2025 September - 174 articles
Background: Small for gestational age neonates represent a population at risk of growth failure or deviant growth patterns and long-term metabolic complications. Breastfeeding has been identified as a critical factor in promoting healthier growth and...
Background: The link between problematic social media (SM) use and socio-emotional deficits has limited clinical evidence. This study compares SM addiction risk and empathic abilities between psychiatric outpatients and healthy peers, exploring how S...
Background: The British Thoracic Society recommended tube thoracostomy plus intra-pleural fibrinolytics to treat empyema in children in 2005. However, numerous comparative studies have suggested Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) as a first...
Background/Objectives: Bluish-green discoloration of the nipples in pubertal girls often poses a diagnostic dilemma. Methods: We describe the case of an 11-year-old girl who developed bilateral and symmetrical bluish-green macules in the retroareolar...
Background: Refeeding syndrome is a potentially fatal complication that occurs in inpatient, severely acutely malnourished children during the early phase of nutritional management. Its early identification and management are critical to preventing a...
Objectives: Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) remains a major challenge in pediatric neurology, as many children fail to achieve seizure control despite appropriate medications. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) offers an effective adjunctive treatment; howe...
Introduction: Advanced identification and intervention for Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) in pediatric populations are crucial, as approximately 1% of neonates worldwide present with these conditions. Traditional methods of diagnosing CHDs often rel...
Background/Objectives: Acute scrotal pain in children and adolescents requires prompt evaluation to differentiate testicular torsion from other scrotal pathologies. Testicular torsion, a surgical emergency, can lead to irreversible testicular damage...
Background/objective: Class III malocclusion is a relatively common clinical problem among Asian patients, which is caused by skeletal discrepancies and involves complex factors. In growing patients, early intervention with myofunctional appliances c...
Background/Objectives: Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is a valuable imaging modality for detecting malignancies and diagnosing fever of unknown origin (FUO). However, data regarding FDG ac...
Background/Objectives: Executive functions (EFs) play a fundamental role in children’s cognitive and emotional regulation and have been identified as key transdiagnostic predictors of psychopathology. Children with Special Educational Needs (SE...
Background/Objectives: Lack of objective evidence exists regarding changes in physical function and impact on daily functioning in paediatric post-COVID-19 condition (PPCC). This study aimed to assess exercise capacity, fatigue, and peripheral and re...
Background/Objectives: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) frequently affects preterm infants and is associated with lasting morbidity. Early prediction remains challenging. The present study investigated whether hematological inflammatory markers&mdash...
Background/Objectives: Weight-based stigma represents a pervasive psychosocial challenge affecting youth worldwide, with significant implications for mental and physical health. Although school-based interventions have been suggested as effective str...
Background: Spinal solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are a rare oncological entity, almost anecdotal in the pediatric population. They have a high relapse rate and represent an ongoing oncological challenge. Methods: In this article, we conducted a syst...
Background/Objectives: Respiratory infections are a major global public health problem, with potentially serious consequences. Indeed, they remain one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 in developing countries. Etiologi...
Background: While prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease is increasingly common, and communication is essential to minimizing familial stress, little is known about how the fetus is discussed in this setting. This study observed how clinician...
Background/Objectives: Early neonatal hypocalcemia is a common metabolic disorder in premature neonates with various risk factors, including perinatal asphyxia and fetal growth restriction (FGR). We aimed to investigate the incidence of early neonata...
Background: Pediatric infectious disease epidemiology has changed since the COVID-19 pandemic. To investigate possible changes in the epidemiology of pediatric osteoarticular infections (pOAIs), entailing osteomyelitis (OM), septic or infectious arth...
Background: Disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) have a significant impact on the quality of life of children and families. Forty percent of children with recurrent abdominal pain continue to have symptoms into adulthood. Specialized progr...
Background/Objectives: We wished to raise awareness of Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) as a potential cause of early and significant hemolytic newborn jaundice. Methods: We utilized three recent cases from our experience to discuss hyperbilirubinemia e...
Background/Objectives: Adenoid hypertrophy (AH), one of the most common pathologies in children, is a major cause of mouth breathing. Mouth breathing causes dry mouth, which removes the beneficial effects of saliva necessary for oral health. Therefor...
Background: Expert guidelines recommend using pulse oximetry (PO) in the delivery room to monitor oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR). Umbilical cord pulse oximetry (UCP) is a novel concept that, despite being postductal, could provide accur...
Objective: This study investigated associations between physical activity (PA) during late adolescence and emerging adulthood and bone strength in emerging adulthood by utilizing advanced finite element analysis of computed tomography (CT/FEA) techno...
Background/Objectives: Early parenting can influence child self-regulatory skills, which are in turn linked to allostatic load (AL)—a predictor of future morbidity and mortality. However, this mechanistic pathway from early parenting to later A...
Background/Objectives: Infection is a major complication during the early postoperative period following pediatric liver transplantation (LT). Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent death. We aimed to assess the diagnostic value of p...
Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and printing technologies are increasingly used in pediatric surgery, offering improved anatomical visualization, surgical planning, and personalized approaches to complex conditions. Compared to standard imaging, pati...
Background/Objectives: The integration of strength training in grassroots youth soccer remains limited, often due to persistent myths regarding its safety and utility. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a tailored, playful strength training pr...
Background/Objectives: Childhood and adolescent obesity is a growing public health concern in Jordan, with implications for both physical and psychological well-being. While obesity’s physical effects are well-documented, less is known about it...
Background/Objectives: Vision plays a key role in acquiring and automating fundamental movement skills. Evidence from Italy is scarce. This study compared Test of Gross Motor Development–2 (TGMD-2) performance between Italian children with visu...
Background/Objectives: Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) is a diagnosis of exclusion in children who demonstrate a persistent toe-walking gait without an identifiable underlying neuromuscular or orthopedic pathology. The classification of toe-walking beha...
Background: Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) can reduce exposure to mechanical ventilation in preterm infants, but factors associated with LISA failure in routine practice remain uncertain, particularly outside Europe. Methods: We perfo...
Despite great technological advances in Type 1 Diabetes (TID) [...]
Introduction. Pediatric polytrauma (PPT) and major trauma in pediatric patients (PMT) present unique challenges compared to adult trauma care due to distinct anatomical and physiological differences. PPT/PMT remains the leading cause of death in chil...
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a hyperinflammatory condition driven by uncontrolled immune activation, is widely recognized as a critical complication in pediatric septic shock. This syndrome shares pathophysiological features with hemophagocy...
Background/Objectives: Obesity is increasing worldwide, driven by unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles. Genetic variations in taste receptor genes, particularly TAS1R2 and TAS2R38, may influence taste preferences, dietary intake, and obe...
Background: The establishment of population-specific reference values for neonatal renal dimensions is essential for accurate assessment of kidney development. Currently, standardized reference data for renal volume in Romanian newborns are lacking....
Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) presents significant surgical challenges due to bone fragility, narrow medullary canals, and complex deformities. While telescoping rods like the Fassier–Duval (FD) system are commonly used in growing...
Background/Objectives: Adolescence is a sensitive developmental window shaped by both vulnerabilities and adaptive potential. From an evolutionary standpoint, mental health difficulties in this period may represent functional responses to environment...
Background/Objectives: Students’ psychological health problems have been widely studied for a long time. However, with the COVID-19 pandemic and due to the additional challenges related to the need for individual and contextual adjustment, a mo...
Background: Developing suitable dosage forms presents multiple challenges, such as ensuring the medication can be easily swallowed by young children, mixed with a small amount of food or liquid, and effectively taste-masked. There is no standardized...
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in skeletally immature patients pose unique clinical and surgical challenges due to the presence of open physes and ongoing growth. In recent years, multiple surgical strategies have been developed to restore...
Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) affects 1–4% of children and may cause significant health issues if left untreated. While adenotonsillectomy is the primary intervention, up to 33% of children experience residual OSA. Drug-induced sle...
Background/Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is frequently associated with self-injurious behaviors, posing significant risks to individuals and considerable challenges for families and professionals. While various interventions have been pr...
Background: Asthma is the most prevalent chronic illness in children worldwide, contributing to significant morbidity, health care utilization, and economic burden. In the United States, approximately five million children are affected by asthma. Thi...
I read with great interest the recent case report by Alexander T. Hoppe et al. [...]
Background: Epinephrine is currently the only vasopressor recommended during neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Rapid vasopressor administration is critical during CPR; however, establishing vascular access can take several minutes and req...
Background: Rett syndrome (RS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting females, characterized by severe neurological impairment and complex comorbidities, including epilepsy, scoliosis, and respiratory dysfunction. Respiratory compl...
Background: Motor vehicle accidents account for the majority of abdominal trauma in pregnancy and can result in fetal morbidity and mortality. With advancing gestation, the fetus becomes more vulnerable to injury. Case presentation: A preterm neonate...
Background/Objectives: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) affects approximately 5% of children globally and is characterized by motor difficulties that can negatively impact physical activity levels and increase the risk of obesity. Understand...
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