73 Results Found

Background: Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), a key component of atherogenic lipoproteins, has been increasingly implicated in cardiometabolic disorders beyond dyslipidemia. However, its role in glycemic dysregulation remains unclear. This study aimed to inve...

Neurological disorders and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are deeply intertwined. For example, autonomic neuropathy contributes to the development of T2DM and continued unmanaged T2DM causes further progression of nerve damage. Increasing glycemic c...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease is highly associated with metabolic syndromes. We previously demonstrated that glycemic dysregulation and obesity are augmented in high fat diet (HFD)-treated APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) t...

The intersection of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and sarcopenia, often termed diabetic sarcopenia, represents a critical yet underrecognized comorbidity that significantly impacts the quality of life and functional capacity of older adults. This p...

Background/Objectives: Lumbosacral spinal stenosis (LSS) is a degenerative condition characterized by narrowing of the spinal canal and associated neuropathic pain. While mechanical compression is well-characterized, the molecular mechanisms contribu...

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity were associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between markers of inflammation, disease severity, in...

The aim of the present review is to discuss traditional hypotheses on the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as well as the role of metabolic-syndrome-related mechanisms in AD development with a special focus on advanced glycation end-prod...

The aim of this study was to evaluate a potential correlation between results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the auxological/metabolic parameters in a cohort of overweight patients assessed for suspicion of hyperinsulinism. We analyzed...

Although the immune system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and postpartum abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT), little is known about the transcriptional response of inflammation-related genes linked to m...

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are both age-related diseases. Evidence from recent studies suggests a link between them. The existence of an interaction between autonomic nervous system dysfunction and...

Improper glycemic carbohydrates (GCs) consumption can be a potential risk factor for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, which may lead to cognitive impairment. Although several potential mechanisms have been studied, the biological rela...

There is a growing focus on person-centered care, emphasizing the importance of respecting inter-individual differences and implementing individualized treatment initiatives. Prior research has established an association between personality traits, b...

Introduction: Fasting plasma ketone bodies (KB) are elevated in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and could affect glycemic control and disease progression. Prolonged KB exposure may result in adaptive beneficial responses, counteracting glycemi...

Sleep apnea, a condition that modifies sleep and circadian rhythms, is highly prevalent in patients with diabetes. However, it is not known if there is an association between sleep apnea, circadian alterations and glycemic regulation in this type of...

Background/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is characterized by a dysregulated glucose metabolism, necessitating frequent and often invasive monitoring techniques for its effective management. Saliva, a non-invasive and readily accessible biofluid, has...

Objectives: HbA1c is the most widely used test as an indicator of glucoregulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Asprosin and oxidative stress levels can be reduced with good glycemic control (GC) and thus prevented or delayed micr...

Sebum plays a dual role in skin homeostasis, maintaining barrier function and providing antimicrobial defense. However, its dysregulation drives the pathophysiology of common skin diseases. This review explains that abnormal sebum secretion promotes...

Both Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and depression are leading causes of disability despite T2DM being largely preventable and depression being among the most treatable mental health conditions. Diabetes and depression have a bidirectional associati...

Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic disease characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) dysfunction, and systemic metabolic dysregulation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-2 and MMP-9, are key regulat...

Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection. Nutrition is important in the care of septic patients, but the effects of specific nutrients on inflammation in sepsis are not well defined. Our prior work has shown benefits fro...

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively impacted millions of lives, despite several vaccine interventions and strict precautionary measures. The main causative organism of this disease is the severe acute respiratory syndrome-...

Diabetes is a rapidly increasing global health concern that significantly strains the health system due to its downstream complications. Dysregulation in glycemia represents one of the fundamental obstacles to achieving glycemic control in diabetic p...

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns associated with serious morbidity and increased mortality. Both obesity and T2DM are strongly associated with adiposopathy, a term that describes the pathophysiological changes of th...

Maternal periconceptional diets have known associations with proper offspring neurodevelopment. Mechanisms for such associations include improper energy/nutrient balances between mother and fetus, as well as altered offspring epigenetics during devel...

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), periodontal disease (PD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly prevalent global health conditions with overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional and synergistic re...

Traffic noise has been linked to diabetes, with limited understanding of its mechanisms. We hypothesize that night-time road traffic noise (RTN) may impair glucose homeostasis through circadian rhythm disturbances. We prospectively investigated the r...

Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation and dyslipidemia contribute to metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Dysglycemia, an early stage of glucose dysregulation, reflects this interplay. The neutrophil-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (NHR) integrates in...

Mood disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), are among the leading causes of disability worldwide and are frequently associated with treatment resistance, functional impairment, and high comorbidity with metabo...

Objective: Polyamines are naturally occurring cationic molecules present in all living cells. Dysregulation of circulating polyamines has been reported in several conditions, but little is known about the levels of serum polyamines in chronic metabol...

There is scarce evidence about early nutrition programming of dynamic aspects of glucose homeostasis. We analyzed the long-term effects of early nutrition on glycemic variability in healthy children. A total of 92 children participating in the COGNIS...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity and/or hyperactivity. In recent years, metabolic alterations, primarily obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, have emerged...

Hepatokines are liver-derived proteins that may influence metabolic pathways such as insulin sensitivity. Recently, Sparc-related modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) was identified as glucose-responsive hepatokine that is dysregulated in the se...

Evidence from large epidemiological studies has shown that obesity may predispose to increased Th2 inflammation and increase the odds of developing asthma. On the other hand, there is growing evidence suggesting that metabolic dysregulation that occu...

Emerging contaminants have been increasingly recognized as critical determinants in global public health outcomes. However, the intricate relationship between these contaminants and glucose metabolism remains to be fully elucidated. The paucity of co...

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains one of the leading infectious causes of death globally, with drug resistance presenting a significant challenge to control efforts. The interplay between type 2 diabetes mellitus...

Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and progressive microvascular complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. While traditional markers...

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is characterized by dysregulated insulin secretion, resulting in severe hypoglycemia. Mutations in the ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes encoding KATP channels in beta cells of the pancreas are common among patients with CHI. Au...

The management of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic can be challenging. Even if they are not infected, they are at risk of dysregulated glycemic control due to the restrictive measures which compromise and disru...

Background: Migraine, a prevalent neurovascular disorder, affects millions globally and is associated with significant morbidity. Emerging evidence suggests a crucial role of the gut microbiota and adipose tissue in the modulation of migraine pathoph...

Gastroparesis, characterized by delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction, is a recognized complication of long-standing diabetes. Its pathophysiology involves, amongst other mechanisms, autonomic dysfunction due to vagal nerve damage,...

Depression is considered the second leading cause of the global health burden after cancer. It is recognized as the most common physiological disorder. It affects about 350 million people worldwide to a serious degree. The onset of depression, inadeq...

Cardiometabolic diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature mortality and disability worldwide, arising from of cardiovascular and metabolic dysregulation. This review focuses on six critical therapeutic targets established in cardiometabolic...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) are prevalent chronic conditions with shared pathophysiological links, including inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. This study investigates the potential impact of insulin, metformin, and GLP-1-ba...

Diabetes is a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amino acid compound 2 (AAC2) improves glycemic and cognitive functions in diabetic mouse models through mechanisms distinct from insulin. Our goal was to compare the effects of AAC2,...

Background/Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a heterogeneous condition shaped by metabolic dysfunction, adipose tissue distribution, inflammatory activation, and body composition. Understanding how these...

Chronic kidney disease is a significant global health burden and a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Diabetes mellitus is the primary cause of kidney disease, driving the progression of both micro- and macrovascular complicatio...

Human patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are susceptible to several long-term complications that are related to glycemic control and immune dysregulation. Immune function remains relatively unexplored in dogs with naturally occurring diabe...

Impaired wound healing and especially the “all-too-common” occurrence of associated diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are becoming an increasingly urgent and deteriorating healthcare issue, which drastically impact the quality of life and furthe...

Dysregulated transplacental lipid transfer and fetal–placental lipid metabolism affect birthweight, as does maternal hyperglycemia. As the mechanisms are unclear, we aimed to identify the lipids in umbilical cord plasma that were most associate...

We investigated the effect of tofogliflozin, a sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), on retinal blood flow dysregulation, neural retinal dysfunction, and the impaired neurovascular coupling in type 2 diabetic mice. Tofogliflozi...