Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila), the primary causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease, is a waterborne bacterial pathogen that poses significant public health concern. This opportunistic pathogen commonly inhabits both natural and man-m...
21 November 2020
In this study, we aimed to associate the molecular typing of Legionella isolates with a culture technique during routine Legionella hospital environmental surveillance in hot water distribution systems (HWDSs) to develop a risk map able to be used to...
Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of severe Legionnaires’ disease (LD). Although an increasing number of LD cases have been observed, published data from Slovenia are very limited and data on molecular epidemiology are even scarcer. The p...
Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen that can cause severe pneumonia after the inhalation of contaminated aerosols and replication in alveolar macrophages. Several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been identified that contribu...
Following an incidence of Legionnaires disease (LD) in 2007, where a municipal shower system was the likely source of infection, Stavanger municipality initiated a surveillance program for Legionella as part of establishing internal risk evaluation a...
Legionella pneumophila can cause a large panel of symptoms besides the classic pneumonia presentation. Here we present a case of fatal nosocomial cellulitis in an immunocompromised patient followed, a year later, by a second case of Legionnaires&rsqu...
22 February 2022
Denmark has one of the highest Legionnaires’ disease notification rates within Europe, averaging 4.7 cases per 100,000 population annually (2017 to 2020). The relatively high incidence of disease is not uniform across the country, and approxima...
Work over the past two decades clearly defined a significant role of glycosyltransferase effectors in the infection strategy of the Gram-negative, respiratory pathogen Legionella pneumophila. Identification of the glucosyltransferase effectors Lgt1-3...
20 January 2022
An outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease affected 18 people in Montpellier, a town of the south of France, between December 2016 and July 2017. All cases were diagnosed by a positive urinary antigen test. No deaths were reported. Epidemiological, e...
Legionellosis is a respiratory disease related to environmental health. There have been manifold studies of pipe materials, risk installations and legionellosis without considering the type of transferred water. The objective of this study was to det...
Legionnaires’ disease (LD) incidence has been increasing in several European countries since 2011. Currently, Italy is experiencing high notification rates for LD, whose cause still remains scarcely understood. We sought to summarize the available ev...
Legionnaires’ Disease (LD) is a severe, sometimes fatal interstitial pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila. Since the inception of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, some contradictory reports about the effects of lockdown measures on its epidemiology...
Legionnaires’ disease is a potentially fatal pneumonia like infection caused by inhalation or aspiration of water particles contaminated with pathogenic Legionella spp. Household showers have been identified as a potential source of sporadic, c...
Understanding Legionella survival mechanisms within building water systems (BWSs) is challenging due to varying engineering, operational, and water quality characteristics unique to each system. This study aimed to evaluate Legionella, mycobacteria,...
19 January 2022
Legionellae are gram-negative bacteria most commonly found in freshwater ecosystems and purpose-built water systems. In humans, the bacterium causes Legionnaires’ disease (LD) or a Pontiac fever. In this study, the different waters (drinking wa...
Legionella is an opportunistic pathogen with a biphasic life cycle that occasionally infects humans. The aim of the study was to assess the distribution of virulence genes and genetic diversity among L. pneumophila isolated from water supply systems...
Legionella pneumophila, a waterborne pathogen naturally present in freshwater and capable of colonizing artificial water systems, is responsible for Legionnaires’ disease (LD), a severe form of pneumonia transmitted through inhalation of contam...
Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease, causing fever and lung infection, with a death rate up to 15% in severe cases. In the process of infection, Legionella pneumophila secretes over 330 effectors into hos...
Legionella is one of the most important waterborne pathogens that can lead to both outbreaks and sporadic cases. The majority of travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease (TALD) cases are contracted during hotel stays. The aim of this study was t...
Legionella pneumophila is an agent also well known to be frequently responsible for severe community acquired pneumonia. Recent studies regarding severe community-acquired pneumonia have shown that Legionella pneumophila is the second most common cau...
Investigating human pathogens in wastewater is crucial for identifying and predicting potential occupational health risks faced by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and levels of Legionella pneumo...
Background: Legionella species are the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease and, as ubiquitous waterborne bacteria, are prone to antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) acquisition and dissemination due to the antimicrobial contamination of nat...
Surgical handwashing is a mandatory practice to protect both surgeons and patients in order to control Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). The study is focused on Legionella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa contamination in Surgical Handwashing Outlet...
The West Bank can be considered a high-risk area for Legionnaires’ disease (LD) due to its hot climate, intermittent water supply and roof storage of drinking water. Legionella, mostly L. pneumophila, are responsible for LD, a severe, community...
Legionella species are ubiquitous bacteria found worldwide in water, moist environments, soils, and compost. Infection occurs through the inhalation of aerosols, leading to either Pontiac fever or Legionnaires’ disease (LD). Current routine dia...
An outbreak of a potentially fatal form of pneumonia in 1976 and in the annual convention of the American Legion was the first time that Legionella spp. was identified. Thereafter, the term Legionnaires’ disease (LD) was established. The infect...
Although cases of Legionnaires’ disease are notifiable, data on the phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of clinical isolates are limited. This retrospective study aims to report the results of the characterisation of Legionella clinical i...
13 May 2019
We investigated the genetic characteristics of 161 Legionella pneumophila strains isolated over a period of 10 years from cooling towers in Japan. Minimum spanning tree analysis based on the sequence-based typing (SBT) of them identified three clonal...
Legionella pneumophila contamination of water systems is a crucial issue for public health. The pathogen is able to persist in water as free-living planktonic bacteria or to grow within biofilms that adhere to and clog filters and pipes in a water sy...
12 October 2015
Cooling towers are a source of Legionnaires’ disease. It is important from a public health perspective to survey industrial cooling towers for the presence of Legionella. Prospective surveillance of the extent of Legionella pollution was conducted at...
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Legionella pneumophila is emerging as a concern, particularly with resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones. Although clinically significant resistance in Legionella pneumophila remains uncommon, sys...
Exposure to aerosols containing Legionella from artificially made water systems has been established as a primary cause of Legionnaires’ disease. In this study, we investigated an outbreak of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 sequence type 138 which o...
Legionnaires’ disease is a severe form of lung infection caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella. The disease severity depends on both host immunity and L. pneumophila virulence. The objective of this study was to describe the path...
Detection and enumeration of Legionella in water samples is of great importance for risk assessment analysis. The plate culture method is the gold standard, but has received several well-known criticisms, which have induced researchers to develop alt...
Background: Legionella pneumophila is a rare but severe cause of community-acquired pneumonia and can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Awake prone positioning (APP) has been recognized as an effective adjunct for non-intubated pati...
22 June 2017
Healthcare facilities (HF) represent an at-risk environment for legionellosis transmission occurring after inhalation of contaminated aerosols. In general, the control of water is preferred to that of air because, to date, there are no standardized s...
Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that causes severe pneumonia known as Legionnaires’ disease. The bacterium causes disease when contaminated water is aerosolized and subsequently inhaled by individua...
Legionella pneumophila is the primary causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease. The mutant-type strain interrupted in the ORF7 gene region responsible for the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis of the L. pneumophila strain Heysham-1, lacking the O...
Exposure to Legionella spp. contaminated aerosols in hotel settings confers risk for travel-associated Legionnaire’s disease (TALD). In this study, we investigated the prevalence of Legionella contamination and its molecular diversity in hotels...
In the analysis of water samples, the type of filtration membrane material can influence the recovery of Legionella species, although this issue has been poorly investigated. Filtration membranes (0.45 µm) from different materials and manufactu...
The colonization of Legionella spp. in engineered water systems constitutes a major public health threat. In this study, a six-year environmental surveillance (2020–2025) of Legionella colonization in five different types of facilities in Crete...
Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease. Due to the hot climate and intermittent water supply, the West Bank, Palestine, can be considered a high-risk area for this often fatal atypical pneumonia. L. pneumophila occurs...
Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen causing pneumonia in humans. In February 2022, Legionnaires’ disease caused by L. pneumophila strain Corby in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma was identified for the first time in China. Thi...
Biopolymer microparticles have been developed for applications that require biocompatibility and biodegradability, such as drug delivery. In this study, we assessed the production of microparticles using carnauba wax, κ-carrageenan, alginate, a...
Legionella pneumophila is an environmental bacterium and clinical pathogen that causes many life-threating outbreaks of an atypical pneumonia called Legionnaires’ disease (LD). Studies of this pathogen have focused mainly on Europe and the Unit...
Background: Legionnaires’ disease (LD) is most often described as caused by a single Legionella pneumophila (Lp) serogroup (SG), typically SG1. However, mixed infections involving multiple SGs or even different Legionella species can occur with...
24 February 2017
Natural and engineered water systems are the main sources of Legionnaires’ disease. It is essential from a public health perspective to survey water environments for the existence of Legionella. To analyze the main serogroups, genotypes and pathogeni...
Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that causes Legionnaires’ disease in elderly or immunocompromised individuals. This bacterium relies on the Dot/Icm (Defective in organelle trafficking/Intracellular multiplicatio...
Macrophages represent one of the first lines of host immune defences against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. Many receptors, immune signalling pathways and cellular processes in macrophages, including Toll-like receptors, Nod-like receptors, pha...
In contrast to “frank” pathogens, like Salmonella entrocolitica, Shigella dysenteriae, and Vibrio cholerae, that always have a probability of disease, “opportunistic” pathogens are organisms that cause an infectious disease in...
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