Investigation of a Legionella pneumophila Outbreak at a Bath Facility in Japan Using Whole-Genome Sequencing of Isolates from Clinical and Environmental Samples

Nakanishi, Noriko; Komatsu, Shoko; Tanaka, Shinobu; Mukai, Kengo; Nomoto, Ryohei

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11010028

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Investigation of a Legionella pneumophila Outbreak at a Bath Facility in Japan Using Whole-Genome Sequencing of Isolates from Clinical and Environmental Samples

by

Noriko Nakanishi

^*

,

Shoko Komatsu

,

Shinobu Tanaka

,

Kengo Mukai

and

Ryohei Nomoto

^*

Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, 4-6-5 Minatojima-nakamichi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0046, Japan

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Microorganisms 2023, 11(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010028

Submission received: 18 November 2022 / Revised: 14 December 2022 / Accepted: 20 December 2022 / Published: 22 December 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical and Environmental Surveillance for the Prevention of Legionellosis)

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Abstract

Exposure to aerosols containing Legionella from artificially made water systems has been established as a primary cause of Legionnaires’ disease. In this study, we investigated an outbreak of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 sequence type 138 which occurred at a bath facility in 2022. The whole-genome sequencing of isolates revealed that the colonization of L. pneumophila at the bath facility had occurred before 2013, and the patients had been exposed to multiple genetic lineages of the strain. Our study demonstrates the importance of performing a careful comparative genetic analysis of clinical and environmental isolates from LD outbreaks in order to effectively investigate and prevent future LD outbreaks.

Keywords: Legionella pneumophila; outbreak; bath facility; Japan; Legionnaires’ disease; whole-genome sequencing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nakanishi, N.; Komatsu, S.; Tanaka, S.; Mukai, K.; Nomoto, R. Investigation of a Legionella pneumophila Outbreak at a Bath Facility in Japan Using Whole-Genome Sequencing of Isolates from Clinical and Environmental Samples. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010028

AMA Style

Nakanishi N, Komatsu S, Tanaka S, Mukai K, Nomoto R. Investigation of a Legionella pneumophila Outbreak at a Bath Facility in Japan Using Whole-Genome Sequencing of Isolates from Clinical and Environmental Samples. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(1):28. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010028

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nakanishi, Noriko, Shoko Komatsu, Shinobu Tanaka, Kengo Mukai, and Ryohei Nomoto. 2023. "Investigation of a Legionella pneumophila Outbreak at a Bath Facility in Japan Using Whole-Genome Sequencing of Isolates from Clinical and Environmental Samples" Microorganisms 11, no. 1: 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010028

APA Style

Nakanishi, N., Komatsu, S., Tanaka, S., Mukai, K., & Nomoto, R. (2023). Investigation of a Legionella pneumophila Outbreak at a Bath Facility in Japan Using Whole-Genome Sequencing of Isolates from Clinical and Environmental Samples. Microorganisms, 11(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010028

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Investigation of a Legionella pneumophila Outbreak at a Bath Facility in Japan Using Whole-Genome Sequencing of Isolates from Clinical and Environmental Samples

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