detection in the range-compressed domain of SAR rather than in fully focused SAR...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue SAR-Based Signal Processing and Target Recognition (Second Edition))
  • Article
  • Open Access
89 Citations
7,361 Views
21 Pages

YOLO-Lite: An Efficient Lightweight Network for SAR Ship Detection

  • Xiaozhen Ren,
  • Yanwen Bai,
  • Gang Liu and
  • Ping Zhang

29 July 2023

Automatic ship detection in SAR images plays an essential role in both military and civilian fields. However, most of the existing deep learning detection methods introduce complex models and huge calculations while improving the detection accuracy,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave Remote Sensing for Object Detection)
  • Article
  • Open Access
57 Citations
6,379 Views
20 Pages

A Lightweight Model for Ship Detection and Recognition in Complex-Scene SAR Images

  • Boli Xiong,
  • Zhongzhen Sun,
  • Jin Wang,
  • Xiangguang Leng and
  • Kefeng Ji

29 November 2022

SAR ship detection and recognition are important components of the application of SAR data interpretation, allowing for the continuous, reliable, and efficient monitoring of maritime ship targets, in view of the present situation of SAR interpretatio...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Artificial Intelligence Algorithm for the Analysis of Remote Sensing Images)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
734 Views
24 Pages

HLNet: A Lightweight Network for Ship Detection in Complex SAR Environments

  • Xiaopeng Guo,
  • Fan Deng,
  • Jie Gong,
  • Jing Zhang,
  • Jiajia Guo,
  • Yong Wang,
  • Yinmei Zeng and
  • Gongquan Li

12 February 2026

The coherent speckle noise in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, together with complex sea clutter and large variations in ship target scales, poses significant challenges to accurate and robust ship detection, particularly under strict lightwei...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Methods and Applications in SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Image Target Detection and Recognition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
3,435 Views
26 Pages

4 September 2023

Ship detection technology has achieved significant progress recently. However, for practical applications, lightweight ship detection still remains a very challenging problem since small ships have small relative scales in wide images and are easily...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Target Object Detection and Identification II)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
658 Views
24 Pages

23 April 2026

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ship target detection is crucial for marine monitoring, offering vital support for maritime security, navigation safety, and environmental surveillance. However, deploying advanced deep learning models on resource-const...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Target Recognition and Detection Based on High Resolution Radar Images (Second Edition))
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,987 Views
23 Pages

2 September 2024

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have significantly advanced in recent years in detecting arbitrary-oriented ships in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. However, challenges remain with multi-scale target detection and deployment on satellite-...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Signal and Image Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
89 Citations
6,386 Views
20 Pages

Multi-Scale Ship Detection Algorithm Based on a Lightweight Neural Network for Spaceborne SAR Images

  • Shanwei Liu,
  • Weimin Kong,
  • Xingfeng Chen,
  • Mingming Xu,
  • Muhammad Yasir,
  • Limin Zhao and
  • Jiaguo Li

25 February 2022

The current limited spaceborne hardware resources and the diversity of ship target scales in SAR images have led to the requirement of on-orbit real-time detection of ship targets in spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. In this paper, we...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Techniques Applied to Geosciences and Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,537 Views
18 Pages

LPFFNet: Lightweight Prior Feature Fusion Network for SAR Ship Detection

  • Xiaozhen Ren,
  • Peiyuan Zhou,
  • Xiaqiong Fan,
  • Chengguo Feng and
  • Peng Li

12 May 2025

SAR ship detection is of great significance in marine safety, fisheries management, and maritime traffic. At present, many deep learning-based ship detection methods have improved the detection accuracy but also increased the complexity and computati...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue SAR Image Object Detection and Information Extraction: Methods and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,084 Views
18 Pages

Research on Improved Lightweight YOLOv5s for Multi-Scale Ship Target Detection

  • Peng Zhang,
  • Peiqiao Zhu,
  • Ze Sun,
  • Jun Ding,
  • Jiale Zhang,
  • Junwei Dong and
  • Wei Guo

12 July 2024

Fast and accurate ship target detection technology plays an important role in improving driving safety, rescue at sea, marine environmental protection, and sea traffic control. It is also one of the key technologies for the development of ship inform...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,855 Views
20 Pages

7 January 2024

Lightweight ship detection is an important application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The prevailing trend in recent research involves employing a detection framework based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and horizontal bounding boxes (HB...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning Based Target Detection and Recognition in Remote Sensing Images)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,531 Views
20 Pages

A Ship’s Maritime Critical Target Identification Method Based on Lightweight and Triple Attention Mechanisms

  • Pu Wang,
  • Shenhua Yang,
  • Guoquan Chen,
  • Weijun Wang,
  • Zeyang Huang and
  • Yuanliang Jiang

14 October 2024

The ability to classify and recognize maritime targets based on visual images plays an important role in advancing ship intelligence and digitalization. The current target recognition algorithms for common maritime targets, such as buoys, reefs, othe...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,175 Views
14 Pages

30 September 2020

One of the most widely used methods for representing the shapes of ships and offshore plants is triangular mesh, which has a simple structure and is easy to visualize. In particular, lightweight models composed of triangular meshes are often used as...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Technologies for Shipbuilding)
  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
6,609 Views
17 Pages

A Lightweight SAR Image Ship Detection Method Based on Improved Convolution and YOLOv7

  • Hongdou Tang,
  • Song Gao,
  • Song Li,
  • Pengyu Wang,
  • Jiqiu Liu,
  • Simin Wang and
  • Jiang Qian

26 January 2024

The airborne and satellite-based synthetic aperture radar enables the acquisition of high-resolution SAR oceanographic images in which even the outlines of ships can be identified. The detection of ship targets from SAR images has a wide range of app...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave Remote Sensing for Object Detection)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
2,485 Views
20 Pages

3 December 2024

At present, the majority of deep learning-based ship object detection algorithms concentrate predominantly on enhancing recognition accuracy, often overlooking the complexity of the algorithm. These complex algorithms demand significant computational...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,601 Views
26 Pages

18 August 2025

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ship detection faces significant challenges due to complex marine backgrounds, diverse ship scales and shapes, and the demand for lightweight algorithms. Traditional methods, such as constant false alarm rate and edge d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
279 Views
26 Pages

3 October 2026

Reliable visual perception of surrounding vessels is essential for situational awareness and safe navigation of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). In complex nearshore waterways, densely distributed ships, significant scale variations, and mutual occl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Agent Systems for Marine Applications: From Theory to Practice)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,309 Views
24 Pages

6 February 2022

The sophistication of ship detection technology in remote sensing images is insufficient, the detection results differ substantially from the practical requirements, mainly reflected in the inadequate support for the differentiated application of mul...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,868 Views
14 Pages

22 November 2023

Aiming at the problem of insufficient feature extraction, low precision, and recall in sea surface ship detection, a YOLOv5 algorithm based on lightweight convolution and attention mechanism is proposed. We combine the receptive field enhancement mod...

  • Article
  • Open Access
77 Citations
6,174 Views
19 Pages

A Lightweight Position-Enhanced Anchor-Free Algorithm for SAR Ship Detection

  • Yun Feng,
  • Jie Chen,
  • Zhixiang Huang,
  • Huiyao Wan,
  • Runfan Xia,
  • Bocai Wu,
  • Long Sun and
  • Mengdao Xing

15 April 2022

As an active microwave device, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) uses the backscatter of objects for imaging. SAR image ship targets are characterized by unclear contour information, a complex background and strong scattering. Existing deep learning det...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Meets Deep Learning)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,063 Views
21 Pages

The accurate detection of small ships based on images or vision is critical for many scenarios, like maritime surveillance, port security, and navigation safety. However, achieving accurate detection for small ships is a challenge for cost-efficiency...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,773 Views
17 Pages

Recently, cargo ship detection in remote sensing images based on deep learning is of great significance for cargo ship monitoring. However, the existing detection network is not only unable to realize autonomous operation on spaceborne platforms due...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning and Remote Sensing in Ocean Science and Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,977 Views
21 Pages

S2M-Net: A Novel Lightweight Network for Accurate Small Ship Recognition in SAR Images

  • Guobing Wang,
  • Rui Zhang,
  • Junye He,
  • Yuxin Tang,
  • Yue Wang,
  • Yonghuan He,
  • Xunqiang Gong and
  • Jiang Ye

1 October 2025

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides all-weather and all-day imaging capabilities and can penetrate clouds and fog, playing an important role in ship detection. However, small ships usually contain weak feature information in such images and are e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
235 Citations
15,525 Views
27 Pages

20 February 2022

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites can provide microwave remote sensing images without weather and light constraints, so they are widely applied in the maritime monitoring field. Current SAR ship detection methods based on deep learning (DL) a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence-Based Learning Approaches for Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,711 Views
21 Pages

A Lightweight YOLOv5-MNE Algorithm for SAR Ship Detection

  • Lei Pang,
  • Baoxuan Li,
  • Fengli Zhang,
  • Xichen Meng and
  • Lu Zhang

19 September 2022

Unlike optical satellites, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites can operate all day and in all weather conditions, so they have a broad range of applications in the field of ocean monitoring. The ship targets’ contour information from SAR...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,192 Views
29 Pages

In scenarios such as nearshore and inland waterways, the ship spots in a marine radar are easily confused with reefs and shorelines, leading to difficulties in ship identification. In such settings, the conventional ARPA method based on fractal detec...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Ships and Waterways: Design, Operation and Advanced Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,898 Views
19 Pages

14 October 2022

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ship detection has been the focus of many previous studies. Traditional SAR ship detectors face challenges in complex environments due to the limitations of manual feature extraction. With the rise of deep learning (DL)...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing in Intelligent Maritime Research)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,910 Views
23 Pages

Efficient mobile detection equipment plays a vital role in ensuring maritime safety, and accurate ship identification is crucial for maritime traffic. Recently, the most advanced learning-based methods have markedly improved the accuracy of ship dete...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
71 Citations
12,118 Views
18 Pages

26 December 2024

Arbitrary-oriented ship detection has become challenging due to problems of high resolution, poor imaging clarity, and large size differences between targets in remote sensing images. Most of the existing ship detection methods are difficult to use s...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensing and Imaging)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,596 Views
16 Pages

10 March 2023

The study aims to develop an integrating risk-based formulation and cost-benefit analysis for identifying an optimal ship hull structural design solution where the steel cargo holds aluminium honeycomb sandwich panels to replace inner side shells. Th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ship Structures: Design Loads and Reliability Assessment)
  • Article
  • Open Access
479 Views
31 Pages

15 September 2026

Two-stage oriented detectors achieve high localization accuracy in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ship detection, but their large backbones, feature pyramids, proposal modules, and heavy region of interest (RoI) heads hinder deployment. Existing ligh...

(This article belongs to the Section AI Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
64 Citations
7,901 Views
16 Pages

29 September 2022

Ship fire is one of the greatest dangers to ship navigation safety. Nevertheless, typical detection methods have limited detection effectiveness and accuracy due to distance restrictions and ship motion. Although the issue can be addressed by image r...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Environmental Perception and Underwater Detection)
  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
5,119 Views
21 Pages

13 July 2021

Traditional constant false alarm rate (CFAR) based ship target detection methods do not work well in complex conditions, such as multi-scale situations or inshore ship detection. With the development of deep learning techniques, methods based on conv...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Imaging of the Sea Surface: Simulation, Modelling, and Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
3,802 Views
21 Pages

A Lightweight Network Based on One-Level Feature for Ship Detection in SAR Images

  • Wenbo Yu,
  • Zijian Wang,
  • Jiamu Li,
  • Yunhua Luo and
  • Zhongjun Yu

10 July 2022

Recently, deep learning has greatly promoted the development of detection methods for ship targets in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. However, existing detection networks are mostly based on large-scale models and high-cost computations, which...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing in Intelligent Maritime Research)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,892 Views
28 Pages

LWSARDet: A Lightweight SAR Small Ship Target Detection Network Based on a Position–Morphology Matching Mechanism

  • Yuliang Zhao,
  • Yang Du,
  • Qiutong Wang,
  • Changhe Li,
  • Yan Miao,
  • Tengfei Wang and
  • Xiangyu Song

19 July 2025

The all-weather imaging capability of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) confers unique advantages for maritime surveillance. However, ship detection under complex sea conditions still faces challenges, such as high-frequency noise interference and the l...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning-Based Cloud Detection and Removal for Remote Sensing Images)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,265 Views
13 Pages

9 November 2022

In the field of ship detection, most research on lightweight models comes at the expense of accuracy. This study aims to address this challenge through a deep learning approach and proposes a model DWSC-YOLO, which is inspired by YOLOv5 and MobileNet...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,124 Views
18 Pages

24 November 2025

Ship detection plays a pivotal role in safeguarding maritime security, regulating vessel traffic, and bolstering national maritime defense. While contemporary lightweight models predominantly emphasize parameter reduction, efforts to curtail computat...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
232 Views
29 Pages

7 October 2026

Reliable ship detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is challenged by speckles, coastal clutter, scale variation, dense berthing, weak target responses, and limited computing resources. SLA-YOLO is a lightweight YOLO11n detector that coo...

(This article belongs to the Section Radar Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
983 Views
36 Pages

13 February 2026

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a powerful observation system capable of delivering high-resolution imagery under variable sea conditions to support target detection and tracking, such as for ships. However, conventional optical target detection mo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radar and Photo-Electronic Multi-Modal Intelligent Fusion)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,675 Views
18 Pages

25 August 2024

Many exceptional deep learning networks have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in general object detection tasks. However, the challenge of detecting ships in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery increases due to the complex and various nature of...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence Algorithm for Remote Sensing Imagery Processing (4th Edition))
  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
4,703 Views
26 Pages

30 April 2022

It is difficult to identify the ship images obtained by a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) due to the influence of dense ships, complex background and small target size, so a deep learning-based target detection algorithm was introduced to obtain bette...

(This article belongs to the Section Radar Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
337 Views
23 Pages

Deploying robust ship detectors in real-world maritime environments is severely bottlenecked by the dual challenges of strictly constrained computational resources and complex background interferences, such as dense berthing, wake patterns, and SAR s...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,745 Views
25 Pages

24 July 2025

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) provides all-weather, all-time imaging capabilities, enabling reliable maritime ship detection under challenging weather and lighting conditions. However, most high-precision detection models rely on complex architectur...

(This article belongs to the Topic Radar Signal and Data Processing with Applications, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,348 Views
24 Pages

LGNet: A Lightweight Ghost-Enhanced Network for Efficient SAR Ship Detection

  • Jiawei Chen,
  • Junyu Huang,
  • Yuna Tan,
  • Zhifeng Wu and
  • Renbo Luo

23 November 2025

Current SAR ship detection methods face a critical trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency, severely limiting their deployment on resource-constrained edge devices that are essential for distributed maritime surveillance systems. This...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ship Imaging, Detection and Recognition for High-Resolution SAR)
  • Article
  • Open Access
763 Views
24 Pages

15 April 2026

Ship classification in optical remote sensing requires balancing discriminative representation and model efficiency. Standard convolutional neural network (CNN) bottlenecks rely on local spatial kernels and may emphasize high-frequency texture cues,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ship Imaging, Detection and Recognition for High-Resolution SAR)
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,179 Views
21 Pages

Ship-radiated noise classification is critical in ocean acoustics. Recently, the feature extraction method combined with time–frequency spectrograms and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has effectively described the differences between vari...

  • Article
  • Open Access
93 Citations
9,564 Views
18 Pages

On-Board Real-Time Ship Detection in HISEA-1 SAR Images Based on CFAR and Lightweight Deep Learning

  • Pan Xu,
  • Qingyang Li,
  • Bo Zhang,
  • Fan Wu,
  • Ke Zhao,
  • Xin Du,
  • Cankun Yang and
  • Ruofei Zhong

19 May 2021

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites produce large quantities of remote sensing images that are unaffected by weather conditions and, therefore, widely used in marine surveillance. However, because of the hysteresis of satellite-ground communica...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Imaging of the Sea Surface: Simulation, Modelling, and Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,757 Views
16 Pages

28 July 2022

This paper studies the lightweight deep learning object detection algorithm to detect ship targets in SAR images that can be deployed on-orbit and accessed in the space-based IoT. Traditionally, remote sensing data must be transferred to the ground f...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning, Data Mining and IoT Applications in Smart and Sustainable Networks)

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