328 Results Found

Ceria/spinel-based lean NOx trap compositions with and without barium were modified with MnOx via incipient wetness impregnation. The effect of the MnOx layer on the aged materials (850 °C) as to the NOx storage and release properties was investi...

NOx storage-reduction (NSR) is a potential approach for the effective removal of NOx under the lean conditions in lean-burn engines. Herein, manganese-doped mixed oxides (Mn/MgAlOx) with high performance for low temperature NOx storage and release we...

Rice straw, which is a typical agricultural residue in China, was pyrolyzed in a horizontal tube reactor connected with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyzer at temperatures ranging from 500 to 900 °C to research the release mechanism of fuel-...

Research was conducted on fuels with additives that selectively affect the rate of kinetic (dQk/dα) and diffusion (dQd/dα) combustion in the diesel engine cylinder. In addition to the base fuel (DFB), DFKA fuel with an additive reducing d...

For renewable electricity production, biomass can fully displace coal in an existing power plant with some equipment modifications. Recently, a 125 MWe power plant burning mainly anthracite in Korea was retrofitted for dedicated wood pellet combustio...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with an abnormal accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils in the brain parenchyma and cerebrovasculature, which leads to cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular dysfunction. Cerebrovascular endoth...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be beneficial or harmful in health and disease. While low levels of ROS serve as signaling molecules to regulate vascular tone and the growth and proliferation of endothelial cells, elevated levels of ROS contribute...

Microglia-mediated chronic neuroinflammation is a common pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Strong evidence suggests that activated microglia can lesion neurons by releasing exosomes. However, the mechanisms of exosome release fr...

The article presents the results of research on the influence of two fuel additives that selectively affect the combustion process in a diesel engine cylinder. The addition of NitrON® reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx), due to a reduc...

To investigate the control mechanisms of NOx precursors and the synergistic effects of composite catalysts during proline pyrolysis, a systematic series of experiments was conducted utilizing composite catalysts with varying Fe-Ca ratios. Product dis...

At present, passive NOx adsorbers (PNAs) represent one of the most effective technologies for addressing NOx emissions from diesel engines during cold-start periods. Conventional PNAs, which primarily consist of noble metals (such as Pt, Pd, and Ag)...

In order to clarify the potential of internal purification methods on medium speed diesel engines to meet the IMO Tier III nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission regulations, combined 1-D engine working cycle simulation and 3-D CFD simulation were conducted t...

Previous studies have reported beneficial effects of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) inhibition on beta-cell survival in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms by which NOX4 inhibition protects insulin producing cells are, however, not known. The aim of the presen...

Hydrogen is a clean and renewable alternative fuel. In this paper, the combustion mechanism of diesel/hydrogen dual fuel is constructed and verified. The mechanism is combined with three-dimensional numerical simulation to study the effects of pilot...

An industry-defined evaluation protocol was used to evaluate the hydrocarbon trapping (HCT) and passive NOx adsorption (PNA) potential for BEA, ZSM-5, and SSZ-13 zeolites with ion-exchanged Pd or Ag. All materials underwent 700 °C degreening prior to...

The large amounts of emissions released by forest fires have a significant impact on the atmospheric environment, ecosystems, and human health. Revealing the main components of emissions released by forest fuel under different combustion states is of...

The role of inflammation and immunity in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases has become increasingly relevant within the past few years. In this context, the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role in the ac...

The NADPH oxidase NOX4 that releases H2O2 can mediate vasoprotective mechanisms under pathophysiological conditions in conductive arteries. However, the role of NOX4 in resistance arteries and in perivascular adipose tissue is not well understood. We...

An impedimetric NOx dosimeter based on the NOx sorption material KMnO4 is proposed. In addition to its application as a low level NOx dosimeter, KMnO4 shows potential as a precious metal free lean NOx trap material (LNT) for NOx storage catalysts (NS...

Neutrophils respond to a range of stimuli by releasing extracellular traps (NETs), a mesh consisting of chromatin plus granule and cytoplasmic proteins. We have investigated NET release in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), Pseudomonas aeru...

Myocardial damage caused by the newly emerged coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is one of the key determinants of COVID-19 severity and mortality. SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells is initiated by binding with its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzym...

Thyroid hormone synthesis requires adequate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production that is utilized as an oxidative agent during the synthesis of thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid H2O2 is generated by a member of the family of NADPH oxida...

Insulin resistance is defined as a reduced ability of insulin to stimulate glucose utilization. C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) are a model of insulin resistance. In skeletal muscle, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by NADPH oxidase 2 (N...

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase [NOX] enzymes serve several hemostatic and host defense functions in various lung diseases, but the role of NOX4 signaling in tuberculous pleurisy is not well understood. The role of NOX4 si...

Based on the temperature and O2 concentration in the cement precalciner, co-combustion of anthracite and Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) were investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and a double furnaces reactor. Both the TGA and double furna...

In type 1 diabetes (T1D) development, proinflammatory cytokines (PIC) released by immune cells lead to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in β-cells. Nonetheless, the temporality of the events triggered and the role of different ROS s...

We previously proposed the gas phase stoichiometric ratio (SRgas) as an index to evaluate NOx concentration in fuel-rich flames. The SRgas index was defined as the amount of fuel required for stoichiometric combustion/amount of gasified fuel, where t...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading contagious infectious disease caused by the pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that primarily affects the respiratory tract as well as the central nervous...

This article considers issues related to air pollution in residential apartments equipped with gas stoves. The combustion products from gas stoves are released directly into the indoor air, where people can spend a significant part of their time. Eve...

The new process of flue gas recirculation, which reduces coke consumption and reducing NOx emissions, is now extensively used. Compared with traditional sintering, the characteristics of circulating flue gas and coke parameters significantly affect t...

Amebiasis is an intestinal infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Amebic liver abscess (ALA) is the most common extraintestinal complication of amebiasis. In animal models of ALA, neutrophils have been shown to be the first cells to come into con...

In this work, an effective numerical simulation method was developed and used to analyze the effects of natural gas mixing ratio and pilot-main injection, main-post injection, and pilot-main-post injection strategies on the combustion and emission ch...

Dimethyl ether (DME) is a promising alternative to diesel for compression-ignition (CI) engines used in various industrial applications. However, the high nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions of DME combustion have restricted its use. The primary cause of...

This work suggests an interpretation to the quantitatively higher formation of NOx in a compression ignition (CI) engine when fueled with pure biodiesel (B100). A comparative study about the use of rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) and diesel fuel mixt...

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) lower LDL-cholesterol and slow atherosclerosis preventing cardiovascular events. While it is known that circulating PCSK9 enhances platelet activation (PA) and that PCSK9i...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of diesel/ethanol/n-butanol mixed fuel on the marine diesel engine combustion and emissions at different ethanol blending ratios, different single injection times, and pre-injection times. In addition, this...

The inflammatory response mediated by microglia plays a critical role in the progression of ischemic stroke. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) has been implicated in multiple inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, making it a promising tar...

The article presents a concept of improving operation of the engine with the effect of gas desorption from a solution with nucleation of gas bubbles. This concept consists in dissolving gas in diesel fuel until the solution is in equilibrium. At a la...

High population density and intense industrial activity has resulted in various forms of pollution in megacities. Air pollution ranks at the top of this list. This study investigated long-term changes in air pollutant parameters (SO2, CO, NO, NO2, NO...

Angiogenesis, a new vessel formation from the pre-existing ones, is essential for embryonic development, wound repair and treatment of ischemic heart and limb diseases. However, dysregulated angiogenesis contributes to various pathologies such as dia...

The majority of NOx is exhausted during the cold-start period for the low temperature of vehicle emissions, which can be solved by using Pd/zeolite catalysts to trap NOx at low temperature and release NOx at a high temperature that must be higher tha...

Diesel-fueled vehicles have classically had high particulate and NOx emissions. The introduction of Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) and Selective Catalytic Reduction for NOx (SCR) systems have decreased the Particle Number (PN) and NOx emissions, r...

Achieving efficient and clean use of low-volatile coal is of vital importance to China’s energy system. This study aims to elucidate how the high-concentration-CO2 atmosphere influences the migration pathways of fuel-bound nitrogen during the p...

Although the role of reactive oxygen species-mediated (ROS-mediated) signalling in physiologic and pathologic skin conditions has been proven, no data exist on the skin cells ROS-mediated communication. Primary fibroblasts were obtained from lesional...

Air pollution remains a big issue in many countries. One form of air pollution comes from the use of fossil fuels as the primary fuel in the power generating and transportation sectors. Diesel engines are employed in a variety of industries due to th...

Air pollution, a major health concern, necessitates innovative solutions such as TiO2-based photocatalytic building materials to combat its harmful effects. This study focuses on developing high-performance TiO2 photocatalysts for NOx removal in buil...

Background and aims: Offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction are at higher cardiovascular risk, but the underlying physio-pathological mechanism is unclear. NADPH oxidase-type 2 (NOX-2) plays a pivotal role as mediator of oxidative str...

Climate change, environmental degradation, and biodiversity loss are prompting production systems to shift from a fossil-based economy to a circular bio-based one. In this context, biomass gasification is a promising alternative to fossil fuels that...

In response to the challenges of deep peak shaving of coal-fired power plants and co-firing with combustible gases for achieving carbon neutrality and peaking emissions, this paper synthesizes combustion and ignition models for pulverized coal, with...

Environmental and energy sustainability concerns have catalyzed a global transition toward renewable biofuel alternatives. Among these, biodiesel stands out as a promising substitute for conventional diesel in compression-ignition engines, providing...