1,202 Results Found

To overcome various factors that limit crop production and to meet the growing demand for food by the increasing world population. Seed priming technology has been proposed, and it is considered to be a promising strategy for agricultural sciences an...

Irradiation by ionizing radiation is a specific type of controllable modification of the physical and chemical properties of a wide range of polymers, which is, in comparison to traditional chemical methods, rapid, non-polluting, simple, and relative...

Recently, various efforts have been made to reduce the environmental burden caused by semiconductor manufacturing by improving the process efficiency. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), which is used to planarize thin films in semiconductor product...

We reviewed available evidence in medical literature concerning experimental models of exposure to ionizing radiations (IR) and their mechanisms of producing damages on living organisms. The traditional model is based on the theory of “stochast...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a central role in plant communication and ecology, acting as a chemical language that mediates interactions with other organisms and responses to environmental stimuli. Analyzing changes in the plant volatilome...

This short review presents new insights on the mechanism and online monitoring using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI–MS/MS) of Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reactions. MBH reactions are versatile carbon-carbon organocatalyzed bond...

Ionizing radiation has been a critical tool in various fields, such as medicine, agriculture, and energy production, since its discovery in 1895. While its applications—particularly in cancer treatment and diagnostics—offer significant be...

Chemical–mechanical polishing (CMP) is a planarization process that utilizes chemical reactions and mechanical material removal using abrasive particles. With the increasing integration of semiconductor devices, the CMP process is gaining increasing...

Modern radiotherapy utilizes a broad range of sources of ionizing radiation, both low-dose-rate (LDR) and high-dose-rate (HDR). However, the mechanisms underlying specific dose-rate effects remain unclear, especially for corpuscular radiation. To add...

This paper develops a connection between the phenomenology of chemical bonding and the theory of relativity. Empirical correlations between electron numbers in atoms and chemical bond stabilities in molecules are first reviewed and extended. Quantita...

Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is frequently used in semiconductor manufacturing to polish the surfaces of multiple layers in a wafer. The CMP uses a slurry that aids in fabricating a smooth surface by removing the excess materials. However,...

A laboratory-scale wire plate wet electrostatic precipitator was designed and constructed to investigate the particle enhancement and capture characteristics of electrostatically charged droplets in continuous atomization mode. A comparison was made...

Massive biomass waste with lignocellulose components can be used to produce biochar for environmental remediation. However, the impact of lignocellulose pyrolysis on biochar structure in relation to the sorption mechanism of ionizable antibiotics is...

Nuclear pollution is an urgent environmental issue and is a consequence of rapid industrialization and nuclear accidents in the past. Remediation of nuclear polluted sites using microbial vital activity (bioremediation) is a promising approach to rec...

Theoretical and experimental investigations of the radial distribution function of the electron temperature (RDFT), for the abnormal glow region in a low-density plasma fluid and weakly ionized argon gas, are provided. The final proved equation of RD...

This paper reviews the historical progression of arc-quenching media and examines the unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), including its transport characteristics, electrical breakdown resilience, and structural behavior. Throug...

The use of ionizing radiation offers a boundless range of applications for polymer scientists, from inducing crosslinking and/or degradation to grafting a wide variety of monomers onto polymeric chains. This review in particular aims to introduce the...

Isoflavonoids such as genistein (GE) are well known antioxidants. The predictive biological activity of structurally new compounds such as thiogenistein (TGE)–a new analogue of GE–becomes an interesting way to design new drug candidates w...

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have received significant attention as effective RNA carriers in RNA-based therapeutics and vaccines. Particularly, ionizable lipids (ILs) of LNPs play a crucial role in endosomal escape and lipid-mediated RNA delivery owin...

Arachidonic acid (eicosatetraenoic acid) is the precursor of the eicosanoids, which include prostaglandins (PG). Methods based on GC-MS/MS are the Gold Standard for the quantitative analysis of eicosanoids in biological samples. After extraction and...

This review discusses the relationship between cellular senescence and radiation exposure. Given the wide range of ionizing radiation sources encountered by people in professional and medical spheres, as well as the influence of natural background ra...

The repair of the damage produced to the genome and proteome by the action of ionizing radiation, oxidizing agents, and during aging is important to maintain cellular homeostasis. Many of the metabolic pathways influence multiple processes. In this w...

Population aging is occurring rapidly worldwide, challenging the global economy and healthcare services. Brain aging is a significant contributor to various age-related neurological and neuropsychological disorders, including Alzheimer’s diseas...

Nanogels—internally crosslinked macromolecules—have a growing palette of potential applications, including as drug, gene or radioisotope nanocarriers and as in vivo signaling molecules in modern diagnostics and therapy. This has triggered considerabl...

During the last few years, our research group has been investigating the phenomenon of adaptive response in animals exposed to non-ionizing radiofrequency fields. The results from several separate studies indicated a significant increase in survival,...

The mechanisms of retro-Diels–Alder fragmentation of luteolin are studied theoretically using the Density Functional Theory method (B3LYP hybrid functional) together with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set and supported by electrospray ionization tand...

The nuclear industry and other high-radiation environments often need remote monitoring equipment with advanced cameras to achieve precise remote control operations. CMOS image sensors, as a critical component of these cameras, get exposed to γ...

Rearrangements such as the McLafferty rearrangement are common in mass spectrometry of positive ions, but rare in negative ions. The present article searched the literature for McLafferty rearrangements of negative ions formed by negative electrospra...

The long-standing question in radiation and cancer biology is how principles of chromosome organization impact the formation of chromosomal aberrations (CAs). To address this issue, we developed a physical modeling approach and analyzed high-throughp...

Capacitive de-ionization (CDI) holds great promise for water desalination, while the widely used activated carbon (AC) electrodes suffer from a low salt adsorption capacity (SAC) and poor long-term stability due to the co-ion effect and electrode oxi...

The article presents research on ergonomics, biophysical comfort and safety of protective clothing. The resistance of the structural, thermal and mechanical properties of five fabrics (CBXS400, GG200T, Twaron CT736, Dyneema HB26 and T1790C), differin...

Focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is a powerful nanopatterning technique where electrons trigger the local dissociation of precursor molecules, leaving a deposit of non-volatile dissociation products. The fabrication of high-purity gol...

Background: Our study aimed to assess the radiation sensitivity of BT20, a human breast tumor cell line, using the laser-trapping technique and compare it with N2a and 4T1 cells. Additionally, we investigated the impact of the antitumor compound 2-Do...

Chitosans are partially acetylated polymers of glucosamine, structurally characterized by their degree of polymerization as well as their fraction and pattern of acetylation. These parameters strongly influence the physico-chemical properties and bio...

The Flory–Rehner theoretical description of the free energy in a hydrogel swelling model can be broken into two swelling components: the mixing energy and the ionic energy. Conventionally for ionized gels, the ionic energy is characterized as t...

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3−. The “iota” class (ι-CA) was first found in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (tpι-CA) and is widespread among photosynthetic mic...

Cell membrane structure is proposed as a lipid matrix with embedded proteins, and thus, their emerging mechanical and electrostatic properties are commanded by lipid behavior and their interconnection with the included and absorbed proteins, cytoskel...

Ionizing irradiation induces acute and chronic injury to tissues and organs. Applications of antioxidant therapies for the management of ionizing irradiation injury fall into three categories: (1) radiation counter measures against total or partial b...

At 25.0 °C the specific rates of solvolysis for allyl and vinyl chloroformates have been determined in a wide mix of pure and aqueous organic mixtures. In all the solvents studied, vinyl chloroformate was found to react significantly faster than ally...

This paper investigates the water molecule from a variety of viewpoints. Water can involve different isotopes of Hydrogen and Oxygen, it can form differently shaped isomer molecules, and, when frozen, it occupies space differently than most other sub...

There is highly credible evidence that melatonin mitigates cancer at the initiation, progression and metastasis phases. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms underpinning these inhibitory actions have been proposed. What is rather perplexing, howev...

The promotion of natural beauty has empowered women with textured hair to embrace their natural hair texture and opt for bleaching as a means of style variation. However, bleaching exacerbates the inherent fragility of this hair type, necessitating t...

We investigate damage inside the bulk of borosilicate glass by a single shot of IR picosecond laser pulse both experimentally and numerically. In our experiments, bulk damage of borosilicate glass with aspect ratio of about 1:10 is generated. The sha...

We experimentally investigated the quasifree mechanism (QFM) in one-photon double ionization of He and H2 at 800 eV photon energy and circular polarization with a COLTRIMS reaction microscope. Our work provides new insight into this elusive photoioni...

A previous study of the effect of a 2-chloro substituent on the rates and the mechanisms of the solvolysis of ethyl chloroformate is extended to the effect of a 3-chloro substituent on the previously studied solvolysis of propyl chloroformate and to...

As a result of the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant, significant territories were exposed to ionizing radiation. Some isotopes, such as 137Cs, are capable of making a significant impact on living organisms in the long-term perspective. T...

A model of a stationary glow-type discharge in atmospheric-pressure air operated in high-gas-temperature regimes (1000 K < Tg < 6000 K), with a focus on the role of associative ionization reactions involving N(2D,2P)-excited atoms, is developed...

In this work, we develop and apply an ab-initio method to calculate the joint radial- and- angular electron distributions following the interaction of two-electron spherical quantum dots (QD) with intense terahertz pulses of subpicosecond duration. B...

This article reviews the state of the art of the studies on charge regulation (CR) effects in flexible weak polyelectrolytes (FWPE). The characteristic of FWPE is the strong coupling of ionization and conformational degrees of freedom. After introduc...

Early embryonic cells are sensitive to genotoxic stressors such as ionizing radiation. However, sensitivity to these stressors varies depending on the embryonic stage. Recently, the sensitivity and response to ionizing radiation were found to differ...