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1,112 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,644 Views
23 Pages

29 April 2023

The demand for energy storage systems is rising together with the proportion of renewable energy sources (RES) in power systems. The highest capacity among the various energy storage systems in power systems is provided by pumped-storage hydropower (...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,629 Views
19 Pages

4 October 2018

A field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based digital solver for real-time electromechanical transient simulation is designed in this paper. The solving process for a device or sub-network in an electromechanical transient simulation is packaged into...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,682 Views
20 Pages

Design and Implementation of a Hierarchical Digital Twin for Power Systems Using Real-Time Simulation

  • Stephan Ruhe,
  • Kevin Schaefer,
  • Stefan Branz,
  • Steffen Nicolai,
  • Peter Bretschneider and
  • Dirk Westermann

This paper presents a hierarchical Digital Twin architecture and implementation that uses real-time simulation to emulate the physical grid and support grid planning and operation. With the demand for detailed grid information for automated grid oper...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
1,971 Views
15 Pages

Strategies for Real-Time Simulation of Central Solenoid ITER Power Supply Digital Twin

  • Manuela Minetti,
  • Andrea Bonfiglio,
  • Ivone Benfatto and
  • Ye Yulong

2 July 2023

The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is a cutting-edge project that aims to develop a sustainable energy source by harnessing the power of nuclear fusion. One of the key challenges in the development of the ITER is the complex...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,265 Views
17 Pages

Applications of Digital-Physical Hybrid Real-Time Simulation Platform in Power Systems

  • Feng Leng,
  • Chengxiong Mao,
  • Dan Wang,
  • Ranran An,
  • Yuan Zhang,
  • Yanjun Zhao,
  • Linglong Cai and
  • Jie Tian

9 October 2018

Digital-physical hybrid real-time simulation (hybrid simulation) platform integrates the advantages of both digital simulation and physical simulation by combining the physical simulation laboratory and the real-time digital simulator. Based on a 400...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,751 Views
22 Pages

A New FPGA-Based Real-Time Digital Solver for Power System Simulation

  • Bingda Zhang,
  • Xianglong Jin,
  • Sijia Tu,
  • Zhao Jin and
  • Jie Zhang

8 December 2019

Considering the rational use of field programmable gate array (FPGA) resources, this paper proposes a new FPGA-based real-time digital solver (FRTDS) for power system simulation. Based on the relationship between the number of computing components, t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,517 Views
22 Pages

Digital Real-Time Simulation and Power Quality Analysis of a Hydrogen-Generating Nuclear-Renewable Integrated Energy System

  • Sushanta Gautam,
  • Austin Szczublewski,
  • Aidan Fox,
  • Sadab Mahmud,
  • Ahmad Javaid,
  • Temitayo O. Olowu,
  • Tyler Westover and
  • Raghav Khanna

15 February 2025

This paper investigates the challenges and solutions associated with integrating a hydrogen-generating nuclear-renewable integrated energy system (NR-IES) under a transactive energy framework. The proposed system directs excess nuclear power to hydro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,181 Views
30 Pages

17 January 2023

With the increasing size and complexity of power systems, it is crucial to have an effective protection system in place to ensure its reliability. One of the important components of the protection system are relays. It is important for a relay to ope...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,975 Views
18 Pages

23 August 2017

The microgrid containing a large amount of high frequency power switches and nonlinear components has put forward high requirements for power system real-time simulation technology. Multivalued coefficient prestorage can reduce the calculation steps...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,863 Views
29 Pages

Real-Time Digital Twins for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis and Condition-Based Monitoring of Electrical Machines

  • Shahin Hedayati Kia,
  • Larisa Dunai,
  • José Alfonso Antonino-Daviu and
  • Hubert Razik

31 August 2025

This article presents an overview of selected research focusing on digital real-time simulation (DRTS) in the context of digital twin (DT) realization with the primary aim of enabling the intelligent fault diagnosis (FD) and condition-based monitorin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,977 Views
11 Pages

PC Implementation of a Real-Time Simulator Using ATP Foreign Models and a Sound Card

  • Renzo G. Fabián Espinoza,
  • Yuri Molina and
  • Maria Tavares

16 August 2018

This work reports the personal computer implementation of a real-time simulator based on the widely used Electromagnetic Transients Program, version Alternative Transients Program (EMTP-ATP) software for testing protection and control devices. The pr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,221 Views
21 Pages

Advancing Fault Detection in Distribution Networks with a Real-Time Approach Using Robust RVFLN

  • Cem Haydaroğlu,
  • Heybet Kılıç,
  • Bilal Gümüş and
  • Mahmut Temel Özdemir

12 February 2025

In this paper, the fault type and location of high-impedance short-circuit faults, which are difficult to detect in distribution networks, are determined in real time using the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). In this study, an IEEE 39-bar system...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,814 Views
22 Pages

Emerging transportation challenges necessitate cutting-edge technologies for real-time infrastructure and traffic monitoring. To create a dynamic digital twin for intersection monitoring, data gathering, performance assessment, and calibration of mic...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
477 Views
15 Pages

31 October 2025

This paper presents a methodology for embedding coupled electromagnetic–thermal finite element (FE) models into a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform to enable real-time prototyping of control strategies for advanced heating systems. The framew...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
9,316 Views
25 Pages

16 October 2014

Since the penetration level of wind energy is continuously increasing, the negative impact caused by the fluctuation of wind power output needs to be carefully managed. This paper proposes a novel real-time coordinated control algorithm based on a wa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,481 Views
20 Pages

23 October 2024

As the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to rise, efficient scheduling methods that minimize operational costs are critical. This paper introduces a novel EV scheduling method utilizing a heuristic graph-search algorithm for cost minimiza...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,871 Views
20 Pages

6 September 2024

This paper presents the design of a predictive controller for a boost converter and validation through real-time simulation. First, the boost converter was mathematically modeled, and then the electronic components were designed to meet the operation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,740 Views
19 Pages

1 April 2024

This article introduces a new approach for validating directional overcurrent protection schemes in ring-topology electrical distribution systems with distributed energy resources (DERs). The proposed protection scheme incorporates overcurrent and di...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,262 Views
23 Pages

21 September 2019

In the power industry, hardware in-the-loop simulation (HILS) based on a real-time digital simulator (RTDS) is important technology for modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission. It is possible in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,632 Views
26 Pages

Microsecond Enhanced Indirect Model Predictive Control for Dynamic Power Management in MMC Units

  • Ajay Shetgaonkar,
  • Aleksandra Lekić,
  • José Luis Rueda Torres and
  • Peter Palensky

5 June 2021

The multi-modular converter (MMC) technology is becoming the preferred option for the increased deployment of variable renewable energy sources (RES) into electrical power systems. MMC is known for its reliability and modularity. The fast adjustment...

  • Article
  • Open Access
84 Views
21 Pages

29 January 2026

Distributed energy systems (DES), such as photovoltaics (PV), heat pumps (HPs), and electric vehicles (EVs), are being rapidly integrated into low-voltage (LV) grids, while measurement coverage remains limited. This paper presents a concept for an LV...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,525 Views
31 Pages

Enhancing Predictive Urban Planning in European Smart Cities Through AI-Driven Digital Twin Technology: A Case Study of Greece

  • Dimitrios Kalfas,
  • Stavros Kalogiannidis,
  • Konstantinos Spinthiropoulos,
  • Fotios Chatzitheodoridis and
  • Evangelia Ziouziou

This research aims to assess the contribution of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven digital twin technology in improving the predictive planning of European smart cities, particularly in Greece. It considers the effect of specific elements including...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,415 Views
16 Pages

A Real-Time Digital Solver for Smart Substation Based on Orders

  • Bingda Zhang,
  • Yanjie Wu,
  • Zhao Jin and
  • Yang Wang

7 November 2017

In order to expand the simulation scale of smart substation, a simulation model of the inlet-outlet line unit, as described by the 0/108 S conductance for multivalued coefficients pre-storage is presented in this paper. As a part of orders decomposit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,186 Views
23 Pages

22 July 2023

This paper presents a novel overcurrent protection scheme based on digital twins for a distribution network with distributed energy resources. A coordination protection standard is employed to perform settings and coordinate intelligent electronic de...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,183 Views
25 Pages

On the Importance of Characterizing Virtual PMUs for Hardware-in-the-Loop and Digital Twin Applications

  • Alessandro Mingotti,
  • Federica Costa,
  • Diego Cavaliere,
  • Lorenzo Peretto and
  • Roberto Tinarelli

13 September 2021

In recent years, the introduction of real-time simulators (RTS) has changed the way of researching the power network. In particular, researchers and system operators (SOs) are now capable of simulating the complete network and of making it interact w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,127 Views
15 Pages

Verification of Prediction Method Based on Machine Learning under Wake Effect Using Real-Time Digital Simulator

  • Rae-Jin Park,
  • Jeong-Hwan Kim,
  • Byungchan Yoo,
  • Minhan Yoon and
  • Seungmin Jung

14 December 2022

With the increase in the penetration rate of renewable energy sources, a machine-learning-based forecasting system has been introduced to the grid sector to improve the participation rate in the electricity market and reduce energy losses. In these s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
795 Views
27 Pages

24 July 2025

Altitude Test Facility (ATF) compressor systems are widely used in aero-engine tests. These systems achieve the control of gas pressure and transport through complex operation processes. With advancements in the aviation industry, there is a growing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,801 Views
26 Pages

The integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into DC motor drives has prompted the enhancement of motor performance. This study explores the application of photovoltaic generators (PVs) to independently power and excite a Separately Excited Direct-Cu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
357 Views
32 Pages

A Digital Twin Approach for Spacecraft On-Board Software Development and Testing

  • Andrea Colagrossi,
  • Stefano Silvestrini,
  • Andrea Brandonisio and
  • Michèle Lavagna

The increasing complexity of spacecraft On-Board Software (OBSW) necessitates advanced development and testing methodologies to ensure reliability and robustness. This paper presents a digital twin approach for the development and testing of embedded...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
2,530 Views
20 Pages

In the era of digital OTs (operating theatres), the developments in robot-assisted surgery (RAS) can greatly benefit the medical field. RAS is a method of technological advancement that uses robotic articulations to assist in complicated surgeries. I...

  • Article
  • Open Access
423 Views
25 Pages

29 November 2025

In this paper we present the development of an energy and power system modelling, simulation, and analysis (ePowerSim.jl) package in Julia programming language. ePowerSim.jl is designed to present a uniform data interface for static, quasi-static, dy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
2,848 Views
20 Pages

In the era of digital OT (Operating Theatre), the developments in Robot-Assisted Surgery (RAS) can greatly benefit the medical field. RAS is a method of technological advancement that uses surgical robots to assist complicated surgeries. Its implemen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,114 Views
21 Pages

Out-of-Step Prediction Using DQN-Based Disturbance Observer and Its RTDS Verification

  • Sun Jick Yang,
  • Nebiyeleul Daniel Amare,
  • Jun Woo Kim and
  • Young Ik Son

5 April 2022

Despite having extensive research dedicated towards designing methodologies for synchronous out-of-step detection, the risk posed by a large-scale power blackout still makes power system protection an active research area. In recent decades, multiple...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,576 Views
17 Pages

Fault Diagnosis Method for Converter Stations Based on Fault Area Identification and Evidence Information Fusion

  • Shuzheng Wang,
  • Xiaoqi Wang,
  • Xuchao Ren,
  • Ye Wang,
  • Sudi Xu,
  • Yaming Ge and
  • Jiahao He

16 November 2024

DC converter stations have a high voltage level, a long transmission distance, and complex internal equipment, and contain power electronic devices, which seriously endanger the stable operation of the system itself and the active distribution networ...

  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,824 Views
29 Pages

21 August 2025

Against the background of the unprecedented advancements related to Industry 4.0 and beyond, transitioning from classical mathematical models to fully embodied digital twins represents a critical change in the planning, monitoring, and optimization o...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,675 Views
19 Pages

Design and Implementation of a Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop Platform for Prototyping and Testing Digital Twins of Distributed Energy Resources

  • Jiaxuan Han,
  • Qiteng Hong,
  • Zhiwang Feng,
  • Mazheruddin H. Syed,
  • Graeme M. Burt and
  • Campbell D. Booth

10 September 2022

Power systems worldwide are experiencing rapid evolvements with a massive increase of renewable generation in order to meet the ambitious decarbonization targets. A significant amount of renewable generation is from Distributed Energy Resources (DERs...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,893 Views
22 Pages

17 December 2024

The paper describes low-cost hardware-based analog and digital real-time circuit simulators for the development of power electronics control circuits. During the process of designing and developing digital control circuits for power electronics syste...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,585 Views
21 Pages

The growing penetration of generation systems based on renewable energy in electric power systems is undeniable. These generation systems have many benefits, but also many challenges from the technical point of view. One of the biggest problems in th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,502 Views
13 Pages

13 November 2020

Loss of excitation (LOE) relay is one of the most essential protection elements for synchronous generators in power plants. During the last few decades, several LOE detection methods have been proposed, while limited schemes such as admittance- and i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
804 Views
19 Pages

16 July 2025

Power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) creates a safe test environment to connect simulations with real hardware under test (HuT). Therefore, an interface algorithm (IA) must be chosen. The ideal transformer method (ITM) and the partial circuit duplicatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
872 Views
27 Pages

Multi-Physics Digital Twin Models for Predicting Thermal Runaway and Safety Failures in EV Batteries

  • Vinay Kumar Ramesh Babu,
  • Arigela Satya Veerendra,
  • Srinivas Gandla and
  • Yarrigarahalli Reddy Manjunatha

12 December 2025

The rise in thermal runaway events within electric vehicle (EV) battery systems requires anticipatory models to predict critical safety failures during operation. This investigation develops a multi-physics digital twin framework that links electroch...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,210 Views
17 Pages

Efficient Hardware-in-the-Loop and Digital Control Techniques for Power Electronics Teaching

  • Jahangir Badar Soomro,
  • Faheem Akhtar Chachar,
  • Hafiz Mudassir Munir,
  • Jamshed Ahmed Ansari,
  • Amr S. Zalhaf,
  • Mohammed Alqarni and
  • Basem Alamri

16 March 2022

Power electronics is a core subject in electrical and electronics engineering at the undergraduate level. The rapid growth in the field of power electronics requires necessary changes in the curricula and practica for power electronics. The proposed...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,430 Views
12 Pages

As a variant modular converter configuration, the alternate arm converter (AAC) is well-suited for high-voltage power transmission and large-scale integration of renewables. In contrast to conventional multilevel converters, the director switches in...

  • Review
  • Open Access
79 Citations
10,440 Views
16 Pages

Overview on Digital Twin for Autonomous Electrical Vehicles Propulsion Drive System

  • Mahmoud Ibrahim,
  • Anton Rassõlkin,
  • Toomas Vaimann and
  • Ants Kallaste

6 January 2022

The significant progress in the electric automotive industry brought a higher need for new technological innovations. Digital Twin (DT) is one of the hottest trends of the fourth industrial revolution. It allows representing physical assets under var...

  • Review
  • Open Access
27 Citations
6,641 Views
23 Pages

A Review of PHIL Testing for Smart Grids—Selection Guide, Classification and Online Database Analysis

  • Eduardo García-Martínez,
  • José Francisco Sanz,
  • Jesús Muñoz-Cruzado and
  • Juan Manuel Perié

The Smart Grid is one of the most important solutions to boost electricity sharing from renewable energy sources. Its implementation adds new functionalities to power systems, which increases the electric grid complexity. To ensure grid stability and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,191 Views
17 Pages

Proving a Concept of Flexible Under-Frequency Load Shedding with Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing

  • Denis Sodin,
  • Rajne Ilievska,
  • Andrej Čampa,
  • Miha Smolnikar and
  • Urban Rudez

13 July 2020

It is widely recognized that in the transition from conventional electrical power systems (EPSs) towards smart grids, electrical voltage frequency will be greatly affected. This is why this research is extremely valuable, especially since rate-of-cha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
596 Views
31 Pages

18 November 2025

In the context of developing PINN methods for real-time digital twins in manufacturing processes, we propose a new approach that combines two complementary weighting strategies to significantly improve their convergence. The first method, called SD-P...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,175 Views
16 Pages

13 September 2022

Although resistance spot welding (RSW) was invented at the beginning of the last century, the online-monitoring and control of RSW is still a technological challenge and of economic and ecological importance. Process, material and geometry parameters...

  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,041 Views
17 Pages

Review of Electric Vehicle Testing Procedures for Digital Twin Development: A Comprehensive Analysis

  • Viktor Rjabtšikov,
  • Anton Rassõlkin,
  • Karolina Kudelina,
  • Ants Kallaste and
  • Toomas Vaimann

5 October 2023

This article explores the transformative potential of digital twin (DT) technology in the automotive sector, focusing on its applications in enhancing propulsion drive systems. DT technology, a virtual representation of physical objects, has gained m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,346 Views
29 Pages

Agent-Based Modeling for Construction Resource Positioning Using Digital Twin and BLE Technologies

  • Ahmed Mohammed Abdelalim,
  • Salah Omar Said,
  • Aljawharah A. Alnaser,
  • Ahmed Sharaf,
  • Adel ElSamadony,
  • Denise-Penelope N. Kontoni and
  • Mohamed Tantawy

In response to the critical need for enhanced resource management in the construction industry, this research develops an innovative, integrated methodology that synergistically combines Agent-Based Modeling (ABM), Building Information Modeling (BIM)...

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