127 Results Found

COVID-19 respiratory failure is a life-threatening condition. Oxygenation targets were evaluated in a non-ICU setting. In this retrospective, observational study, we enrolled all patients admitted to the University Hospital of Genoa, Italy, between 1...

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccines reduce the risk of severe disease and mortality. However, the association between vaccination status and number of doses and the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, a clinical measure of hypoxemia associated with...

Introduction: The use of steroid therapy in patients within the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection is still a matter of debate. This study aimed to evaluate if potential steroid benefits could be predicted by the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressur...

Background and Objectives: The routine daily chest X-ray (CXR) strategy is no longer recommended in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, it is difficult for intensivists to collectively accept the on-demand CXR strategy because of the ambiguo...

Hypoxemia of the acute respiratory distress syndrome can be reduced by turning patients prone. Prone positioning (PP) is labor intensive, risks unplanned tracheal extubation, and can result in facial tissue injury. We retrospectively examined prolong...

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is associated to longer stay and poor outcomes. Lacking definitive diagnostic criteria, worsening gas exchange assessed by PaO₂/F_IO₂ ≤ 240 in mmHg has been proposed as one of the diagnostic criteri...

Introduction: In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio at the time of ARDS diagnosis is weakly associated with mortality. We hypothesized that setting a PaO₂/FiO₂ threshold in 150 mm Hg at 24 h from moderate/se...

In anaesthetized horses, pronounced ventilation/perfusion mismatching often occurs. Several authors have investigated the effect of lower inspired oxygen fractions (FiO₂) to reduce formation of absorption atelectasis. This systematic review compared...

Prone positioning (PP) improves oxygenation and survival in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Data regarding feasibility and effectiveness of PP in pregnancy are lacking. This subgroup analysis of a cohort study that in...

Background: In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, the estimation of PaO₂ represents the method of choice for monitoring a patient’s oxygenation status and assessing disease severity. The aim of this study is, therefore, to investigate the correl...

This study aims to investigate the association between oxygenation saturation index (OSI) and the outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients, and assess the predictive performance of OSI for ARDS patients’ mortality. This study wa...

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), recognized as an inflammatory and life-threatening lung injury, is typified by severe hypoxaemia, lack of heart-related pulmonary edema, and bilateral lung infiltrates. Glucocorticoids are anti-...

Background: The prone position (PP) is increasingly used in mechanically ventilated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. However, studies investigating the influence of the PP are currently lacking...

Background and objectives: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most common complication occurring in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. Given the increased respiratory work of these patients, it is necessary to evaluate their actual...

(1) Background: To evaluate time-dependent right ventricular (RV) performance in patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) undergoing intensive care (ICU) treatment. (2) Methods: This prospective observational study...

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in various physiological processes. Inhaled NO (iNO) has been studied for treating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). During the COVID-19 pandemic, interest grew in its potential role for patien...

COVID-19 is an independent risk factor for pulmonary embolism (PE). Little is known about alteplase therapy in this patient group. A retrospective study analyzed 74 patients with PE and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 who w...

COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) is the most serious complication of COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks rapidly saturated intensive care unit (ICU), forcing the application of non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS) in respiratory...

Background: Intraoperative fluid management based on pulse pressure variation has shown potential to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and improve clinical outcomes in various surgical settings. However, its efficacy and safety have...

It is not known if the degrees of improvement in oxygenation obtained by CPAP can predict clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This was a retrospective study conducted on patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with CPAP in...

Background: Identifying high-risk COVID-19 patients is critical for emergency department decision-making. Our study’s primary objective was to identify new independent predictors of mortality and their predictive utility in combination with tra...

Delirium (DEL) and depression (DEP) may impair the course and severity of acute respiratory illness. The impact of such syndromes on respiratory and outcome parameters in inpatients with COVID-19 needs clarification. To clarify the relationship betwe...

Background: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, several biomarkers were shown to be helpful in determining the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-pro-B...

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has surprised the medical world with its devastating effects such as severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm, but also with the scant thera...

The diffusion of SARS-CoV-2, starting from China in December 2019, has led to a pandemic, reaching Italy in February 2020. Previous studies in Asia have shown that the median duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding was approximately 12–20 days. W...

Background: Treatment guidelines recommend the tocilizumab use in patients with a CRP of >7.5 mg/dL. We aimed to estimate the causal effect of glucocorticoids + tocilizumab on mortality overall and after stratification for PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio and CRP...

In cardiac surgery patients with pre-extubation PaO₂/inspired oxygen fraction (FiO₂) < 200 mmHg, the possible benefits and optimal level of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) support are still unclear; therefore, we compared HFNC support with an initi...

Patients undergoing one-lung ventilation (OLV) in the supine position face an increased risk of intraoperative hypoxia compared with those in the lateral decubitus position. We hypothesized that iloprost (ILO) inhalation improves arterial oxygenation...

Corticosteroids have been widely used for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but their role in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection is controversial. Our study aimed to determine the effectiveness of early corticosteroid therapy (ECT) in...

As a regulator of alveolo-capillary barrier integrity, Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) antagonism represents a promising strategy for reducing pulmonary edema secondary to chemical inhalation. In an experimental model of acute lung i...

The protective mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction during one-lung ventilation (OLV) is impaired in patients with a low diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL_CO). We hypothesized that iloprost inhalation would improve oxygenation and...

The effects of tiotropium bromide soft mist inhalers (SMIs) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving mechanical ventilation remain unexplored. This study investigated the dynamic effects of a tiotropium SMI on lung mech...

The question as to whether an aggressive management of post-operative pleural effusion may improve clinical outcomes after major surgery remains unanswered. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided pleural effusion dra...

Background/Objectives: Mechanical ventilation is essential in the management of acute respiratory failure (RF); however, prolonged use increases the risk of complications. Accurate predictors are therefore needed to guide timely weaning. The Rapid Sh...

Background: Mechanical ventilation is the main supportive treatment of severe cases of COVID-19-associated ARDS (C-ARDS). Weaning failure is common and associated with worse outcomes. We investigated the role of respiratory drive, assessed by monitor...

Lower than expected arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) continues to be an unresolved problem in equine anesthesia. The aim of this randomized, crossover, and prospective study using six adult horses is to determine if a 15° reverse Trendelenburg posi...

Background/Objectives: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI...

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is often a consequence of a dysregulated immune response; therefore, immunomodulation by extracorporeal cytokine removal has been increasingly used as an adjuvant therapy, but convincing data are...

Little is known about the clinical utility of blood, salivary, and urinary redox biomarkers in critically ill patients with brain injury and secondary organ failure. The aim of the study was to explore total antioxidant and oxidant status in neurocri...

Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is a protective mechanical ventilation mode for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that theoretically may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and ARDS-related mortality. Howeve...

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19 is substantially different from ARDS caused by other diseases and its treatment is dissimilar and challenging. As many studies showed conflicting results regarding the use of Non-invasive...

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be complicated by interstitial pneumonia, possibly leading to severe acute respiratory failure and death. Because of variable evolution ranging from asymptomatic cases to the need for invasive ventil...

Background and Objectives: The severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia are associated with acute hypoxic respiratory failure and high mortality rates, raising significant challenges for the medical community. The objective of this paper is to present th...

Despite the increasing use of high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNCs) to treat critically ill patients, data on their effectiveness for sepsis patients remains very limited. We studied a prospective cohort of sepsis patients from the Korean Sepsis Registry...

Background: COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease, that is heavily challenging health systems worldwide. Admission Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) and Lung Ultrasound (LUS) can be of great help in clinical decision making, especially during the current...

Bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and usually leads to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Treatment of patients with ARDS is difficult and usuall...

Background and Objectives: In patients with COVID-19, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are widely applied as initial treatments for moderate-to-severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The aim of the st...

Background: Progressive atelectasis regularly occurs during general anaesthesia; hence, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is often applied. Individualised PEEP titration may reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) a...

Background and Objectives: Pulmonary complications are a leading cause of morbidity after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to develop models to predict postoperative lung dysfunction and mortality. Materials and Methods: This was a single-c...

Background: A few prospective trials and case series have suggested that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) may be efficacious for the treatment of severe COVID-19, but safety is a concern for critically ill patients. We present an interim analysis of...