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  • Article
  • Open Access

Generation Mechanisms of the Complex Adaptive System in Traditional Settlements: A Case Study of Zheshui Village, China

  • Yunxing Zhang,
  • Baien Zhang,
  • Nana Han,
  • Chenchen Lu,
  • Jie Gao,
  • Haidong Li and
  • Feifei Zhai
Buildings2026, 16(4), 830;https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16040830 
(registering DOI)

18 February 2026

Traditional villages embody tangible repositories of historical, cultural, and geographical heritage, and their sustainable and authentic development poses a global challenge. By applying complex adaptive system (CAS) theory via a bottom–up app...

  • Article
  • Open Access

18 February 2026

Reinforced concrete (RC) walls are designed to carry vertical and horizontal loads which may need to be rehabilitated and strengthened to enhance their load-bearing capacity due to increased loading demands, environmental factors, or lateral forces....

  • Article
  • Open Access

18 February 2026

Karst soil caves are prone to induce insufficient bearing capacity and excessive settlement of engineering foundations, which in turn trigger sudden ground surface collapse. In this study, multi-stage cyclic loads were designed to simulate traffic lo...

  • Article
  • Open Access

Study on the Effect and Mechanism of a New Capsule Technology on Tunnels Under Multi-Step Excavation

  • Bingfeng Xiao,
  • Sujia Liu,
  • Ga Zhang,
  • Yi Xie,
  • Xiaobing Mao and
  • Yijun Zhu

18 February 2026

With the intensive development of urban underground space, excavations adjacent to existing tunnels have become increasingly common. This study investigates the response of adjacent tunnels and surrounding soil to multi-step foundation pit excavation...

  • Article
  • Open Access

18 February 2026

Reasonable adjustment of construction parameters is of great value to reduce surface settlement and ensure the safety of shield construction. A novel hybrid intelligent optimization framework based on combination weighting and gray correlation analys...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access

Critical Factors in the Implementation of Lean Construction: A Literature Review 2015–2025

  • Luis Mayo-Alvarez,
  • Álvaro Apaza-Surco,
  • Walter Quispe-Bellido and
  • Jiulliana Paredes-Soria

18 February 2026

The adoption of Lean Construction has become established as an effective strategy for improving efficiency and reducing waste in construction projects; however, its implementation faces numerous challenges. The objective of this study is to analyze,...

  • Article
  • Open Access

18 February 2026

This study proposes a Kalman filter-based method to optimize the placement of accelerometers in buildings, formulated as a multi-objective problem that simultaneously minimizes the number of sensors and the state estimation error. State-space equatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access

18 February 2026

In bridge health monitoring, structural responses are strongly coupled with temperature effects and vehicle load effects, making it difficult for conventional fixed thresholds and single data-driven approaches to simultaneously achieve environmental...

  • Article
  • Open Access

18 February 2026

Under the influence of China’s rapid urbanization, traditional villages and intangible cultural heritage (ICH), as an organically coupled cultural ecosystem, are faced with severe spatial imbalance. Quantitative analysis and mechanism interpret...

  • Article
  • Open Access

Study on Spatial Effects of Non-Symmetric Cable-Stayed Bridges Under Operational Loads

  • Xiaogang Li,
  • Qin Wang,
  • Peng Ding,
  • Minglin Zhou,
  • Xiaohu Chen and
  • Shanxing Xiang

17 February 2026

Addressing the issues of the complex mechanical responses and significant spatial effects of asymmetric large-span cable-stayed steel box girder bridges with shared public-rail traffic under operational loads (live load, static wind, and structural t...

  • Article
  • Open Access

17 February 2026

To address the small ATC-63 record set for collapse-oriented motion selection and the limited interpretability of data-driven approaches, this study proposes a framework for identifying structural-collapse-critical ground motions. Using 5074 records...

  • Article
  • Open Access

17 February 2026

Urban waterfront walkways are everyday public built environments where people commonly engage in slow walking, yet evidence remains limited that links what pedestrians see to immediate psychophysiological responses under controlled first-person dynam...

  • Article
  • Open Access

17 February 2026

The construction sector in developing countries continues to face persistent challenges related to cost overruns, projects delays, and compromised quality performance. In Oman, these concerns have hindered the ability of construction industry to achi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
44 Views
28 Pages

16 February 2026

Under the backdrop of the “dual carbon” strategy, leveraging renewable energy to promote low-carbon renovations of existing buildings has become an important path for the construction industry to achieve sustainable development. Currently...

  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Views
29 Pages

16 February 2026

As intelligent construction technology advances, new projects have become more technology-intensive, collaborative, and multi-objective. Traditional team formation methods based on people’s experience can no longer meet their complex management...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Views
30 Pages

16 February 2026

In the design of shaking table tests concerning saturated sand–pile interactions, quantitatively achieving similarity in liquefaction responses between the model and the prototype has long been a challenging task. In addition, the dynamic shear...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Views
39 Pages

Developing a BIM-Integrated Framework for Embodied Carbon Assessment in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review and Expert Validation Study for Sri Lanka

  • Ahmed Hagras,
  • Talpe Pandithawattage Anuradha Lasantha Piyasena,
  • Amalka Nawarathna,
  • Marianthi Leon,
  • Ana Karina Silverio and
  • Abhinesh Prabhakaran

16 February 2026

Construction is responsible for 40% of global carbon emissions, yet embodied carbon (EC) assessment is rarely integrated into standard building design workflows in developing countries. This research presents and validates a BIM-integrated EC assessm...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Views
21 Pages

16 February 2026

Failure of concrete structures is a multiscale process where macroscale at the structural level and mesoscale at the heterogeneous material level are both involved. A multiscale approach is necessitated in the simulation of concrete failure. Based on...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Views
23 Pages

16 February 2026

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is widely applied in building research and practice to quantify environmental impacts, yet its contribution to architectural decision-making remains limited. This paper argues that this limitation is not primarily methodol...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Views
26 Pages

16 February 2026

To enhance the load-bearing capacity of conventional reinforced concrete (RC) columns and address the issue of longitudinal reinforcement buckling, this study proposes a novel composite column strengthened with small-diameter ultra-high-performance c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
53 Views
24 Pages

Experimental Study on Compressive Strength and Chloride Permeability Improvement of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Modified by Glazed Hollow Beads, Fly Ash, and Fiber Composites

  • Xin Yu,
  • Zhitao Lin,
  • Yongtao Li,
  • Zetong Li,
  • Ziheng Chang,
  • Hengjian Liu,
  • Zhuohui Yu,
  • Ping Gong,
  • Xiaozhi Hu and
  • Yanjie Wang

16 February 2026

Recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) typically exhibit higher chloride permeability and lower strength compared to natural aggregates, potentially accelerating steel corrosion and compromising the durability of reinforced concrete structures. While fu...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
46 Views
23 Pages

16 February 2026

Digital twin (DT) is increasingly adopted in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector to support data-driven modeling, monitoring, and decision-making across the building lifecycle. While Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications...

  • Article
  • Open Access
57 Views
24 Pages

A Study on the Redesign of Hospital Outpatient Halls Based on Acoustic Environment Requirements

  • Zhirui Zhu,
  • Xianfeng Huang,
  • Guangrong Wu,
  • Jiangda Qin and
  • Zhuocheng Zhang

16 February 2026

The acoustic design of outpatient halls is often ignored, yet the acoustic environment significantly impacts patients’ physical and mental well-being as well as their visit experience. This paper takes the outpatient hall of a hospital in South...

  • Article
  • Open Access
62 Views
22 Pages

16 February 2026

Weld cracking is a predominant damage mode in tubular connections. Such welds tend to crack prematurely before reaching their ultimate load-bearing capacity, and the damage mode of cracked joints differs significantly from that of seamless ones. This...

  • Article
  • Open Access
54 Views
15 Pages

16 February 2026

This research investigates the dynamic response of three-dimensional concrete beams with coated aggregates subjected to transient wave propagation induced by piezoelectric actuators (PZT-lead zirconate titanate). The aim was to assess the effects of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
71 Views
19 Pages

16 February 2026

Additive manufacturing is increasingly used in construction, yet reliable quality assurance for three-dimensional-printed concrete elements remains a major challenge. Existing digital defect-detection methods, particularly voxel-based and mesh-based...

  • Article
  • Open Access
66 Views
17 Pages

15 February 2026

Improving the simulation efficiency of the spectral representation method (SRM) for nonstationary fluctuating wind fields has attracted considerable attention. To this end, this study proposes a method based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
161 Views
20 Pages

15 February 2026

Microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs) offer a promising way to enhance the thermal performance of cement-based materials; however, their incorporation often compromises mechanical properties and durability, limiting practical application....

  • Article
  • Open Access
142 Views
16 Pages

15 February 2026

The application of vibration monitoring integrated with sparse Auto-Encoder (SAE) networks is investigated in this paper with the objective of detecting and localizing structural anomalies or damages. Unlike previous studies on SAE networks, the meth...

  • Review
  • Open Access
200 Views
45 Pages

15 February 2026

The rapid development of medical technologies requires architects to implement a future-proofing approach while designing medical facilities, despite the inherent uncertainty of long-term change. This challenge is particularly visible within hospital...

  • Article
  • Open Access
80 Views
25 Pages

15 February 2026

Observations of energy and carbon dioxide fluxes in the urban centres of rapidly developing countries remain limited. In this study, one year of eddy covariance measurements was conducted in the city centre of Hefei to investigate how underlying urba...

  • Article
  • Open Access
198 Views
19 Pages

15 February 2026

γ-dicalcium silicate (γ-C2S) is a carbonatable binder with excellent carbonation reactivity. However, its extremely low hydration activity prevents the paste from setting and hardening properly, making it difficult to be directly cast and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
87 Views
22 Pages

15 February 2026

Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) can substantially increase renewable electricity utilization in buildings under China’s “dual-carbon” targets. Yet, fixed photovoltaic (FPV) windows cannot respond to seasonal and diurnal va...

  • Article
  • Open Access
139 Views
21 Pages

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Ancient Stone Bridges in Wuxi, China and Their Relationship with the Natural Environment

  • Hongjun Peng,
  • Ping Li,
  • Zhuoyuan Du,
  • Haoran Jin,
  • Xinyue Gao,
  • Shengbei Zhou and
  • Chunyan Zhang

15 February 2026

As a significant component of hydraulic cultural heritage within the Grand Canal Cultural Belt, ancient stone bridges serve as vital physical evidence reflecting the evolutionary patterns of water conservancy and settlement spaces in Wuxi. Consequent...

  • Article
  • Open Access
138 Views
39 Pages

14 February 2026

Industrial heritage embodies the complex interplay between historical continuity, technological development, and social spatial transformation. However, existing assessment methods often rely on qualitative judgments or fragmented criteria, limiting...

  • Article
  • Open Access
94 Views
24 Pages

14 February 2026

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) concrete, with excellent properties such as light weight, thermal insulation, and soundproofing, is widely applied in construction engineering. However, its complex heterogeneous internal structure makes it difficult to qui...

  • Article
  • Open Access
68 Views
22 Pages

14 February 2026

During long-term service, concrete structures are exposed to various adverse factors, which often lead to the formation of numerous surface cracks. These cracks pose serious threats to structural safety and durability. Therefore, accurately identifyi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
119 Views
18 Pages

14 February 2026

Recently, due to the expansion of telecommunication and power networks, as well as other structures, the demand for designing efficient and durable tall supporting columns has increased. Efficient steel columns are well known, including prestressed s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
196 Views
31 Pages

14 February 2026

The third place refers to the social environment that is separate from the two usual social environments of the home “first place” and the workplace “second place”. Places that fulfil other functions in addition to food and dr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
136 Views
21 Pages

Comparative Selection of Staggered Jacking Schemes for a Large-Span Double-Layer Space Frame: A Case Study of the Han Culture Museum Grand Hall

  • Xiangwei Zhang,
  • Zheng Yang,
  • Jianbo Ren,
  • Yanchao Yue,
  • Yuanyuan Dong,
  • Jiaguo Zhang,
  • Haibin Guan,
  • Chenlu Liu,
  • Li Cui and
  • Jianjun Ma

14 February 2026

Focusing on the construction of a 58-m-diameter double-layer steel space frame dome at the Han Culture Museum Assembly Hall, this study addresses scheme selection and safety control challenges in staggered jacking of large-span spatial structures. A...

  • Article
  • Open Access
68 Views
28 Pages

14 February 2026

In high-density urban environments, residential design often faces a conflict between maximizing landscape access and maintaining energy-oriented compactness. This study proposes a target-based visibility analysis framework to optimize high-rise form...

  • Article
  • Open Access
167 Views
24 Pages

From Brundtland to Net-Zero Buildings: Governing Sustainable Development in the Built Environment

  • Mingliang Li,
  • Hengjie Duan,
  • Yiying Wang,
  • Zhanlue Lin,
  • Xintian Yu and
  • Hongyu Zhao

14 February 2026

Since the Brundtland Report (1987), its definition has anchored sustainable development. An EBSCOhost co-mention scan (1987–2025) finds 259,112 records linking “sustainable development” with the Brundtland Report—used only as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Views
28 Pages

Enhancing Structural Resilience: Numerical Modeling of Steel Frames Filled with Concrete Block Masonry Under Cyclic Loads

  • Rodrigo Felipe Santos,
  • José Carlos Lopes Ribeiro,
  • Roberto Márcio da Silva,
  • Leonardo Gonçalves Pedroti,
  • Alba Bruna Cintra de Grandi,
  • Ruan Richelly Santos,
  • Ariel Miranda de Souza and
  • José Maria Franco de Carvalho

14 February 2026

This article presents numerical models for unbraced steel frames filled with structural masonry under cyclic loads, offering insights into their behavior and design potential. Using simplified micro-modeling in ABAQUS with the Concrete Damage Plastic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
60 Views
16 Pages

A Study on Shear Performance of Longitudinally Reinforced SFRC Beams with Satisfactory Composite-Recycled Aggregates

  • Mingshuang Zhao,
  • Kele Wang,
  • Minglei Zhao,
  • Changyong Li,
  • Xinxin Ding and
  • Shunbo Zhao

14 February 2026

Composed of recycled small-particle coarse aggregates with virgin large-particle crushed stones, satisfactory composite-recycled aggregates are developed to overcome the shortcomings of large particle recycled coarse aggregate, making a new concrete...

  • Article
  • Open Access
82 Views
23 Pages

14 February 2026

Viscoelastic (VE) dampers are widely used for structural response control, but broader engineering adoption is often constrained by temperature- and amplitude-dependent properties and limited full-scale evidence on reliable performance when deformati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
82 Views
18 Pages

14 February 2026

Amid accelerating global urbanization, the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, as a repository of multi-ethnic architectural heritage, plays a crucial role in preserving plateau cultural diversity and sustaining harmonious human–environment relationsh...

  • Article
  • Open Access
49 Views
19 Pages

14 February 2026

In recent years, with the widespread application of double-column pier bridges, their seismic performance has attracted increasing attention. However, traditional seismic performance analysis treats piers and bearings as separate research objects, la...

  • Article
  • Open Access
128 Views
19 Pages

14 February 2026

Landscape quality significantly impacts residents’ well-being through visual perception, particularly among the elderly who exhibit heightened sensitivity to environmental stimuli. Therefore, this study investigates how landscape configurations...

  • Article
  • Open Access
243 Views
23 Pages

13 February 2026

Despite the aesthetic potential of free-form envelopes in large-scale public buildings, geometric interlacing complexity, ambiguous façade boundaries, and constructability translation gaps persist as systemic barriers. This study addresses the...

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Buildings - ISSN 2075-5309