Children, Volume 12, Issue 9

The lack of acknowledgment of children as victims of gender-based violence hinders the support they receive. This study aimed to identify the psychological consequences of children’s exposure to gender-based violence and gaps in knowledge. This...

Background: Malignant solid tumors diagnosed during the first year of life represent a rare but clinically significant subgroup of pediatric cancers. Their biological behavior, treatment responses, and prognosis differ substantially from tumors diagn...

Background/Objectives: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who attend pediatric emergency services face challenges related to their sensory, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics. This study explored the perceptions of healthcare profess...

Background/Objectives: Data from the Canadian Cerebral Palsy (CP) Registry suggests that children in British Columbia (BC) are diagnosed, on average, at 25 months of age. This is much later than currently recommended. This study aimed to examine curr...

Background: Supported infant-directed singing (IDS) for parents and their preterm infants has proven beneficial for parents and preterm infants’ health and relationship building. Studying parent–infant contingent interactions through beha...

Background/Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents complex developmental challenges that require coordinated, individualized interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a transdisciplinary, family-centered approach in...

Background: Laron Syndrome (LS) is a rare hereditary form of dwarfism occurring, with few exceptions, in Jewish, Muslim, and Asian populations or their descendants spread over all continents. It is caused by deletions or mutations in the GH-Receptor...

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens responsible for chronic pulmonary infections, primarily affecting individuals with underlying conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this review is to present the...

Background/Objectives: Managing long bone fractures and deformities in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) with telescoping rods is a common but challenging procedure. A rare complication is the distal migration of the rod’s proximal female component,...

This case report describes four pediatric patients with severe, therapy-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) and one pediatric patient with severe, therapy-refractory Crohn’s disease (CD), all of whom failed widely used biologic therapies, includ...

Background: Adolescent depression is a growing public health concern. Health promotion for this group requires an understanding of what health means in the context of depression. Given that parents play a central role in adolescents’ everyday l...

Background/Objectives: Dental neglect represents a preventable form of child maltreatment that may lead to significant oral and systemic health complications. This study primarily aimed to investigate the main oral manifestations and determinants of...

Background: Continuous schooling and healthy learning are essential during childhood. Therefore, we investigated the risk factors of absenteeism in supporting at-risk students. The aim of this study examined the longitudinal relationships between abs...

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation, negatively impacting child growth and development. Methods: The Hair Biomarkers Study (HBS-I) evaluated healthy preschool chil...

Background/Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal obesity are major global health gestation-related conditions associated with several adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. GDM is a common gestational metabolic disorder, prese...

Background: Adolescent obesity represents a global public health issue, with an urgent need for tailored intervention strategies, particularly in school settings. Objectives: This study investigated the impact of adapted basketball training—wit...

Background/Objective: The gait pattern of children born very preterm shows gait decrements compared to their full-term peers in dual-task walking. It is essential to identify children at a higher risk for these gait deficits. The aim of this study wa...

Background: Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders caused by genetic defects in one or more components of the immune system. The Jeffrey Modell Foundation’s (JMF) Ten Warning Signs are widely used for early...

Background/Objectives: Time spent with parents and educators encompasses a large portion of a child’s waking hours, with the home and early childhood education and care serving as two of the first settings in which children develop social and c...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted pediatric healthcare systems globally, altering infection dynamics, hospital admissions, and antimicrobial practices. This study aimed to evaluate temporal shifts in patient demographics, clinical aspects,...

Sucking is essential for feeding and impacts the development of the cranio-facial-respiratory complex (CFRC). Non-nutritive sucking on a pacifier causes palatal narrowing and modifies the natural balanced relationship between intraoral pressure, peri...

Background/Objectives: Childhood trauma significantly hinders the developmental and academic outcomes of learners, particularly in under-resourced schools such as those in Limpopo province, South Africa. Teachers in these settings often face challeng...

Background/Objectives: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting in proximal muscle weakness and paralysis. SMA treatment has radically changed in the past 10 years thanks to the development of novel therapies...

Objectives: This retrospective study examines acetabular morphology and defects in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The study discovers the usefulness and reliability of a reconstructed 3D CT measurement technique and compares it to conventional ra...

Background/Objectives: Back pain is increasingly prevalent during childhood and adolescence, often predicting adult spinal disorders. This study aimed to describe sex-specific anthropometric and “Postural Fitness” characteristics in schoo...

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a static, non-progressive brain pathology that affects mobility and musculoskeletal health. Objective: This review aims to describe the pediatric orthopedic management strategy at one specialty center with focus on...

Background/Objectives: School-based universal mental health interventions offer an inclusive and scalable approach to promote mental health and well-being among children. This study evaluates the Let’s Learn About Emotions (Opitaan tunteista in...

Background/Objectives: Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) in children is poorly documented. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of COMISA and to explore its clinical and polysomnographic characteristics in children referred for polysom...

Pediatric oral rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare and aggressive cancer of the head and neck, characterized by a complex and mostly immunosuppressive tumor–immune microenvironment. Unlike adult cancers, pediatric RMS typically exhibits a “c...

Necrotizing pneumonia is a serious complication of pediatric pneumonia, characterized by liquefaction and cavitation of the lung parenchyma. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are the most implicated organisms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae h...

Background: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) commonly experience executive function (EF) impairments that impact daily life and academics. While bilingualism has generally been associated with cognitive advantages in typically develo...

Background: Infantile colic affects up to 40% of otherwise healthy infants and can severely distress caregivers. Manual therapies are increasingly employed as non-pharmacological options, yet their effectiveness and safety remain uncertain. Methods:...

Background/Objectives: Juvenile localized scleroderma (jLoS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with skin and subcutaneous tissue involvement. Microvascular alterations are thought to contribute to its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate mi...

Background/Objectives: Complex cases in pediatric surgery involving multiple congenital anomalies pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. These conditions require coordinated interdisciplinary care tailored to the individual patient....

Objective: Children with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) commonly present with otitis media with effusion (OME), with increased referrals for newborn hearing screening (NHS). Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing with OME may mimic sensorineural he...

Background/Objectives: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of caregiver-reported ARI symptoms an...

Background/Objectives: As an independent research group, we examined parent and child outcomes of three different parenting programs delivered at scale. The programs were implemented in Bhutan, Serbia and Zambia by different organizations. Methods: M...

Background/Objectives: Sleep is essential for children’s well-being, yet insufficient sleep duration and quality are common among preschoolers. The brain–gut microbiota axis, a bidirectional communication network connecting the brain, the...

Background: Arthroereisis is a well-accepted and relatively easy procedure to treat the flexible flatfeet in children and adolescents. A mild calf-muscle shortening is not seldom an accompanying feature. The need for a gastrocnemius recession in addi...

Introduction: Evidence on steroid treatment for established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is sparse. To our knowledge, a systematic review has never been conducted on this topic. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize available evidence for the use...

Background: Tobacco use remains a major public health concern among adolescents, particularly as electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has increased in recent years. While academic performance has been linked to health-risk behaviors, less is known...

Background/Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to describe all cases of fetal hemivertebrae diagnosed prenatally at the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca over the last 15 years. Additionally, the presence of associated malf...

Background/Objectives: Dental fear and anxiety are areas of concern in clinical pediatric dentistry, often leading to treatment avoidance and negative oral-health consequences. Cortisol and alpha amylase, measurable in saliva, have been proposed as b...

Background: Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is established as a standard of care due to its demonstrated benefits for preterm newborns, with evidence showing that earlier and more prolonged skin-to-skin contact correlates with reduced morbidity in neonate...

Wearable technology is rapidly evolving, with increasing efforts to integrate a wide range of sensors capable of capturing real-time physiological and behavioral health data from users. These devices have shown significant promise in supporting healt...

Purpose: This study investigates trends in pediatric emergency department (ED) utilization before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on age-specific patterns, triage severity, diagnostic categories, and clinical presentations. Methods: Dat...

Background: Presurgical nasoalveolar molding (NAM) improves outcomes in infants with cleft lip and palate by guiding alveolar segment alignment and enhancing nasal symmetry prior to primary lip repair. However, traditional NAM protocols require frequ...

Background/Objectives: Although non-suicidal self-harming behaviors (NSSHBs) are increasingly recognized as both a symptom and risk factor in adolescent development, few studies have explored their biopsychosocial correlates, such as stress managemen...

Background: Children with diplegic Cerebral Palsy often exhibit upper-limb (UL) motor impairments compounded by deficits in visuospatial, sensory, and executive functions. Despite this, research has primarily focused on lower-limb rehabilitation, lea...

Background/Objectives: This study examined the efficacy of a physical activity (PA) intervention augmented by a non-immersive Virtual Reality (VR) gaming system (i.e., Virtual Reality-infused Movement and Activity Program; V-MAP) on physical activity...