Electronics, Volume 12, Issue 16
2023 August-2 - 161 articles
Cover Story: This work describes a cost-effective compact solution for ultra-low-frequency impedance measurements, operating from 1 mHz to 250 kHz. A fully analog circuit has been designed and tested to be coupled to a lock-in amplifier. The system is based on a Howland converter cascaded by a precision current divider in order to set the conversion factor at 0.1, 1, or 100 μA/V. A feedback network is inserted to null the voltage drift induced by leakage currents and offset voltages, which allows the measurement of low-capacitance loads even in the presence of high-voltage biasing. The circuit is likely to be used for the conditioning of both resistive and capacitive sensors, and it represents an effective solution for the implementation of a portable instrument for biosensor characterizations. View this paper - Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list .
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