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Symmetry, Volume 17, Issue 4

April 2025 - 154 articles

Cover Story: The gluon field, as the fundamental carrier of topological information in QCD, plays a central role in shaping the nonperturbative structure of hadrons. How this topological information is transmitted to baryons in low-energy effective theories remains a profound question. Recent advances have highlighted that vector meson fields can inherit and convey topological characteristics in the construction of baryons. The $\eta'$ meson emerges as a unique bridge linking the Chern–Simons theory of gluons with the dynamics of vector mesons. This connection offers deep insights into the topological origin of baryons. We review recent progress in understanding baryon construction related to the $\eta’$ meson—particularly, in the single-flavor case—through the lenses of the quantum Hall droplet picture, the chiral bag model, and vortex solutions. View this paper
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Articles (154)

  • Article
  • Open Access
953 Views
12 Pages

21 April 2025

This paper presents a parallel ray tracing (RT) algorithm based on a graphic processing unit (GPU) applied to electromagnetic scattering calculations in an inhomogeneous plasma to enhance the computational efficiency of the algorithm. The proposed al...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
613 Views
25 Pages

21 April 2025

With the development of artificial intelligence technology, there are increasingly high requirements for processing big data systems. Big data systems have undergone rapid evolution in response to changing demands. Due to the complex structural conne...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
1,188 Views
81 Pages

21 April 2025

This survey provides a review of the theoretical research on the classic system of matrix equations AX=C and XB=D, which has wide-ranging applications across fields such as control theory, optimization, image processing, and robotics. The paper discu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,769 Views
24 Pages

20 April 2025

The increasing demand for ultra-fast charging in electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates advancements in thermal management strategies to mitigate Joule heating, which arises due to electrical resistance in charging connectors and cable cores. This stud...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,238 Views
27 Pages

20 April 2025

Electroencephalogram (EEG), as a kind of neurobiological signal, is an essential tool for studying human perception, yet its acquisition is often time-consuming and laborious. Accordingly, this paper presents the largest publicly available EEG datase...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6,870 Views
58 Pages

19 April 2025

This article provides a survey of polyhedral embeddings of triangular regular maps of genus g, 2⩽g⩽14, and of neighborly spatial polyhedra. An old conjecture of Grünbaum from 1967, although disproved in 2000, lies behind this inves...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,266 Views
39 Pages

19 April 2025

Addressing the insufficient identification of key consumer requirements in refrigerator design and the current limitations in understanding the impacts and underlying mechanisms of product design on sustainability, this study develops an interdiscipl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
683 Views
15 Pages

19 April 2025

Multifactor uncertain differential equations (MUDEs) are effective tools to model dynamic systems under multi-source noise. With the widespread use of MUDEs, parameter estimation as the bridge between the observed data and the MUDE becomes increasing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
497 Views
18 Pages

A System of Coupled Matrix Equations with an Application over the Commutative Quaternion Ring

  • Xiao-Quan Chen,
  • Long-Sheng Liu,
  • Xiao-Xiao Ma and
  • Qian-Wen Long

18 April 2025

In this paper, we study the necessary and sufficient conditions for a system of matrix equations to have a solution and a Hermitian solution. As an application, we establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for a classical matrix system to hav...

  • Article
  • Open Access
909 Views
14 Pages

18 April 2025

This study investigates solutions of a class of boundary value problems involving the Φ-Caputo fractional derivative and the p-Laplacian operator. Through the application of fixed-point theory, we confirm the existence and uniqueness of solutions...

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Symmetry - ISSN 2073-8994