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90 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
69 Citations
15,652 Views
24 Pages

Reinforcement Learning-Based End-to-End Parking for Automatic Parking System

  • Peizhi Zhang,
  • Lu Xiong,
  • Zhuoping Yu,
  • Peiyuan Fang,
  • Senwei Yan,
  • Jie Yao and
  • Yi Zhou

16 September 2019

According to the existing mainstream automatic parking system (APS), a parking path is first planned based on the parking slot detected by the sensors. Subsequently, the path tracking module guides the vehicle to track the planned parking path. Howev...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,176 Views
19 Pages

14 December 2021

This paper introduces an automatic parking method using an around view monitoring system. In this method, parking lines are extracted from the camera images, and a route to a targeted parking slot is created. The vehicle then tracks this route to par...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
8,410 Views
19 Pages

24 March 2021

The goal of automatic parking system is to accomplish the vehicle parking to the specified space automatically. It mainly includes parking space recognition, parking space matching, and trajectory generation. It has been developed enormously, but it...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
6,469 Views
16 Pages

Research on Automatic Parking System Strategy

  • Chuanwei Zhang,
  • Rui Zhou,
  • Lei Lei and
  • Xinyue Yang

The development of the automobile industry and the increase in car ownership has brought great traffic pressures to the city, among which, the difficulty of parking has become a serious problem to the majority of drivers. An automatic parking system...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,917 Views
13 Pages

Research on Path Planning and Tracking Control of Automatic Parking System

  • Bingzhan Zhang,
  • Zhiyuan Li,
  • Yaoyao Ni and
  • Yujie Li

In this paper, we focus on the parking path planning and path tracking control under parallel parking conditions with automatic parking system as the research object. In order to solve the problem of discontinuity of curvature in the path planning of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,530 Views
14 Pages

This paper presents a self-driving system for automatic parallel parking, integrating obstacle avoidance for enhanced safety. The vehicle platform employs three primary sensors—a web camera, a Zed depth camera, and LiDAR—to perceive its s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
6,785 Views
27 Pages

Automatic Parking Path Planning and Tracking Control Research for Intelligent Vehicles

  • Chenxu Li,
  • Haobin Jiang,
  • Shidian Ma,
  • Shaokang Jiang and
  • Yue Li

19 December 2020

As a key technology for intelligent vehicles, automatic parking is becoming increasingly popular in the area of research. Automatic parking technology is available for safe and quick parking operations without a driver, and improving the driving comf...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
9,065 Views
21 Pages

16 April 2018

An automatic parking system is an essential part of autonomous driving, and it starts by recognizing vacant parking spaces. This paper proposes a method that can recognize various types of parking slot markings in a variety of lighting conditions inc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
4,921 Views
14 Pages

21 November 2019

Based on the Dijkstra algorithm, with the parking parameters in the static state, the shortest route to each parking space of the parking lot without dynamic influence factors can be calculated. In the new technology background of the combination of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
11,164 Views
26 Pages

5 September 2018

This paper proposes a method that automatically calibrates four cameras of an around view monitor (AVM) system in a natural driving situation. The proposed method estimates orientation angles of four cameras composing the AVM system, and assumes that...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,110 Views
22 Pages

On Minimum Parking Space Required by Automatic Parallel Parking

  • Xuan Wang,
  • Momiao Zhou,
  • Zhengqiong Liu and
  • Zhizhong Ding

20 January 2022

Automatic parking system has been widely equipped on manual driving vehicles for decades. Due to the limited environment sensing ability and not-accurate-enough positioning system, however, it usually requires a very large redundant space for a car t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,448 Views
13 Pages

10 January 2022

This paper presents the design and development of a technique for an Autonomous and Versatile mode Parking System (AVPS) that combines a various number of parking modes. The proposed approach is different from that of many developed parking systems....

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,344 Views
21 Pages

Real-Time Parking Space Detection Based on Deep Learning and Panoramic Images

  • Wu Wei,
  • Hongyang Chen,
  • Jiayuan Gong,
  • Kai Che,
  • Wenbo Ren and
  • Bin Zhang

18 October 2025

In the domain of automatic parking systems, parking space detection and localization represent fundamental challenges that must be addressed. As a core research focus within the field of intelligent automatic parking, they constitute the essential pr...

  • Review
  • Open Access
18 Citations
7,365 Views
21 Pages

Review of Vision-Based Deep Learning Parking Slot Detection on Surround View Images

  • Guan Sheng Wong,
  • Kah Ong Michael Goh,
  • Connie Tee and
  • Aznul Qalid Md. Sabri

2 August 2023

Autonomous vehicles are gaining popularity, and the development of automatic parking systems is a fundamental requirement. Detecting the parking slots accurately is the first step towards achieving an automatic parking system. However, modern parking...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,345 Views
16 Pages

The algorithm function designed in this paper can make a car maintain stability during automatic vehicle hold through the model input of multi-level target fluid pressure combined with slope judgment modules of different levels after the automatic ve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,535 Views
15 Pages

Design and Experimental Research of a New Bistable Electronic Parking Brake System for Commercial Vehicles

  • Feng Chen,
  • Zhiquan Fu,
  • Baoxiang Qiu,
  • Gangqiang Chen,
  • Leyong Mao,
  • Qijiang He,
  • Lai Yang,
  • Xinni Mo and
  • Xiaoqing Sun

17 April 2025

To further solve the problems of commercial vehicle electronic parking brake systems under typical operating conditions, such as manual parking/release, emergency parking, ramp parking leakage, and so on, a new bistable electronic parking brake syste...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
6,158 Views
18 Pages

Detection of Parking Slots Based on Mask R-CNN

  • Shaokang Jiang,
  • Haobin Jiang,
  • Shidian Ma and
  • Zhongxu Jiang

23 June 2020

Obtaining information on parking slots is a prerequisite for the development of automatic parking systems, which is an essential part of the automatic driving processes. In this paper, we proposed a parking-slot-marking detection approach based on de...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,411 Views
20 Pages

11 June 2018

Although an automatic parking system has been installed in many vehicles recently, it is still hard for the system to confirm by itself whether a vacant parking area truly exists or not. In this paper, we introduced a robust vision-based vacancy park...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,441 Views
20 Pages

2 April 2024

During the process of reverse parking, it is difficult to achieve the ideal reference trajectory while avoiding collision. In this study, with the aim of establishing reference trajectory optimization for automatic reverse parking that smooths and sh...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,643 Views
16 Pages

Parking space recognition is an important part in the process of automatic parking, and it is also a key issue in the research field of automatic parking technology. The parking space recognition process was studied based on vision and the YOLOv5 tar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,531 Views
10 Pages

Analysis of Malfunctions in Selected Parking Systems in the Czech Republic

  • Simona Mikšíková,
  • David Ulčák and
  • František Kuda

5 February 2022

The underlying cause of the problem with parking is the imbalance between demand and supply in key areas where demand for parking is high, but parking is limited due to excessive land prices. Newly-developed automated multi-storey parking facilities...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,717 Views
16 Pages

1 December 2019

The majority of currently used automatic parking systems exploit the planning-and-tracking approach that involves planning the reference trajectory first and then tracking the desired reference trajectory. However, the response delay of longitudinal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
8,278 Views
13 Pages

20 December 2019

Automatic License Plate Recognition has been a recurrent research topic due to the increasing number of cameras available in cities, where most of them, if not all, are connected to the Internet. The video traffic generated by the cameras can be anal...

  • Project Report
  • Open Access
1,354 Views
17 Pages

The Implementation of the Mechanical System for Automatic Charging of Electric Vehicles: A Project Overview

  • Zoltan Kiraly,
  • Ervin Burkus,
  • Tibor Szakall,
  • Akos Odry,
  • Peter Odry and
  • Vladimir Tadic

With the advancement of autonomous and electric vehicles, an increasing demand has been observed for the automatic robot-controlled charging of electric vehicles. The idea of developing such charging stations was raised at several research institutio...

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,257 Views
26 Pages

Multi-Dimensional Research and Progress in Parking Space Detection Techniques

  • Xi Wang,
  • Haotian Miao,
  • Jiaxin Liang,
  • Kai Li,
  • Jianheng Tan,
  • Rui Luo and
  • Yueqiu Jiang

14 February 2025

Due to the increase in the number of vehicles and the complexity of parking spaces, parking space detection technology has emerged. It is capable of automatically identifying vacant parking spaces in parking lots or on streets, and delivering this in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,060 Views
17 Pages

21 November 2024

Due to the increasing number of vehicles and the limited land supply, old residential areas generally face parking difficulties. An intelligent parking service is a critical study direction to address parking difficulty since it can achieve the autom...

  • Article
  • Open Access
737 Views
22 Pages

22 May 2025

Automatic reverse parking (ARP) faces challenges in finding ideal reference trajectories that avoid collisions, maintain smoothness, and minimize path length. To address this, we propose an improved directional mutation moth–flame optimization...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
10,909 Views
18 Pages

Vision-Based Parking-Slot Detection: A Benchmark and A Learning-Based Approach

  • Lin Zhang,
  • Xiyuan Li,
  • Junhao Huang,
  • Ying Shen and
  • Dongqing Wang

13 March 2018

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in developing automatic parking systems in the field of intelligent vehicles. However, how to effectively and efficiently locating parking-slots using a vision-based system is still an unresolved issue....

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
8,966 Views
20 Pages

Visual Semantic Landmark-Based Robust Mapping and Localization for Autonomous Indoor Parking

  • Junqiao Zhao,
  • Yewei Huang,
  • Xudong He,
  • Shaoming Zhang,
  • Chen Ye,
  • Tiantian Feng and
  • Lu Xiong

4 January 2019

Autonomous parking in an indoor parking lot without human intervention is one of the most demanded and challenging tasks of autonomous driving systems. The key to this task is precise real-time indoor localization. However, state-of-the-art low-level...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,506 Views
20 Pages

Autonomous valet parking technology refers to a vehicle’s use of onboard sensors and line-controlled chassis to carry out a fully automatic valet parking function, which can greatly improve the driver’s experience. This study focuses on a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
8,307 Views
20 Pages

Visual Detection and Image Processing of Parking Space Based on Deep Learning

  • Chen Huang,
  • Shiyue Yang,
  • Yugong Luo,
  • Yongsheng Wang and
  • Ze Liu

3 September 2022

The automatic parking system based on vision is greatly affected by uneven lighting, which is difficult to make an accurate judgment on parking spaces in the case of complex image information. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a parking spac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
8,326 Views
14 Pages

Parking is a crucial element in urban mobility management. The availability of parking areas makes it easier to use a service, determining its success. Proper parking management allows economic operators located nearby to increase their business reve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,157 Views
19 Pages

Semantic Segmentation of Panoramic Images for Real-Time Parking Slot Detection

  • Cong Lai,
  • Qingyu Yang,
  • Yixin Guo,
  • Fujun Bai and
  • Hongbin Sun

10 August 2022

Autonomous parking is an active field of automatic driving in both industry and academia. Parking slot detection (PSD) based on a panoramic image can effectively improve the perception of a parking space and the surrounding environment, which enhance...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
7,005 Views
13 Pages

Deep Learning Based Surveillance System for Open Critical Areas

  • Francesco Turchini,
  • Lorenzo Seidenari,
  • Tiberio Uricchio and
  • Alberto Del Bimbo

How to automatically monitor wide critical open areas is a challenge to be addressed. Recent computer vision algorithms can be exploited to avoid the deployment of a large amount of expensive sensors. In this work, we propose our object tracking syst...

  • Article
  • Open Access
282 Views
25 Pages

Hierarchical Path Planning for Automatic Parking in Constrained Scenarios via Entry-Point Guidance

  • Liang Chen,
  • Lizhi Huang,
  • Chaoyi Chen,
  • Guangwei Wang,
  • Yougang Bian,
  • Mengchi Cai,
  • Qingwen Meng,
  • Qing Xu,
  • Jianqiang Wang and
  • Keqiang Li

18 January 2026

Automatic parking in constrained environments, such as dead-end roads and narrow parallel spaces, remains a challenge due to the low success rate and poor real-time performance of conventional planning algorithms. The paper proposes an entry-point gu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
78 Citations
9,630 Views
26 Pages

A Computer Vision-Based Roadside Occupation Surveillance System for Intelligent Transport in Smart Cities

  • George To Sum Ho,
  • Yung Po Tsang,
  • Chun Ho Wu,
  • Wai Hung Wong and
  • King Lun Choy

15 April 2019

In digital and green city initiatives, smart mobility is a key aspect of developing smart cities and it is important for built-up areas worldwide. Double-parking and busy roadside activities such as frequent loading and unloading of trucks, have a ne...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
6,592 Views
19 Pages

Generative Design of Outdoor Green Spaces Based on Generative Adversarial Networks

  • Ran Chen,
  • Jing Zhao,
  • Xueqi Yao,
  • Sijia Jiang,
  • Yingting He,
  • Bei Bao,
  • Xiaomin Luo,
  • Shuhan Xu and
  • Chenxi Wang

20 April 2023

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) possess a significant ability to generate novel images that adhere to specific guidelines across multiple domains. GAN-assisted generative design is a design method that can automatically generate design schemes...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
16,409 Views
20 Pages

Acoustic Sensor Planning for Gunshot Location in National Parks: A Pareto Front Approach

  • Francisco Javier González-Castaño,
  • Javier Vales Alonso,
  • Enrique Costa-Montenegro,
  • Pablo López-Matencio,
  • Francisco Vicente-Carrasco,
  • Francisco J. Parrado-García,
  • Felipe Gil-Castiñeira and
  • Sergio Costas-Rodríguez

26 November 2009

In this paper, we propose a solution for gunshot location in national parks. In Spain there are agencies such as SEPRONA that fight against poaching with considerable success. The DiANa project, which is endorsed by Cabañeros National Park and the SE...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
12,649 Views
19 Pages

Autonomous Docking Based on Infrared System for Electric Vehicle Charging in Urban Areas

  • Joshué Pérez,
  • Fawzi Nashashibi,
  • Benjamin Lefaudeux,
  • Paulo Resende and
  • Evangeline Pollard

21 February 2013

Electric vehicles are progressively introduced in urban areas, because of their ability to reduce air pollution, fuel consumption and noise nuisance. Nowadays, some big cities are launching the first electric car-sharing projects to clear traffic jam...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,506 Views
16 Pages

Leaking Gas Source Tracking for Multiple Chemical Parks within An Urban City

  • Junwei Lang,
  • Zhenjia Zeng,
  • Tengfei Ma and
  • Sailing He

17 July 2023

Sudden air pollution accidents (explosions, fires, leaks, etc.) in chemical industry parks may result in great harm to people’s lives, property, and the ecological environment. A gas tracking network can monitor hazardous gas diffusion using tr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
11,022 Views
25 Pages

17 March 2024

This study addresses the challenges associated with electric vehicle (EV) charging in office environments. These challenges include (1) reliance on manual cable connections, (2) constrained charging options, (3) safety concerns with cable management,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
18,348 Views
21 Pages

A 5G-Enabled Smart Waste Management System for University Campus

  • Edoardo Longo,
  • Fatih Alperen Sahin,
  • Alessandro E. C. Redondi,
  • Patrizia Bolzan,
  • Massimo Bianchini and
  • Stefano Maffei

10 December 2021

Future university campuses will be characterized by a series of novel services enabled by the vision of Internet of Things, such as smart parking and smart libraries. In this paper, we propose a complete solution for a smart waste management system w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,683 Views
19 Pages

9 September 2021

High parking accuracy, comfort and stability, and fast response speed are important indicators to measure the control performance of a fully automatic operation system. In this paper, aiming at the problem of low accuracy of the fully automatic opera...

  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
5,061 Views
25 Pages

In next-generation cars, safety equipment related to assisted driving systems commonly known as ADAS (advanced driver-assistance systems) are of particular interest for the major car-makers. When we talk about the “ADAS system”, we mean t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,190 Views
14 Pages

13 November 2021

The goal of this research is to develop a fuzzy logic-based vehicle door control system to avoid motorcycle–vehicle door crash accidents. Accidents of this nature usually occur when the driver has parked the car, opens the door getting out of the car...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,737 Views
14 Pages

Improved Automatic License Plate Recognition in Jordan Based on Ceiling Analysis

  • Musa Al-Yaman,
  • Haneen Alhaj Mustafa,
  • Sara Hassanain,
  • Alaa Abd AlRaheem,
  • Adham Alsharkawi and
  • Majid Al-Taee

11 November 2021

The main challenge of automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) systems is that the overall performance is highly dependent upon the results of each component in the system’s pipeline. This paper proposes an improved ALPR system for the Jordanian li...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
1,309 Views
6 Pages

1 November 2021

The noise caused by airports and its impact on human health, together with train, road traffic, leisure, and wind nose has been widely analyzed, even in the reports published in 2019 by the WHO. Noise effect has also been studied in the literature on...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,259 Views
19 Pages

In order to solve the problems of difficulty and long times to pick up cars in complex traffic scenes, this paper proposes an intelligent networked car-hailing system in complex scenes based on multi sensor fusion and Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB) technology...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,955 Views
14 Pages

An Autonomous Storage Optimization LRM Generation Strategy Based on Cascaded NURBS

  • Song Ding,
  • Kui Zhou,
  • Yanding Yang,
  • Youbing Zhang,
  • Kai Cao,
  • Huanghuang Liang and
  • Yongzhi Fu

24 June 2022

Automatic control of intelligent vehicles depends heavily on accurate lane-level location information. The traditional digital map cannot meet the automatic driving requirements, and it is very difficult for lane-level road maps (LRMs) to achieve a g...

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