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669 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
13,482 Views
25 Pages

Bot Datasets on Twitter: Analysis and Challenges

  • Luis Daniel Samper-Escalante,
  • Octavio Loyola-González,
  • Raúl Monroy and
  • Miguel Angel Medina-Pérez

30 April 2021

The reach and influence of social networks over modern society and its functioning have created new challenges and opportunities to prevent the misuse or tampering of such powerful tools of social interaction. Twitter, a social networking service tha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
6,208 Views
21 Pages

28 February 2022

In the ultra-connected age of information, online social media platforms have become an indispensable part of our daily routines. Recently, this online public space is getting largely occupied by suspicious and manipulative social media bots. Such au...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,432 Views
14 Pages

The explosive growth of botnets has posed an unprecedented potent threat to the internet. It calls for more efficient ways to screen influential bots, and thus precisely bring the whole botnet down beforehand. In this paper, we propose a gravity-base...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,519 Views
25 Pages

An Evolutionary Computation Approach for Twitter Bot Detection

  • Luigi Rovito,
  • Lorenzo Bonin,
  • Luca Manzoni and
  • Andrea De Lorenzo

10 June 2022

Bot accounts are automated software programs that act as legitimate human profiles on social networks. Identifying these kinds of accounts is a challenging problem due to the high variety and heterogeneity that bot accounts exhibit. In this work, we...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,931 Views
18 Pages

13 August 2022

Twitter, as a popular social network, has been targeted by different bot attacks. Detecting social bots is a challenging task, due to their evolving capacity to avoid detection. Extensive research efforts have proposed different techniques and approa...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,040 Views
16 Pages

Bot Detection on Social Networks Using Persistent Homology

  • Minh Nguyen,
  • Mehmet Aktas and
  • Esra Akbas

The growth of social media in recent years has contributed to an ever-increasing network of user data in every aspect of life. This volume of generated data is becoming a vital asset for the growth of companies and organizations as a powerful tool to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,636 Views
21 Pages

1 June 2025

The evolution of social bots, i.e., accounts on social media platforms controlled by malicious software, is making them increasingly more challenging to discover. A practical solution is to explore the adversarial nature of novel bots and find the vu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,129 Views
11 Pages

Validity of the BOT-2 Short Form for Korean School-Age Children: A Preliminary Study

  • Deukgeun Yoon,
  • Dabin Choi,
  • Misun Kim,
  • Seokyeon Ji,
  • Yoo-Sook Joung and
  • Eun Young Kim

13 June 2024

The Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) is the most common motor assessment in Korea. The BOT-2–Short Form (SF) is preferred over the complete form (CF) in settings with limited time. The present study aim...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
10,649 Views
16 Pages

Analyzing Political Polarization on Social Media by Deleting Bot Spamming

  • Riccardo Cantini,
  • Fabrizio Marozzo,
  • Domenico Talia and
  • Paolo Trunfio

Social media platforms are part of everyday life, allowing the interconnection of people around the world in large discussion groups relating to every topic, including important social or political issues. Therefore, social media have become a valuab...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,760 Views
17 Pages

28 May 2025

Bots have become increasingly prevalent in the digital sphere and have taken up a proactive role in shaping democratic processes. While previous studies have focused on their influence at the individual level, their potential macro-level impact on co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,275 Views
26 Pages

21 October 2021

OSN platforms are under attack by intruders born and raised within their own ecosystems. These attacks have multiple scopes from mild critiques to violent offences targeting individual or community rights and opinions. Negative publicity on microblog...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,080 Views
22 Pages

Bot-Based Emergency Software Applications for Natural Disaster Situations

  • Gabriel Ovando-Leon,
  • Luis Veas-Castillo,
  • Veronica Gil-Costa and
  • Mauricio Marin

Upon a serious emergency situation such as a natural disaster, people quickly try to call their friends and family with the software they use every day. On the other hand, people also tend to participate as a volunteer for rescue purposes. It is unli...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,521 Views
24 Pages

Social media bots pose potential threats to the online environment, and the continuously evolving anti-detection technologies require bot detection methods to be more reliable and general. Current detection methods encounter challenges, including lim...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
6,130 Views
15 Pages

An Attention-Based Graph Neural Network for Spam Bot Detection in Social Networks

  • Chensu Zhao,
  • Yang Xin,
  • Xuefeng Li,
  • Hongliang Zhu,
  • Yixian Yang and
  • Yuling Chen

18 November 2020

With the rapid development of social networks, spam bots and other anomaly accounts’ malicious behavior has become a critical information security problem threatening the social network platform. In order to reduce this threat, the existing res...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,492 Views
17 Pages

25 July 2020

This study explores the implementation of legal artificial intelligence (AI) robot issues for sustainable development related to legal advisory institutions. While a legal advisory AI Bot using the unique arithmetic method of AI offers rules of conve...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,700 Views
26 Pages

CB-MTE: Social Bot Detection via Multi-Source Heterogeneous Feature Fusion

  • Meng Cheng,
  • Yuzhi Xiao,
  • Tao Huang,
  • Chao Lei and
  • Chuang Zhang

4 June 2025

Social bots increasingly mimic real users and collaborate in large-scale influence campaigns, distorting public perception and making their detection both critical and challenging. Traditional bot detection methods, constrained by single-source featu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
12,656 Views
17 Pages

Twitter Bot Detection Using Diverse Content Features and Applying Machine Learning Algorithms

  • Fawaz Khaled Alarfaj,
  • Hassaan Ahmad,
  • Hikmat Ullah Khan,
  • Abdullah Mohammaed Alomair,
  • Naif Almusallam and
  • Muzamil Ahmed

14 April 2023

A social bot is an intelligent computer program that acts like a human and carries out various activities in a social network. A Twitter bot is one of the most common forms of social bots. The detection of Twitter bots has become imperative to draw l...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,745 Views
17 Pages

FedKG: A Knowledge Distillation-Based Federated Graph Method for Social Bot Detection

  • Xiujuan Wang,
  • Kangmiao Chen,
  • Keke Wang,
  • Zhengxiang Wang,
  • Kangfeng Zheng and
  • Jiayue Zhang

28 May 2024

Malicious social bots pose a serious threat to social network security by spreading false information and guiding bad opinions in social networks. The singularity and scarcity of single organization data and the high cost of labeling social bots have...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,105 Views
27 Pages

4 July 2025

The proliferation of malicious social bots poses severe threats to cybersecurity and social media information ecosystems. Existing detection methods often overlook the semantic value and emotional cues conveyed by emojis in user-generated tweets. To...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,105 Views
16 Pages

SqueezeGCN: Adaptive Neighborhood Aggregation with Squeeze Module for Twitter Bot Detection Based on GCN

  • Chengqi Fu,
  • Shuhao Shi,
  • Yuxin Zhang,
  • Yongmao Zhang,
  • Jian Chen,
  • Bin Yan and
  • Kai Qiao

Despite notable advancements in bot detection methods based on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). The efficacy of Graph Neural Networks relies heavily on the homophily assumption, which posits that nodes with the same label are more likely to form connect...

  • Article
  • Open Access
650 Views
17 Pages

2 October 2025

In this paper, we present a unique method to determine the level of bot contamination of web-based user agents. It is common practice for bots and robotic agents to masquerade as human-like to avoid content and performance limitations. This paper con...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,149 Views
16 Pages

12 August 2020

The move of news audiences to social media has presented a major challenge for news organizations. How to adapt and adjust to this social media environment is an important issue for sustainable news business. News bots are one of the key technologies...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,941 Views
28 Pages

29 January 2024

Microrobots are effective for monitoring infrastructure in narrow spaces. However, they have limited computing power, and most of them are not wireless and stable enough for accessing infrastructure in difficult-to-reach areas. In this paper, we desc...

  • Project Report
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,224 Views
9 Pages

Virtual Assistants (VA) are a new groundbreaking tool for screening cognitive impairment by healthcare professionals. By providing the volume of data needed in healthcare guidance, better treatment monitoring and optimization of costs are expected. O...

  • Article
  • Open Access
656 Views
18 Pages

Large Language Models Evaluation of Medical Licensing Examination Using GPT-4.0, ERNIE Bot 4.0, and GPT-4o

  • Luoyu Lian,
  • Xin Luo,
  • Kavimbi Chipusu,
  • Muhammad Awais Ashraf,
  • Kelvin K. L. Wong and
  • Wenjun Zhang

This study systematically evaluated the performance of three advanced large language models (LLMs)—GPT-4.0, ERNIE Bot 4.0, and GPT-4o—in the 2023 Chinese Medical Licensing Examination. Employing a dataset of 600 standardized questions, we...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,103 Views
17 Pages

31 March 2023

A simple supervised learning model can predict a class from trained data based on the previous learning process. Trust in such a model can be gained through evaluation measures that ensure fewer misclassification errors in prediction results for diff...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
12,009 Views
14 Pages

Strategic Analysis of the Automation of Container Port Terminals through BOT (Business Observation Tool)

  • Alberto Camarero Orive,
  • José Ignacio Parra Santiago,
  • María Magdalena Esteban-Infantes Corral and
  • Nicoletta González-Cancelas

The port system is immersed in a process of digital transformation towards the concept of Ports 4.0, under the new regulatory and connectivity requirements that are expected of them. As a result of the changes that the industrial revolution 4.0 is im...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,699 Views
19 Pages

Shifting the Paradigm: The Dress-COV Telegram Bot as a Tool for Participatory Medicine

  • Michela Franchini,
  • Stefania Pieroni,
  • Nicola Martini,
  • Andrea Ripoli,
  • Dante Chiappino,
  • Francesca Denoth,
  • Michael Norman Liebman,
  • Sabrina Molinaro and
  • Daniele Della Latta

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic management is limited by great uncertainty, for both health systems and citizens. Facing this information gap requires a paradigm shift from traditional approaches to healthcare to...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,345 Views
16 Pages

Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) Short Form: A Systematic Review of Studies Conducted in Healthy Children

  • Danilo Radanović,
  • Dušan Đorđević,
  • Mima Stanković,
  • Damir Pekas,
  • Špela Bogataj and
  • Nebojša Trajkovic

9 September 2021

Motor skill competence of children is one of the important predictors of health because if a child is physically active during early childhood, the possibility of occurrence of many chronic diseases in adulthood will be reduced. The aim of this study...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
8,258 Views
12 Pages

Experimental Evaluation: Can Humans Recognise Social Media Bots?

  • Maxim Kolomeets,
  • Olga Tushkanova,
  • Vasily Desnitsky,
  • Lidia Vitkova and
  • Andrey Chechulin

This paper aims to test the hypothesis that the quality of social media bot detection systems based on supervised machine learning may not be as accurate as researchers claim, given that bots have become increasingly sophisticated, making it difficul...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
2,606 Views
5 Pages

ArcheoBot is a prototype of a Telegram Bot: it is an experimental prototype that builds on the common digital experiences of the authors of this article, aiming to offer a quick, powerful, easy to use tool. It aims to serve archaeological and topogra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,663 Views
19 Pages

In order to meet the learning demands and challenges of the 21st century, computational thinking (CT) skills are important to start developing in early childhood education. The best way to cultivate CT skills, such as algorithmic thinking, is by impl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,802 Views
18 Pages

Research on the Classification Methods of Social Bots

  • Xiaohan Liu,
  • Yue Zhan,
  • Hao Jin,
  • Yuan Wang and
  • Yi Zhang

In order to ensure the healthy development of social networks and the harmony and stability of the society, as well as to facilitate effective supervision by regulatory authorities, a classification method of social bots is proposed based on the iden...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,520 Views
21 Pages

Social Bots’ Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic Discussion on Twitter

  • Yaming Zhang,
  • Wenjie Song,
  • Jiang Shao,
  • Majed Abbas,
  • Jiaqi Zhang,
  • Yaya H. Koura and
  • Yanyuan Su

Social bots have already infiltrated social media platforms, such as Twitter, Facebook, and so on. Exploring the role of social bots in discussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as comparing the behavioral differences between social bots and huma...

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
5,861 Views
14 Pages

During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media served as an important channel for the public to obtain health information and disseminate opinions when offline communication was severely hindered. Yet the emergence of social bots influencing social media...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,171 Views
17 Pages

7 March 2019

Due to budgetary constraints, the government releases the right to ancillary business development for private investors to increase profits in PPP projects. However, the ancillary business scale is not specified in the regulations, and there is littl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,156 Views
14 Pages

Identification of Bots and Cyborgs in the #FeesMustFall Campaign

  • Yaseen Khan,
  • Surendra Thakur,
  • Obiseye Obiyemi and
  • Emmanuel Adetiba

Bots (social robots) are computer programs that replicate human behavior in online social networks. They are either fully automated or semi-automated, and their use makes online activism vulnerable to manipulation. This study examines the existence o...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,844 Views
18 Pages

Hybrid Intelligence Strategies for Identifying, Classifying and Analyzing Political Bots

  • Berta García-Orosa,
  • Pablo Gamallo,
  • Patricia Martín-Rodilla and
  • Rodrigo Martínez-Castaño

27 September 2021

Political bots, through astroturfing and other strategies, have become important players in recent elections in several countries. This study aims to provide researchers and the citizenry with the necessary knowledge to design strategies to identify...

  • Article
  • Open Access
40 Citations
7,383 Views
13 Pages

27 September 2020

In this study, we examined the activities of automated social media accounts or bots that tweet or retweet referencing #COVID-19 and #COVID19. From a total sample of over 50 million tweets, we used a mixed method to extract more than 185,000 messages...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,901 Views
11 Pages

Disinformation in Social Networks and Bots: Simulated Scenarios of Its Spread from System Dynamics

  • Alfredo Guzmán Rincón,
  • Ruby Lorena Carrillo Barbosa,
  • Nuria Segovia-García and
  • David Ricardo Africano Franco

10 March 2022

Social networks have become the scenario with the greatest potential for the circulation of disinformation, hence there is a growing interest in understanding how this type of information is spread, especially in relation to the mechanisms used by di...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,522 Views
10 Pages

Bots’ Activity on COVID-19 Pro and Anti-Vaccination Networks: Analysis of Spanish-Written Messages on Twitter

  • Carlos Ruiz-Núñez,
  • Sergio Segado-Fernández,
  • Beatriz Jiménez-Gómez,
  • Pedro Jesús Jiménez Hidalgo,
  • Carlos Santiago Romero Magdalena,
  • María del Carmen Águila Pollo,
  • Azucena Santillán-Garcia and
  • Ivan Herrera-Peco

2 August 2022

This study aims to analyze the role of bots in the dissemination of health information, both in favor of and opposing vaccination against COVID-19. Study design: An observational, retrospective, time-limited study was proposed, in which activity on t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,381 Views
16 Pages

During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media has become an emerging platform for the public to find information, share opinions, and seek coping strategies. Vaccination, one of the most effective public health interventions to control the COVID-19 pand...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,865 Views
15 Pages

Detecting Social Media Bots with Variational AutoEncoder and k-Nearest Neighbor

  • Xiujuan Wang,
  • Qianqian Zheng,
  • Kangfeng Zheng,
  • Yi Sui,
  • Siwei Cao and
  • Yutong Shi

13 June 2021

Malicious social media bots are disseminators of malicious information on social networks and seriously affect information security and the network environment. Efficient and reliable classification of social media bots is crucial for detecting infor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
11,738 Views
17 Pages

Social media is not only an essential platform for the dissemination of public health-related information, but also an important channel for people to communicate during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, social bots can interfere with the social media...

  • Article
  • Open Access
76 Citations
8,783 Views
18 Pages

During the COVID-19 pandemic, when individuals were confronted with social distancing, social media served as a significant platform for expressing feelings and seeking emotional support. However, a group of automated actors known as social bots have...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
7,342 Views
19 Pages

20 April 2023

With the acceleration of human society’s digitization and the application of innovative technologies to emerging media, popular social media platforms are inundated by fresh news and multimedia content from multiple more or less reliable source...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,700 Views
24 Pages

HRLB⌃2: A Reinforcement Learning Based Framework for Believable Bots

  • Christian Arzate Cruz and
  • Jorge Adolfo Ramirez Uresti

1 December 2018

The creation of believable behaviors for Non-Player Characters (NPCs) is key to improve the players’ experience while playing a game. To achieve this objective, we need to design NPCs that appear to be controlled by a human player. In this pape...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,725 Views
28 Pages

Alquist 5.0: Dialogue Trees Meet Generative Models, a Novel Approach for Enhancing SocialBot Conversations

  • Ondrej Kobza,
  • David Herel,
  • Jan Cuhel,
  • Tommaso Gargiani,
  • Petr Marek and
  • Jan Sedivy

21 September 2024

This article introduces Alquist 5.0, our SocialBot that was designed for the Alexa Prize SocialBot Grand Challenge 5. Building upon previous iterations, we present the integration of our novel neural response generator (NRG) Barista within a hybrid a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
644 Views
28 Pages

13 November 2025

This research presents the first known example of a Thrust-Augmented Rocker Bogie (TARB). As a robust and passive mechanisms, the rocker bogie suspension system has seen widespread application in ground-based robotic planetary exploration rovers. How...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,775 Views
17 Pages

2 June 2024

BlenderBot 2.0 represents a significant advancement in open-domain chatbots by incorporating real-time information and retaining user information across multiple sessions through an internet search module. Despite its innovations, there are still are...

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