Pleiotropy is considered to have a significant impact on multi-trait evolution, but its roles in the evolution of domestication-related traits in crop species have been unclear. In soybean, several known quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling matu...
The maturity of cannabis flowers at harvest critically influences cannabinoid yield and product quality. However, conventional assessment methods rely on subjective visual inspection of trichomes and stigmas, making them inherently inconsistent. This...
Soybean (Glycine max) is a critically important crop for oil, protein, feed, and food security in China. Expanding soybean cultivation into high-latitude regions represents one of the most direct and effective strategies to increase total production....
Water stress has become one of the foremost constraints to agricultural development, mostly in areas that are deficient in water. A field trial has been conducted to evaluate the performance of different twenty wheat genotypes under three stress trea...
Soybean is planted in a wide span of the world, and flowering and maturity time is an important trait determining soybean yield formation and adaptation. Maturity loci E1, E2, E3 and E4 were frequently reported as the most influential genetic loci fo...
The EARLY MATURITY 8 (EAM8) gene of barley is homologous to the EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) gene in Arabidopsis, as loss-of-function mutations in this circadian clock gene promote rapid flowering. A previous study demonstrated that the early flowering p...
Four maturity genes, namely, E1, E2, E3 and E4, have been found to play major roles in controlling the flowering and maturity time of soybean. Which genotypes of E1–E4 genes provide effective adaptation to the varied conditions of Russia are un...
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a typical short-day and thermophilic crop. This study aimed to reveal the required accumulative day length (ADL) and accumulative active temperature (AAT) for DSF (days of sowing to flowering) and DFM (days of flow...
Cotton is regarded as one of the significant economic crops in China, and its earliness is defined as one of the crucial traits influencing fiber quality and yield. To study the physiological and biochemical mechanisms related to early-maturing trait...
In soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), their growth periods, DSF (days of sowing-to-flowering), and DFM (days of flowering-to-maturity) are determined by their required accumulative day-length (ADL) and active temperature (AAT). A sample of 354 soybea...
The utilization of wild soybean germplasms in breeding programs increases genetic diversity, and they contain the rare alleles of traits of interest. Understanding the genetic diversity of wild germplasms is essential for determining effective strate...
The plant-specific homeodomain zipper family (HD-ZIP) of transcription factors plays central roles in regulating plant development and environmental resistance. HD-ZIP transcription factors IV (HDZ IV) have been involved primarily in the regulation o...
Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. production trends have increased throughout the past century due to its versatile use in food, feed, and fuel industries. The selection of soybean cultivars with higher yields coupled with consumer-preferred seed qualit...
Male Idesia polycarpa, which display distinct morphological and physiological traits, exhibit greater adaptability to stressful environments than females. However, the connection between this adaptability and rhizosphere processes remains unclear. He...
23 April 2026
The first female flower node (FFFN) is a crucial trait affecting earliness and yield in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). To identify the genetic locus and candidate gene controlling FFFN, we performed phenotypic and genetic analyses using two p...
The soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important oil and food crop. Its growth and development is regulated by complex genetic networks, and there are still many genes with unknown functions in regulation pathways. In this study, GmNMHC5, a membe...
The photoperiod plays a critical role in the control of flowering timing in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with long days increasing the time to flowering. Early flowering cultivars have been developed from breeding programs for environments with l...
Flowers of Aloe vera are a byproduct providing a valuable source of bioactive compounds with different functions for health benefits. The characterization in amino acids, organic acids, sugars, trigonelline, volatiles compounds, fatty acids, total ph...
The balance between vegetative and reproductive growth is the central objective in the cotton production system, which is associated with cotton maturity and yield. In China, manual topping (MT) has been performed many years prior to or during the fl...
This study is the first to report on the presence of oestrogenic compounds in different clover flower nectar samples, in bee-deposited nectars collected from hive combs (unripe honey) and in mature honeys harvested from the same hives. The clover spe...
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is an important tropical and subtropical fruit, and most of its cultivars bloom once a year (once-flowering, OF). Dimocarpus longan cv. ‘Sijimi’ (SJ) is a tropical ecotype variety that blooms several times...
We developed semidwarf and late-maturing isogenics of Koshihikari to stabilize high yield and avoid high temperature maturation. Whole-genome analysis (WGS) was conducted to examine the transitional changes in the entire genome, the size of DNA fragm...
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) can offer an alternative for staple food considering its tolerance to abiotic stresses and high seed quality. However, its cultivation in temperate regions has not been successful due to its photoperiod sensitivity...
Common bean is one of the most important legumes produced and consumed worldwide because it is a highly valuable food for the human diet. However, its production is mainly carried out by small farmers, who obtain average grain yields below the potent...
The Narcissus poeticus (L.) species stands out from other narcissus due to its unique ornamental and sensory values. In our experiment, the flowers of N. poeticus were harvested at five different stages. After cutting, the plants were placed directly...
Grading the quality of fresh cut flowers is an important practice in the flower industry. Based on the flower maturing status, a classification method based on deep learning and depth information was proposed for the grading of flower quality. Firstl...
To investigate the influence of supplemental lighting intensity on the production (i.e., rate of flower development, flower quality, and yield) of cut gerbera during Canada’s supplemental lighting season (November to March), trials were carried...
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure worsens chronic respiratory diseases through oxidative stress and inflammation. Perilla frutescens (L.) has potential respiratory protective properties, but the impact of growth stages on its beneficial metabo...
Flowering is the first committed step of plant sexual reproduction. While the developing flower is a strong sink requiring large quantity of sugars from photosynthetic source tissues, this process is under-temper-spatially controlled via hormone sign...
Flower color variations have increasingly been recognized as playing an important role in the adaptation to UV-B radiation; however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood in perennial fruit trees. Litchi is an important fruit tree, and extrem...
Amaryllis belladonna is an autumn-flowering bulbous geophyte endemic to the Western Cape, South Africa. The species’ erratic flowering disposition and brief flowering period upon maturity limit its economic productivity and competitiveness with...
Reproductive growth is one of the most important stages in the life history of plants and is regulated by photoperiod. However, the effect of different photoperiods after flowering on the reproductive growth stages of different plants and their roles...
A forward estimate of mango (Mangifera indica L.) harvest timing is required for farm management (e.g., for organization of harvest labour and marketing). This forward estimate can be based on accumulated growing degree days (GDD) from an early stage...
Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) is an important medicinal plant, of which all parts have pharmaceutical and nutritional applications and which is distributed throughout the southwest regions of Iran. The aerial parts of myrtle were collected at different...
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oil crops in the world. The planting area and output of rapeseed are affected by the flowering time, which is a critical agronomic feature. COL9 controls growth and development in many differe...
Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) breeding programs aim to develop later maturing cultivars for extending early spring grazing in Western Canada. Plant maturity is a complex genetic trait, and little is known about genes associated with lat...
Early maturity is an important agronomic trait in most crops, because it can solve the problem of planting in stubble for multiple cropping as well as make full use of light and temperature resources in alpine regions, thereby avoiding damage from lo...
Periglandula is a fungal genus that is associated with plants in the family Convolvulaceae. They produce medicinally important constituents called ergot alkaloids, which are stored in their host plants. Previously, the fungi were reported to mainly i...
Background: The composition and abundance of biostimulants are important factors in the formation of the flavour and nutritional value of flower buds, as well as key factors influencing their growth and development. Methods: Therefore, the variation...
Selective abortion, also called selective maturation, is a phenomenon wherein maternal plants selectively mature ovules that have the potential to grow into higher-quality fruits, such as those that contain more seeds. We hypothesized that the effect...
Early flowering refers to the phenomenon in which the first flower appears in fewer days than normal, regardless of the sex of the flower. It is a significant feature impacting the early maturity and economic yield of cucumbers. The early flowering t...
The rich genetic diversity existing within exotic, indigenous, and diverse germplasm lays the foundation for the continuous improvement of crop cultivars. The composite collection has been suggested as a gateway to identifying superior germplasm for...
Plants in the family Lemnaceae are aquatic monocots and the smallest, simplest, and fastest growing angiosperms. Their small size, the smallest family member is 0.5 mm and the largest is 2.0 cm, as well as their diverse morphologies make these plants...
Fruit maturity for seed production can occur at various times because of the continual flowering of pepper plants. Accordingly, seeds with different maturity are acquired as the fruits are collected in a single harvest. Immature seeds obtained in thi...
Avocado fruits are considered unusual because of the large amounts of oil and seven-carbon (7-C) carbohydrates (mannoheptulose and perseitol) in the fruit’s flesh and skin. The fruit may be held on the tree unripe until required for marketing,...
The soybean yield per unit area in Xinjiang has reached a high level, with the crop maturing quickly because of the higher temperatures and levels of mechanization. However, environmental factors cause flowers and pods to shed easily, limiting yield...
Fruits are unique to flowering plants and confer a selective advantage to these species by facilitating seed maturation and dispersal [...]
Mechanical forces acting within the plant body that can mold flower shape throughout development received little attention. The palette of action of these forces ranges from mechanical pressures on organ primordia at the microscopic level up to the t...
Thrips constitute one of the main nectarine pests, with damage either in flowering or before harvesting (silvering). Several species are associated with damage to flowers, but Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the mai...
The physical-geographical features of the mountainous area of Montenegro cause difficulties in farmers’ life and work. The organization of the agricultural production faces a number of problems that limit the overall development of rural areas. Some...
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