19 April 2016
The discovery of novel antiviral materials is important because many infectious diseases are caused by viruses. Silver nanoparticles have demonstrated strong antiviral activity, and graphene is a potential antimicrobial material due to its large surf...
Chitosan films were prepared by solvent casting using an acetic acid-based solution. The films that were developed contained 15.49% of acetic acid solution (10% v/v) and showed biocompatibility in vitro in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and potent an...
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system consists of peripheral membrane protein complexes ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III VPS4-VTA1, and ALIX homodimer. This system plays an important role in the degradation of non-essential or dan...
Enveloped viruses represent a significant category of pathogens that cause serious diseases in animals. These viruses express envelope glycoproteins that are singularly important during the infection of host cells by mediating fusion between the vira...
Glycosphingolipids are ubiquitous molecules composed of a lipid and a carbohydrate moiety. Their main functions are as antigen/toxin receptors, in cell adhesion/recognition processes, or initiation/modulation of signal transduction pathways. Microbes...
Viral infections in humans cause a huge burden in worldwide healthcare that has increased due to the emergence of new pathogenic viruses, such as in the recent Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreaks. Viral particles in body fluids are often at very low levels,...
The entry of enveloped viruses into their host cells involves several successive steps, each one being amenable to therapeutic intervention. Entry inhibitors act by targeting viral and/or cellular components, through either the inhibition of protein-...
Non-enveloped viruses such as members of Picornaviridae and Reoviridae are assembled in the cytoplasm and are generally released by cell lysis. However, recent evidence suggests that some non-enveloped viruses exit from infected cells without lysis,...
Alphaviruses, belonging to the Togaviridae family, and bunyaviruses, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, are globally distributed and lack FDA-approved vaccines and therapeutics. The alphaviruses Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and e...
Inhibition of the binding of enveloped viruses surface glycoproteins to host cell receptor(s) is a major target of vaccines and constitutes an efficient strategy to block viral entry and infection of various host cells and tissues. Cellular entry usu...
Replication-competent virus particles hold significant therapeutic potential in application as oncolytic viruses or cancer vaccines. Ensuring the viral integrity of these particles is crucial for their infectivity, safety, and efficacy. Enveloped vir...
Pyridobenzothiazolone derivatives are a promising class of broad-spectrum antivirals. However, the mode of action of these compounds remains poorly understood. The HeE1-17Y derivative has already been shown to be a potent compound against a variety o...
Viruses are obligate parasites that rely on host cellular factors to replicate and spread. The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) system, which is classically associated with sorting and downgrading surface proteins, is one of...
Tetherin (BST2/CD317) has been recently recognized as a potent interferon-induced antiviral molecule that inhibits the release of diverse mammalian enveloped virus particles from infected cells. By targeting an immutable structure common to all these...
Pathogenic enveloped viruses are covered with a glycan shield that provides a dual function: the glycan structures contribute to virus protection as well as host cell recognition. The three classical types of N-glycans, in particular complex glycans,...
Late assembly (L) domains are conserved sequences that are necessary for the late steps of viral replication, acting like cellular adaptors to engage the ESCRT membrane fission machinery that promote virion release. These short sequences, whose mutat...
Viruses are infectious agents that hijack the host cell machinery in order to replicate and generate progeny. Viral infection is initiated by attachment to host cell receptors, and typical viral receptors are cell-surface-borne molecules such as prot...
Diphyllin is a natural arylnaphtalide lignan extracted from tropical plants of particular importance in traditional Chinese medicine. This compound has been described as a potent inhibitor of vacuolar (H+)ATPases and hence of the endosomal acidificat...
In the last decades, the interest in seaweed has significantly increased. Bioactive compounds from seaweed’s currently receive major attention from pharmaceutical companies as they express several interesting biological activities which are ben...
The large-scale use of alcohol (OH)-based disinfectants to control pathogenic viruses is of great concern because of their side effects on humans and harmful impact on the environment. There is an urgent need to develop safe and environmentally frien...
This study proposes an artificial neural network (ANN)-based thermal control method for buildings with double skin envelopes that has rational relationships between the ANN model input and output. The relationship between the indoor air temperature a...
In recent years, infectious diseases caused by viral infections have seriously endangered human health, especially COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, which continues to spread worldwide. The development of broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitors is urgently...
The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply influenced sanitization procedures, and high-level disinfection has been massively used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread, with potential negative impact on the environment and on the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AM...
Increasing the efficiency of transmitters, as the largest consumers of energy, is relevant for any wireless communication devices. For higher efficiency, a number of methods are used, including envelope tracking and envelope elimination and restorati...
Viral vectors and viral vaccines are invaluable tools in prevention and treatment of diseases. Many infectious diseases are controlled using vaccines designed from subunits or whole viral structures, whereas other genetic diseases and cancers are bei...
Liquid formulations have been successfully used in many viral vector vaccines including influenza (Flu), hepatitis B, polio (IPV), Ebola, and COVID-19 vaccines. The main advantage of liquid formulations over lyophilized formulations is that they are...
Fomites are common vehicles for viral transmission. Most studies on virus disinfection have focused on non-porous, hard surfaces, with few investigating porous materials. This review addresses two research questions: (1) What affects viral viability...
The paper examines the phenomenon of urban envelopes, a conceptual parallel to building envelopes, which is considered an emerging theme in studies of the built environment. The term ‘envelope’ refers to various physical and non-physical...
Elaboration of non-viral vehicles for delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids, in particular siRNA, into a cell is an actively growing field. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) occupy a noticeable place in these studies, and various nanoconstructions containin...
In recent decades, the issue of building energy usage has become increasingly significant, and U-values for building envelopes have been key parameters in predicting building energy consumption. This study comprehensively reviews the U-values (therma...
The global COVID-19 pandemic has warned scientists of the requirement to look for new antimicrobial compounds to prevent infection by this type of viral pathogen. Natural compounds are becoming a promising avenue of research thanks to their renewable...
The effectiveness of copper-based composites, specifically cupric ion (Cu2+)-modified phyllosilicate minerals, was evaluated in reducing the concentration of infectious agents in the environment while minimizing metal ion release. The phyllosilicate...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-enclosed structures that have gained much attention from researchers across varying scientific fields in the past few decades. Cells secrete diverse types of EVs into the extracellular milieu which incl...
Flaviviruses are enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that widely infect many animal species. The envelope protein, a structural protein of flavivirus, plays an important role in host cell viral infections. It is composed of three separate structur...
Exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles (EVs) predominantly present in bodily fluids, participate in various physiological processes. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation mechanism, eliminates proteins and damaged organelles by forming double-m...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection constitutes a major health and social issue worldwide. HIV infects cells by fusing its envelope with the target cell plasma membrane. This process is mediated by the viral Env glycoprotein and depends on t...
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a structurally complex enveloped dsDNA virus that has evolved to replicate in human neurons and epithelia. Viral gene expression, DNA replication, capsid assembly, and genome packaging take place in the infected...
In the last decades, the study of many nuclear envelope components in Dictyostelium amoebae has revealed conserved mechanisms of nuclear envelope dynamics that root back unexpectedly deep into the eukaryotic tree of life. In this review, we describe...
The public sector should reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions from the building stock, thereby serving as a role model for the private sector. In Korea, public buildings are leading the green remodeling business initiative as part of a carb...
Discriminating a real underwater target echo from a synthetic echo is a key challenge to identifying an underwater target. The structure of an echo envelope contains information which closely relates to the physical parameters of the underwater targe...
In order to establish a suitable restoring force correction model for enveloped steel jacket (ESJ)-confined seismic-damaged rectangular recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular (RRACFST) columns, based on experimental research, a study of the...
The formation of the nuclear envelope and the subsequent compartmentalization of the genome is a defining feature of eukaryotes. Traditionally, the nuclear envelope was purely viewed as a physical barrier to preserve genetic material in eukaryotic ce...
The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is demanding the rapid action of the authorities and scientific community in order to find new antimicrobial solutions that could inactivate the pathogen SARS-CoV-2 that causes this disease. Gram-positive b...
The viral envelope is essential for virus maturation. Virus-mediated syncytium formations are induced by viral envelope proteins that cause membrane fusion of the infected cells. Polydnaviridae (Polydnavirus) are enveloped viruses with multiple nucle...
Hepatoviruses are unusual picornaviruses, distinct genetically and structurally from other members of the Picornaviridae, exclusively hepatotropic, and released from infected cells without lysis in small membranous vesicles resembling exosomes. These...
Energy consumption during use is the focus of insulation envelope design, but the environmental impact of other stages in the entire life cycle of building envelopes should be of equal concern. In this paper, a model has been developed based on the l...
The major challenges for the integration of solar collecting devices into a building envelope are related to the poor aesthetic view of the appearance of buildings in addition to the low efficiency in collection, transportation, and utilization of th...
Several notable human diseases are caused by enveloped RNA viruses: Influenza, AIDS, hepatitis C, dengue hemorrhagic fever, microcephaly, and Guillain–Barré Syndrome. Being enveloped, the life cycle of this group of viruses is critically...
In the present paper, we introduce S-evolution algebras and investigate their solvability, simplicity, and semisimplicity. The structure of enveloping algebras has been carried out through the attached graph of S-evolution algebras. Moreover, we intr...
Virus-based biopharmaceutical products are used in clinical applications such as vaccines, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. However, their manufacturing remains a challenge, hampered by the lack of appropriate analytical tools for purification monito...
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