The acquisition of determiners in French presents a significant challenge for both children in L1 and adults in L2. Research in L1 acquisition has found that French determiners, which are highly constrained, appear quite early relative to other langu...
Background/Objective: Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), which is overexpressed in certain tumors, inhibits the body’s natural immune response by providing an “off” signal that enables cancer cells to evade the immune system. I...
Prior research has shown that people can predict the syntactic features of an upcoming word during sentence comprehension. However, evidence for morphosyntactic predictive processing has been limited to gender or case marking in a small subset of Ind...
This study presents evidence of second language (L2) influence on first language (L1) perception of alveolar stops. Sixty-one L1 Japanese late learners of L2 English (onset ~12 years old) in Japan (N = 31) and in the US (N = 30) participated. We exam...
Until recently, research on language attitudes focused mainly on attitudes relating to speakers’ L1. However, with the increase in interest in multilingualism in a globalised world, there has been a renewed interest in language attitudes relati...
Approximately 20% of breast cancer (BC) patients suffer from distant metastasis. The incidence and prevalence rates of metastatic BC have increased annually. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are an emerging area of treatment, especially for metastatic pa...
Programmed death 1 (PD-1), when activated by its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, suppresses active immune cells in normal immune regulation to limit autoimmunity and, in tumors, as a mechanism of immune evasion. PD-L1 expression has been described as both a...
Adhesion molecules regulate cell proliferation, migration, survival, neuritogenesis, synapse formation and synaptic plasticity during the nervous system’s development and in the adult. Among such molecules, the neural cell adhesion molecule L1...
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) has demonstrated impressive clinical outcomes in several malignancies, but its therapeutic efficacy in the majority of colorectal cancers is still low. Therefore, methods to improve its therapeutic efficacy in colorecta...
The causal relationship between HPV and cervical cancer in association with the high prevalence of high risk HPV genotypes led to the design of HPV vaccines based on the major capsid L1 protein. In recent years, capsid protein L2 has also become a fo...
The use of monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 axis completely changed anticancer treatment strategies. However, despite the significant improvement in overall survival and progression-free survival of patients undergoing these immunotherapy t...
The revised version of the Speech Learning Model (SLM-r) regards full-time equivalent (FTE), which involves the amount of L2 use during the length of residence (LOR) in an L2 setting, as the main factor in L2 speech acquisition. Previous studiesshowe...
For an efficient and reliable operation of an Airborne Wind Energy System, it is widely accepted that the kite should follow a pre-defined optimized path. In this article, we address the problem of designing a trajectory controller so that such path...
The problem of finding more precise stratification criteria for identifying the cohort of patients who would obtain the maximum benefit from immunotherapy is acute in modern times. In our study were enrolled 18 triple-negative breast cancer patients....
The anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint has achieved outstanding results in clinical application and has become one of the most popular anti-cancer drugs. The mechanism of molecular recognition and inhibition o...
PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become an established method for predicting cancer response to targeted anti-PD1 immunotherapies, including breast cancer (BC). The alternative PD-1 ligand, PD-L2, remains understudied but may be a complementary p...
Papillomavirus L1 and L2, the major and minor capsid proteins, play significant roles in viral assembly, entry, and propagation. In the current study, we investigate the impact of L1 and L2 on viral life cycle and tumor growth with a newly establishe...
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), which is a molecule involved in the inhibitory signal in the immune system and is important due to blocking of the interactions between PD-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), has emerged as a promising immuno...
It is obvious that tumor cells have developed a number of strategies to escape immune surveillance including an altered expression of various immune checkpoints, such as the programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. The inte...
This paper presents a PREcise and Fast Method of Ambiguity Reinitialization/Resolution (PREFMAR) for L1 and L2 in GPS measurements. The method determines NL1 and NL2 ambiguities based on the ambiguity functions: Ψ(NL1)NL1NL2 and Ψ(NL2)NL2NL1....
The bipartite landscape of tumor cells and stromal cells determines a tumor’s response to treatment during disease management. In endometrial cancers (ECs), the mechanistic contribution of PD-L1/L2 and PD-1 signaling of the host’s tumor m...
The programmed death (PD)-1/PD-L1 pathway is a well-recognized negative immune checkpoint that results in functional inhibition of T-cells. Microglia, the brain-resident immune cells are vital for pathogen detection and initiation of neuroimmune resp...
L-fucose is a monosaccharide derived from brown algae and has potential applications as a functional food ingredient. Previous studies have reported that L-fucose reduces lipid accumulation in murine adipose tissue. Adipose tissue not only regulates...
Epigenetic alterations (including DNA methylation or miRNAs) influence oncogene/oncosuppressor gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Prostate cancer (PC) displays a complex genetic and epigenetic regulation of cell-growth pathways and tu...
The goals of this study were to investigate the developmental patterns of acquisition of the Spanish tap and trill by L1 Mandarin–L2 English–L3 Spanish speakers, and to examine the extent to which the L1 and the L2 influenced the L3 produ...
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) hold great potential to answer key questions of how non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) evolves and develops resistance upon anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Currently, their clinical utility in NSCLC is compromised by a low d...
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) biomarker testing in gastric cancer is required to identify patients suitable for immunotherapy. However, the PD-L1 testing landscape is complex, with various PD-L1 tests available and multiple algorithms that combin...
The human LINE-1 (or L1) element is a non-LTR retrotransposon that is mobilized through an RNA intermediate by an L1-encoded reverse transcriptase and other L1-encoded proteins. L1 elements remain actively mobile today and continue to mutagenize huma...
A hypercube is a graph whose nodes can be labeled by binary vectors such that the distance between the binary addresses in the graph is the Hamming distance. Due to the symmetry of the hypercube, one usually considers the graph embedded in the hyperc...
Adults commonly struggle with perceiving and recognizing the sounds and words of a second language (L2), especially when the L2 sounds do not have a counterpart in the learner’s first language (L1). We examined how L1 Mandarin L2 English speake...
Current cancer therapies focus on reducing immunosuppression and remodeling the tumor microenvironment to inhibit metastasis, cancer progression, and therapeutic resistance. Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) is expressed on immune T cells and is one...
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune regulatory protein that facilitates tumor escape from host immune surveillance. In the clinic, tumors with high level of PD-L1 have been used to identify patients who might respond favorably to trea...
Liquid biopsy is an accessible, non-invasive diagnostic tool for advanced prostate cancer (PC) patients, potentially representing a real-time monitoring test for tumor evolution and response to treatment through the analysis of circulating tumor cell...
This paper presents numerical analyzes of code differential GPS positioning with the use of two Huawei P30 Pro mobile phones. Code observations on L1 and L5 frequencies were chosen for DGPS positioning analysis. For project purposes, we additionally...
The suppression of excessive immune responses is necessary to prevent injury to the body, but it also allows cancer cells to escape immune responses and proliferate. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a co-inhibitory molecule that is present on T cell...
Nowadays, many maritime structures require precise dynamic positioning (DP) of the constructive elements that compose them. In addition, the use of preconstructed elements that are later moved to the final location has become widespread. These operat...
Research into L3 phonological acquisition has grown in the past decade, yet perceptual studies remain scarce. Existing studies report complex interactions between the phonetic categories of multilinguals’ L1, L2 and L3, depending on investigated feat...
While promising, PD-L1 expression on tumor tissues as assessed by immunohistochemistry has been shown to be an imperfect biomarker that only applies to a limited number of cancers, whereas many patients with PD-L1-negative tumors still respond to ant...
Genetic mutations accumulated overtime could generate many growth and survival advantages for cancer cells, but these mutations also mark cancer cells as targets to be eliminated by the immune system. To evade immune surveillance, cancer cells adopte...
Long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1, L1) is a retrotransposon comprising ~17% of the human genome. A subset of L1s maintains the potential to mobilize and alter the genomic landscape, consequently contributing to the change in genome integrity...
Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) exhibits aggressive behavior, with limited treatment options. Given the relevance of the PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 axis in human breast cancer immunotherapy, this study assessed PD-1 and its ligands in rare FMC histotypes (n = 4...
Let D be a connected bounded domain in
Therapies targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis have recently been introduced to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with limited efficacy, suggesting that this axis promotes tumor progression through mechanisms other than immune suppression. Here, we over-...
This study examines the influence of Tamil (L1) on the processing of English (L2) collocations during reading for Tamil-English bilingual children. Building on existing research in formulaic language, we used an online processing tool to investigate...
In this paper, we consider the censorship of public swear word usage as a function of, and continued maintenance of, taboo with a focus on L1 and LX swearing and its management. In research with multilingual speakers, first-language swear words are c...
The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (also called L1CAM or CD171) functions not only in cell migration, but also in cell survival, differentiation, myelination, neurite outgrowth, and signaling during nervous system development and in adults. The pro...
Infrared dim small target detection has received a lot of attention, because it is a crucial component of the IR search and track systems (IRST). The robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is a common detection framework, which works with poor pe...
This study examines the plasticity of native language intonation in English-Austrian German sequential bilinguals who have migrated to Austria in adulthood by comparing it to that of monolingual English and monolingual Austrian control speakers. Into...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune-related biomarkers are increasingly investigated in rectal cancer (RC). We retrospectively analysed PD-L1 expression in diagnostic biopsy and resection samples from RC patients treated at our centre between 200...
Background: Endometrial cancer is one of the most common female genital cancers and poses a significant clinical problem due to its increasing incidence and variable prognosis depending on the stage of the disease. The development of EC is largely de...
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