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234 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,577 Views
18 Pages

23 August 2024

The management of invasive plants is a challenge when using traditional control methods, which are ineffective for large areas, leading to the abandonment of invaded areas and the subsequent worsening of the situation. Finding potential uses for wast...

  • Review
  • Open Access
47 Citations
8,390 Views
30 Pages

25 December 2022

Secondary nutrient (e.g., calcium, magnesium, sulfur) deficiencies in crop plants disturb the nitrogen balance in the plants, thus reducing the overall yield. This hypothesis was analyzed based on the physiological functions of these nutrients, in re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,119 Views
13 Pages

15 June 2023

Biochar is frequently utilized as a helpful amendment to sustain agricultural productivity. However, it remains uncertain whether biochar can effectively replace chemical fertilizers, especially in karst regions. To investigate the effects of co-appl...

  • Review
  • Open Access
151 Citations
43,578 Views
29 Pages

Is Melatonin the Cornucopia of the 21st Century?

  • Nadia Ferlazzo,
  • Giulia Andolina,
  • Attilio Cannata,
  • Maria Giovanna Costanzo,
  • Valentina Rizzo,
  • Monica Currò,
  • Riccardo Ientile and
  • Daniela Caccamo

5 November 2020

Melatonin, an indoleamine hormone produced and secreted at night by pinealocytes and extra-pineal cells, plays an important role in timing circadian rhythms (24-h internal clock) and regulating the sleep/wake cycle in humans. However, in recent years...

  • Article
  • Open Access
851 Views
16 Pages

14 May 2025

Aiming at the remediation of soil in mining areas caused by mining activities, pot experiments were conducted using water jet-loom sludge (WJLS) and biochar as soil amendments to evaluate their potential for enhancing soil fertility and microbial com...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,559 Views
13 Pages

13 June 2023

In recent years, vermicompost (V) has been widely used as an amendment for improving crop productivity and soil quality. However, the ameliorative effect of vermicompost on the continuous cropping pepper remains unclear, particularly in the karst are...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
6,191 Views
11 Pages

15 August 2022

Soil salinization and alkalization is a global problem restricting agricultural production. This study compared different fertilizer regimes (addition rate and application depth) on maize growth and soil quality in saline-alkali soil. Cow manure comp...

  • Review
  • Open Access
12 Citations
7,281 Views
26 Pages

Coastal Acid-Sulfate Soils of Kalimantan, Indonesia, for Food Security: Characteristics, Management, and Future Directions

  • Yiyi Sulaeman,
  • Eni Maftuáh,
  • Muhammad Noor,
  • Anna Hairani,
  • Siti Nurzakiah,
  • Mukhlis Mukhlis,
  • Khairil Anwar,
  • Arifin Fahmi,
  • Muhammad Saleh and
  • Rina Dirgahayu Ningsih
  • + 4 authors

Coastal acid-sulfate soils are crucial for producing crops and thus, for food security. However, over time, these soil resources experience degradation, leading to higher agro-input, lower yields, and environmental hazards that finally threaten food...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,986 Views
12 Pages

Ameliorating Effects of Biochar, Sheep Manure and Chicken Manure on Acidified Purple Soil

  • Jingjing Chen,
  • Junfeng Yu,
  • Zhongyi Li,
  • Jia Zhou and
  • Linqing Zhan

17 April 2023

The proportion of acidic purple soils has increased. Consequently, an effective method for amelioration of acidic purple soils is urgently needed. A 40 day incubation experiment using apple tree biochar, fermented sheep manure and chicken manure was...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
640 Views
22 Pages

30 November 2025

Soil salinization poses a significant threat to agricultural sustainability. This study investigated the effects of different microbial fertilizers on the rhizosphere fungal community and physicochemical properties of saline–alkali soil cultiva...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
4,771 Views
21 Pages

Productive and Physiological Response of Organic Potato Grown under Highly Calcareous Soils to Fertilization and Mycorrhization Management

  • Sara Lombardo,
  • Cristina Abbate,
  • Gaetano Pandino,
  • Bruno Parisi,
  • Aurelio Scavo and
  • Giovanni Mauromicale

14 August 2020

The enhancement of the actual low yields is the most important challenge regarding organic farming management. In this view, a valid tool may arise by the improvement of fertilization management and efficiency. In this regard, arbuscular mycorrhizal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
6,799 Views
15 Pages

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Improving Soil from Newly Reclaimed Land to Crop Soil

  • Xuqing Li,
  • Yao Su,
  • Temoor Ahmed,
  • Haiying Ren,
  • Muhammad Rizwan Javed,
  • Yanlai Yao,
  • Qianli An,
  • Jianli Yan and
  • Bin Li

The rapid development of cities in the recent 10 years caused a reduction in the cultivated land area, which only accounts for 14% of the total land area in China. Land development and reclamation have been regarded as an effective way to compensate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,918 Views
23 Pages

Effects of Fertilizer Application Intensity on Carbon Accumulation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Moso Bamboo Forest–Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua Agroforestry Systems

  • Huiying Chen,
  • Xuekun Cheng,
  • Xingfa Zhang,
  • Haitao Shi,
  • Jiahua Chen,
  • Ruizhi Xu,
  • Yangen Chen,
  • Jianping Ying,
  • Yixin Wu and
  • Yongjun Shi
  • + 1 author

15 July 2024

Agroforestry management has immense potential in enhancing forest carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change. Yet the impact and response mechanism of compound fertilization rates on carbon sinks in agroforestry systems remain ambiguous. This...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
1,917 Views
11 Pages

2 July 2024

This study aimed to elucidate the response of soil microbial communities to saline soil amelioration via biological organic fertilizer. A year-long experiment was conducted on coastal saline soil, employing water and fertilizer strategies. Three trea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,756 Views
15 Pages

Fecal Sludge Derived Products as Fertilizer for Lettuce Cultivation in Urban Agriculture

  • Surendra K Pradhan,
  • Olufunke Cofie,
  • Josiane Nikiema and
  • Helvi Heinonen-Tanski

11 December 2019

Fecal sludge (FS) contains a significant amount of plant nutrients. FS (treated/untreated) has been used as soil ameliorant in several countries. Use of FS-based compost on lettuce may meet reservations due to possible microbiological contamination....

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,858 Views
15 Pages

Soil Bacteriome Resilience and Reduced Nitrogen Toxicity in Tomato by Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Compared to Urea

  • Carley R. Rohrbaugh,
  • Mary M. Dixon,
  • Jorge A. Delgado,
  • Daniel K. Manter and
  • Jorge M. Vivanco

20 November 2023

Controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) mitigate negative effects of high nitrogen (N) fertilization rates, such as N toxicity and soil N loss. However, it is unknown if potentially toxic rates of CRF and quick release fertilizer differentially affect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,721 Views
14 Pages

Biochar Blended with Nitrogen Fertilizer Promotes Maize Yield by Altering Soil Enzyme Activities and Organic Carbon Content in Black Soil

  • Jing Sun,
  • Xinrui Lu,
  • Shuang Wang,
  • Chunjie Tian,
  • Guoshuang Chen,
  • Nana Luo,
  • Qilin Zhang and
  • Xiujun Li

Biochar and nitrogen fertilizers are known to increase soil carbon storage and reduce soil nitrogen loss as amendments, suggesting a promising strategy for highly effectively increasing soil productivity. However, few studies have explored the mechan...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,182 Views
10 Pages

11 November 2022

Rice is an important food crop, and its production is significantly affected by salt stress under the changing climate. Soil-inhabiting microbial inoculants as well as efficient nitrogen (N) nutrition may have ameliorative effects on rice growth and...

  • Review
  • Open Access
64 Citations
17,767 Views
17 Pages

Effects of Vitamin D on Fertility, Pregnancy and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome—A Review

  • Szabolcs Várbíró,
  • István Takács,
  • László Tűű,
  • Katalin Nas,
  • Réka Eszter Sziva,
  • Judit Réka Hetthéssy and
  • Marianna Török

15 April 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine reproductive disorders in women. Vitamin D deficiency is also quite common in this condition. The degree of vitamin D deficiency correlates with the severity of PCOS. Both male and...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
164 Citations
33,504 Views
16 Pages

18 March 2024

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of soil ecosystems. This study aims to explore the effects of microbial fertilizers on improving soil physicochemical properties and promoting plant growth. The results...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
8,136 Views
15 Pages

Applying Limestone or Basalt in Combination with Bio-Fertilizer to Sustain Rice Production on an Acid Sulfate Soil in Malaysia

  • Qurban Ali Panhwar,
  • Umme Aminun Naher,
  • Jusop Shamshuddin,
  • Radziah Othman and
  • Mohd Razi Ismail

A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of applying ground magnesium limestone (GML) or ground basalt in combination with bio-fertilizer to sustain rice production on an acid sulfate soil in Malaysia. Soils from Kelantan Plains, Malaysia, wer...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,786 Views
24 Pages

Fish Waste—A Novel Bio-Fertilizer for Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under Salinity-Induced Stress

  • Zahra Mahdavi,
  • Behrouz Esmailpour,
  • Rasul Azarmi,
  • Sima Panahirad,
  • Georgia Ntatsi,
  • Gholamreza Gohari and
  • Vasileios Fotopoulos

11 July 2024

Currently, different strategies, including the application of bio-fertilizers, are used to ameliorate the adverse effects posed by salinity stress as the major global problem in plants. Fish waste is suggested as a novel bio-fertilizer to mitigate th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
75 Citations
12,610 Views
11 Pages

Impact of Melatonin Supplementation in Women with Unexplained Infertility Undergoing Fertility Treatment

  • Javier Espino,
  • María Macedo,
  • Graciela Lozano,
  • Águeda Ortiz,
  • Carmina Rodríguez,
  • Ana B. Rodríguez and
  • Ignacio Bejarano

23 August 2019

Unexplained infertility occurs when common causes for a couple’s inability to conceive have been excluded. Although origins of idiopathic infertility are still unclear, factors, such as an altered oxidative balance, are believed to be involved....

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,666 Views
14 Pages

The Study of Chicken Manure and Steel Slag Amelioration to Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emission in Rice Cultivation

  • Muhammad Iqbal Fauzan,
  • Syaiful Anwar,
  • Budi Nugroho,
  • Hideto Ueno and
  • Yo Toma

Organic matter, fertilizers, and soil amendments are essential for sustainable agricultural practices to guarantee soil productivity. However, these materials can increase the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CH4 and N2O. Thus, technologie...

  • Review
  • Open Access
59 Citations
18,932 Views
39 Pages

Dietary Antioxidants in the Treatment of Male Infertility: Counteracting Oxidative Stress

  • Elizabeth Torres-Arce,
  • Barbara Vizmanos,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • Fabiola Márquez-Sandoval and
  • Albert Salas-Huetos

20 March 2021

Infertility affects about 15% of the population and male factors only are responsible for ~25–30% of cases of infertility. Currently, the etiology of suboptimal semen quality is poorly understood, and many environmental and genetic factors, including...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,403 Views
13 Pages

Influence of an Organic Fertilizer on Agronomic Characteristics and Herbaceous Plant Diversity in a Greek Ecosystem: The Case of Cretan Dittany (Origanum dictamnus L.)

  • Aikaterini Molla,
  • Alexandra D. Solomou,
  • Anastasia Fountouli,
  • Evaggelia Chatzikirou,
  • Emmanouil Stamatakis,
  • Petros Stamatakis and
  • Elpiniki Skoufogianni

11 May 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing tendency towards using organic fertilizers instead of chemical ones. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the organic fertilizer, Prima Humica, on agronomic characteristics and herbaceous plant diver...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,241 Views
18 Pages

Okra Growth, Yield and Rhizosphere Microbiome Responses to the Encapsulated Bioinoculant Application under Reduced Fertilization Regime

  • Muhamad Aidilfitri Mohamad Roslan,
  • Zulfazli M. Sobri,
  • Ali Tan Kee Zuan and
  • Nor Aini Abdul Rahman

25 July 2022

There is limited evidence that Enterobacter hormaechei can improve plant physiology and yield through soil phosphate (P) and potassium (K) amelioration. This study unraveled the effect of different soil inoculation methods i.e., free-cell and encapsu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,470 Views
16 Pages

Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Supplement Improves Sperm Quality and Spermatogenesis in a Mice Model of Ulcerative Colitis

  • Yuhang Xiao,
  • Baojun Xu,
  • Matteo Bordiga,
  • Haiwei Li,
  • Fabiano Travaglia,
  • Shun Bai,
  • Jiali Chen and
  • Weibin Bai

25 February 2022

Impaired fertility and low sperm quality are the global health problem with high attention. It has been noted that inflammation may impact fertility by affecting testicular spermatogenesis. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside is a natural functional pigment with...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,020 Views
11 Pages

Protective Effect and Mechanism of Melatonin on Cisplatin-Induced Ovarian Damage in Mice

  • Fen Xing,
  • Mengyao Wang,
  • Zhiming Ding,
  • Junhui Zhang,
  • Simin Ding,
  • Lingge Shi,
  • Qinge Xie,
  • Muhammad Jamil Ahmad,
  • Zhaolian Wei and
  • Yajing Liu
  • + 3 authors

12 December 2022

Chemotherapeutics’ development has enhanced the survival rate of cancer patients; however, adverse effects of chemotherapeutics on ovarian functions cause fertility loss in female cancer patients. Cisplatin (CP), an important chemotherapeutic d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,542 Views
16 Pages

13 July 2023

Bauxite mining, catalyzed by the escalating global demand for aluminum, leads to serious environmental repercussions, necessitating the development of efficient land rehabilitation techniques. This study presents a sustainable solution for post-bauxi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,406 Views
25 Pages

Effects of Soil Amelioration and Vegetation Introduction on the Restoration of Abandoned Coal Mine Spoils in South Korea

  • Bong-Soon Lim,
  • A-Reum Kim,
  • Jaewon Seol,
  • Woo-Seok Oh,
  • Ji-Hong An,
  • Chi-Hong Lim and
  • Chang-Seok Lee

20 March 2022

In order to ecologically restore coal mine spoils, tolerant species were selected through vegetation surveys on the abandoned coal mine spoils and natural forests established on the poor environment similarly to there. In addition, tolerant species w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,072 Views
16 Pages

Potential Use of Ascophyllum nodosum as a Biostimulant for Improving the Growth Performance of Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal

  • Nidhi Verma,
  • Krishnan D. Sehrawat,
  • Poonam Mundlia,
  • Anita R. Sehrawat,
  • Ravish Choudhary,
  • Vishnu D. Rajput,
  • Tatiana Minkina,
  • Eric D. van Hullebusch,
  • Manzer H. Siddiqui and
  • Saud Alamri

2 November 2021

The fertilizers that are derived from seaweed are known as Seaweed Liquid Fertilizers (SLF). SLF is a modern, cheap, non-toxic, and natural bioactive fertilizer. Among different studied seaweeds, Ascophyllum nodosum is significant as having bioactive...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,843 Views
19 Pages

Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Promotes the Bacterial Diversity to Drive Soil Multifunctionality

  • Tiantian Meng,
  • Jingjing Shi,
  • Xiangqian Zhang,
  • Guolong Ge,
  • Yuchen Cheng,
  • Meiren Rong,
  • Liyu Chen,
  • Xiaoyu Zhao,
  • Xiaoxiang Wang and
  • Zhanyuan Lu

17 November 2024

The application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer not only economizes labor input, but also decreases the frequency of use of mechanical intakes, with significant implications in advancing modern intensive agricultural production. Whether slow-rele...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,442 Views
13 Pages

Nitrogen Mitigates Salt Stress and Promotes Wheat Growth in the Yellow River Delta, China

  • Yunpeng Sun,
  • Xiaobing Chen,
  • Jingjing Shan,
  • Jingtian Xian,
  • Dan Cao,
  • Yongming Luo,
  • Rongjiang Yao and
  • Xin Zhang

23 November 2022

Salt-affected soils is an important soil resource. Understanding fertilizer and salinity interaction are of great economic importance for improving crop yield and fertilizer use efficiency. A pot experiment was carried out to study the application of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,328 Views
14 Pages

4 September 2022

Biochar as an amendment has been widely applied to enhance crop productivity and improve soil quality. However, the effect of biochar-based fertilizer (BF) on the production capacity and economic benefits of open-field eggplant in the karst region re...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,827 Views
16 Pages

16 March 2023

This study investigated the effects of crop rotations and different ratios of dairy manure fertilizer on nitrogen loss and rice yield in the Erhai Lake basin. Two kinds of herbages were set in the rotation: Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv.‘Tetr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
10,158 Views
15 Pages

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Sweet Potato Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Properties in Newly Reclaimed Land

  • Xuqing Li,
  • Dingyi Li,
  • Qiujun Lu,
  • Daoze Wang,
  • Xiaoxu Ren,
  • Luqiong Lv,
  • Temoor Ahmed,
  • Jianli Yan and
  • Bin Li

10 July 2022

It is well known that soil fertility is poor in most newly reclaimed land, which has been developed as an effective way to compensate farmland occupation. In order to ameliorate the soil quality of the newly reclaimed land, this study investigated th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,233 Views
18 Pages

Interactive Effects of Organic Fertilizers and Drought Stress on Growth and Nutrient Content of Brassica juncea at Vegetative Stage

  • Addisie Geremew,
  • Laura Carson,
  • Selamawit Woldesenbet,
  • Charles Carpenter,
  • Elisha Peace and
  • Aruna Weerasooriya

17 December 2021

With the ongoing climate change scenario and alarmingly increased land degradation, understanding complex interactions of drought stress and organic fertilizers on morpho-physiological traits and dynamics of nutrient concentration is pivotal for sust...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
7,303 Views
24 Pages

21 November 2018

Proper nourishment is fundamental for satisfactory crop growth and production. However, for efficient crop production, it is important to understand the soil environment, to recognize the limitations of that environment, and to ameliorate them where...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
14,808 Views
17 Pages

Comparing Soil vs. Foliar Nitrogen Supply of the Whole Fertilizer Dose in Common Wheat

  • Manuel Ferrari,
  • Cristian Dal Cortivo,
  • Anna Panozzo,
  • Giuseppe Barion,
  • Giovanna Visioli,
  • Gianluigi Giannelli and
  • Teofilo Vamerali

26 October 2021

Late-season N application through foliar spraying is recognized as an efficient agronomic practice for improving grain quality in common wheat, although the major part of N is still supplied by soil fertilization. This study assessed the impact of va...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,879 Views
15 Pages

Swine Manure Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Acidic Red Soil Due to Mineral N Immobilization and Alleviated Acidification

  • Lu Zhang,
  • Tusheng Ren,
  • Jiwen Li,
  • Kiya Adare,
  • Nano Alemu Daba,
  • Md Ashraful Alam,
  • Shilin Wen and
  • Huimin Zhang

23 August 2023

Swine manure is widely used for ameliorating red soil acidification, but little information is available about its effect on N2O emissions. To explore the effects, a 35-day incubation experiment was conducted with two soils under different fertilizat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,063 Views
33 Pages

17 September 2025

Saline–alkali soils in southern Xinjiang present significant challenges for sustainable jujube cultivation, necessitating innovative fertilization strategies to improve soil health and enhance fruit quality. This study investigated the synergis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
45 Citations
6,410 Views
18 Pages

Biostimulant Activity of Azotobacter chroococcum and Trichoderma harzianum in Durum Wheat under Water and Nitrogen Deficiency

  • Silvia Silletti,
  • Emilio Di Stasio,
  • Michael James Van Oosten,
  • Valeria Ventorino,
  • Olimpia Pepe,
  • Mauro Napolitano,
  • Roberta Marra,
  • Sheridan Lois Woo,
  • Valerio Cirillo and
  • Albino Maggio

20 February 2021

Biostimulants hold great potential for developing integrated sustainable agriculture systems. The rhizobacteria Azotobacter chroococcum strain 76A and the fungus Trichoderma harzianum strain T22, with demonstrated biostimulant activity in previous sy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,027 Views
10 Pages

Andosols are characterized by high organic matter content and play a significant role in carbon storage. However, they have low phosphorus fertility because of the high phosphate-fixing capacity of active aluminum. For agricultural use of Andosols, i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
9,777 Views
14 Pages

Impact of Different Methods of Root-Zone Application of Biochar-Based Fertilizers on Young Cocoa Plants: Insights from a Pot-Trial

  • Johannes Meyer zu Drewer,
  • Mareike Köster,
  • Issaka Abdulai,
  • Reimund Paul Rötter,
  • Nikolas Hagemann and
  • Hans Peter Schmidt

Effective and efficient nutrient management is central to best-practice agriculture, facilitating sustainable intensification while reducing negative externalities. The application of biochar-based fertilizers (BBF) in tropical agronomy has the poten...

  • Review
  • Open Access
92 Citations
12,483 Views
35 Pages

Bioinoculants—Natural Biological Resources for Sustainable Plant Production

  • Sagar Maitra,
  • Marian Brestic,
  • Preetha Bhadra,
  • Tanmoy Shankar,
  • Subhashisa Praharaj,
  • Jnana Bharati Palai,
  • M. Mostafizur Rahman Shah,
  • Viliam Barek,
  • Peter Ondrisik and
  • Akbar Hossain
  • + 1 author

Agricultural sustainability is of foremost importance for maintaining high food production. Irresponsible resource use not only negatively affects agroecology, but also reduces the economic profitability of the production system. Among different reso...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
3,884 Views
11 Pages

17 December 2021

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is the only option for preserving fertility in adult and prepubertal cancer patients who require immediate chemotherapy or do not want ovarian stimulation. However, whether ovarian tissue cryopreservation can ameliorat...

  • Review
  • Open Access
26 Citations
7,435 Views
26 Pages

The Role of Melatonin to Ameliorate Oxidative Stress in Sperm Cells

  • Achilleas Makris,
  • Alexandra I. Alevra,
  • Athanasios Exadactylos and
  • Serafeim Papadopoulos

11 October 2023

It is widely accepted that oxidative stress (OS) coming from a wide variety of causes has detrimental effects on male fertility. Antioxidants could have a significant role in the treatment of male infertility, and the current systematic review on the...

  • Review
  • Open Access
28 Citations
7,227 Views
8 Pages

20 December 2016

Individuals under chronic psychological stress can be difficult to identify clinically. There is often no outwardly visible phenotype. Chronic stress of sufficient magnitude not only impacts reproductive function, but also concomitantly elicits a con...

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